Understanding Windows troubleshooting after start up
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Windows Shell?

  • Managing executive services interface
  • Interacting with hardware
  • Providing tools like File Explorer and the Windows desktop (correct)
  • Operating in kernel mode

    • Which of the following accurately describes the Windows Kernel?

  • It operates in user mode
  • It is responsible for interacting with hardware (correct)
  • It has limited access to system information
  • It provides tools such as File Explorer

    • Which component of the Windows Kernel is the layer closest to the hardware?

  • File Explorer
  • User mode subsystem
  • HAL (hardware abstraction layer) (correct)
  • Executive services interface

    • What is the role of the executive services interface in the Windows OS?

    <p>To operate between the user mode subsystems and the HAL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mode do the subsystems of the Windows Shell operate in?

    <p>User mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) in an operating system?

    <p>Manages interactions with the hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is responsible for managing the resources of the system in the Kernel?

    <p>Executive Services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Shell in an operating system?

    <p>Provides a command-line interface for the user</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component includes the Win32 subsystem and the Win32 security subsystem?

    <p>Shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the Kernel?

    <p>Win32 Subsystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer is directly above hardware in the diagram of an operating system?

    <p>Kernel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #Where is NTUSER.DAT stored on a Windows machine?

    <p>C:\Users\username</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is created when a user first signs in to Windows?

    <p>User profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 64-bit versions of Windows, where are 32-bit programs stored?

    <p>C:\Program Files (x86)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which directory typically contains 64-bit programs on a Windows system?

    <p>C:\Program Files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #What components make up a user's profile when they first sign in to Windows?

    <p>A user folder and NTUSER.DAT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #Where is the registry location in a Windows system?

    <p>C:\Windows\System32\config</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #Which folder is used to store backup copies of the registry?

    <p>C:\Windows\System32\config\RegBack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #Which directory is designated for storing offline files?

    <p>C:\Windows\CSC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you find the fonts on a Windows system?

    <p>C:\Windows\Fonts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which folder is utilized for temporary files in Windows?

    <p>C:\Windows\Temp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a process in the context of Windows applications?

    <p>A program running under the authority of the shell with assigned resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a thread in the context of Windows processes?

    <p>A single task requested by a process from the kernel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a process sometimes called?

    <p>An instance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a process with more than one thread represent?

    <p>Multi-threading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of a request made by a process to the Win32 subsystem?

    <p>A thread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step when troubleshooting a user's problem?

    <p>Interview the user</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to ask the user to reproduce the problem while you watch?

    <p>To better understand the issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action should be taken before attempting a reboot during troubleshooting?

    <p>Back up data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After interviewing the user, which of the following is a crucial next step?

    <p>Asking the user to reproduce the issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common preliminary step taken during troubleshooting?

    <p>Rebooting the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which log should you check for errors related to software applications?

    <p>Application log</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the Reliability Monitor help you identify?

    <p>Errors with applications and key hardware components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which log records events related to the installation of software and updates?

    <p>Setup log</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To find clues about general protection faults, which tool should you use?

    <p>Event Viewer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For events related to system activities such as driver failures, which log is most relevant?

    <p>System log</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended step if a hardware-related problem persists even after attempting the built-in Windows troubleshooting?

    <p>Check Device Manager and possibly uninstall and reinstall the device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which search technique can help target Microsoft websites for error message solutions?

    <p>Include site:microsoft.com in the search text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is it suggested to use the Troubleshooting Applet in Windows?

    <p>When an application fails to open</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should you look for community-generated solutions for a specific app's problem?

    <p>Online forums</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action might help resolve a hardware problem when Device Manager is accessed?

    <p>Uninstalling and reinstalling the problematic device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category in the Troubleshooting applet would you select to fix problems with Windows Update?

    <p>System and Security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential use of the Troubleshooting applet under the 'Hardware and Sound' category?

    <p>Troubleshoot audio recording</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option in the Troubleshooting applet allows you to connect to the Internet?

    <p>Network and Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an option under the 'Network and Internet' category?

    <p>Configure a device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended first step in the troubleshooting process using the Windows Troubleshooting applet?

    <p>Use the Troubleshooting applet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would you NOT typically consider when diagnosing general problems with an application?

    <p>Upgrade the operating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be an appropriate action if an application consistently shows errors in its logs?

    <p>Repair the application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After ruling out data corruption, what is a common next step in troubleshooting application problems?

    <p>Check application settings and logs for errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If repairing an application does not solve the problem, which action should you take next?

    <p>Uninstall and reinstall the application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you check after considering the possibility of data corruption in an application?

    <p>Application settings and logs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #Which command is used to start the Windows Memory Diagnostics tool?

    <p>mdsched.exe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #What is the main purpose of the chkdsk c: /r command?

    <p>To check for bad sectors and recover data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if you suspect malware is affecting the system?

    <p>Scan the system using up-to-date anti-malware software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #Which of the following methods can be used to start the Windows Memory Diagnostics tool?

    <p>Using the mdsched.exe command or booting from Windows setup media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should you look for warnings or errors related to a corrupted hard drive?

    <p>Event Viewer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #Which key combination can you press to directly open Task Manager in Windows?

    <p>Ctrl+Shift+Esc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #How can you access Task Manager in Windows 10?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #Which command should you enter in the Start menu's search box on a Windows 7 system to open Task Manager?

    <p>taskmgr.exe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a Windows system is low on resources, which tool can be used to identify processes consuming excessive system resources?

    <p>Task Manager</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method would NOT be used to open Task Manager in Windows 8?

    <p>Press Win+R and enter taskmanager.exe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tab in Task Manager would you use to view the system's CPU and memory usage?

    <p>Performance tab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Task Manager tab would you navigate to in order to stop a specific service on the system?

    <p>Service tab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where in Task Manager can you find information about the startup impact of applications?

    <p>Startup tab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tab allows you to see the resource usage (CPU, Memory, Disk, Network) of each user on the system?

    <p>Users tab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tab in Task Manager can help you analyze application resource usage over time?

    <p>App history tab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of performing a clean boot?

    <p>To eliminate third-party software from starting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is used along with Task Manager to perform a clean boot?

    <p>System Configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if an application runs without errors after a clean boot?

    <p>Zero in on the conflicting third-party software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of software is primarily targeted when performing a clean boot to resolve application issues?

    <p>Third-party software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After identifying the conflicting third-party software during a clean boot, what should be the next step?

    <p>Update or uninstall the conflicting software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #Which command is used to verify and replace corrupt or missing system files in Windows?

    <p>sfc /scannow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do first if you suspect Windows system files are causing problems?

    <p>Update Windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #Which tool is used to repair an existing Windows installation if the System File Checker doesn't resolve the issue?

    <p>DISM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #How do you initiate the System File Checker tool?

    <p>By opening an elevated command prompt and executing <code>sfc /scannow</code></p> Signup and view all the answers

    #If you use the DISM tool to repair system files, which of the following commands would you likely use?

    <p>dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #What is the purpose of using the DISM command dism /online /cleanup-image /checkhealth?

    <p>To check for corruption without repairing it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #Which DISM command would you use to repair system files using an external source?

    <p>dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth /source:install.wim /limitaccess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environment does Safe Mode provide when booting Windows?

    <p>A minimal configuration stable environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command scans the health status of the Windows image and reports any issues?

    <p>dism /online /cleanup-image /scanhealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #What does the command dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth do?

    <p>Repairs corrupted system files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a true statement about System Restore in Windows?

    <p>System Restore might create a new problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are restore points kept in a Windows system?

    <p>A hidden folder on the hard drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you use System Restore for if you know the approximate date the error started?

    <p>To revert system settings to an earlier date</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a limitation of System Restore?

    <p>Can remove all types of system errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you launch System Restore if Windows will not start?

    <p>Using startup recovery tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does System Restore NOT affect?

    <p>Documents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be uninstalled during a System Restore?

    <p>Installed programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does selecting the recommended restore option primarily do?

    <p>Rolls back Windows updates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step should you take to clean up the startup process and improve Windows performance?

    <p>Remove unnecessary startup programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is not typically used to address slow startup and performance issues in Windows?

    <p>Changing the desktop wallpaper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of having many programs set to start during Windows startup?

    <p>Slower system performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool can be used to manage and disable startup programs to improve Windows startup time?

    <p>Task Manager</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adjusting which of the following settings can directly impact Windows startup performance?

    <p>Startup programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step to benchmark how fast Windows starts?

    <p>Use a stopwatch to time a normal startup from the moment you press the power button until the wait icon on the Windows desktop disappears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you conclude if there is no difference in startup time between a normal boot and a clean boot?

    <p>Startup processes are not the source of the problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should you take if you find a significant difference in boot time between a normal startup and a clean boot?

    <p>Follow the steps to reduce Windows startup to essentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When measuring the time for a normal startup, at what point should you stop the stopwatch?

    <p>When the wait icon on the Windows desktop disappears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which troubleshooting step involves setting up a clean boot?

    <p>To isolate startup processes and measure their impact on boot time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if valuable data is not backed up?

    <p>Back it up before you apply any fixes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step should be taken before applying any fixes to a system with valuable data?

    <p>Back up the data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to back up user data before troubleshooting?

    <p>To ensure no valuable data is lost during fixes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key action mentioned in the content before applying chapter fixes?

    <p>Back up user data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the provided content, which precautionary step is highlighted?

    <p>Backing up valuable data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the routine maintenance tasks that should be performed?

    <p>Verify critical Windows settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action optimizes the hard drive as part of routine maintenance?

    <p>Defragment the hard drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with software that is no longer needed?

    <p>Uninstall it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chapter teaches routine maintenance tasks?

    <p>Chapter 13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to verify critical Windows settings?

    <p>To safeguard system security and stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool can be used to search for unnecessary startup programs in Windows?

    <p>System Configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Windows 10/8, where can you find the list of startup items to investigate?

    <p>Startup tab in Task Manager</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What step can be taken to see if disabling a startup entry improves performance?

    <p>Temporarily disable the entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should you look to find out what processes are currently running?

    <p>Processes tab in Task Manager</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tab in Task Manager should you use to temporarily disable a startup program in Windows 10?

    <p>Startup tab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason applications schedule tasks upon installation?

    <p>To check for and download updates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it recommended to uninstall the software responsible for a scheduled task instead of simply deleting the task?

    <p>Removing the software prevents the task from running again</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can malware sometimes hide on a system to evade detection?

    <p>As a scheduled task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key step in identifying unnecessary or problematic scheduled tasks?

    <p>Searching through tasks in the Task Scheduler window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you decide when you find a scheduled task you think is unnecessary or causing trouble?

    <p>Whether to uninstall the software or disable the task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pagefile.sys in a Windows system?

    <p>To enhance the amount of RAM using virtual memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following steps is suggested to improve performance related to low system resources?

    <p>Move the pagefile.sys to another volume on the same hard drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it advisable to check for low system resources?

    <p>When experiencing system bottlenecks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which file is suggested to be moved to improve the allocation of RAM?

    <p>pagefile.sys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To resolve a hardware bottleneck, what component should be checked?

    <p>Any component identified as low on system resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command provides the process identifier (PID) of running processes?

    <p>tasklist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the taskkill command?

    <p>To end a process using its PID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What parameter is used with taskkill to forcefully end a process?

    <p>/f</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an application locks up and Task Manager can't end the process, what should be utilized next?

    <p>tasklist and taskkill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command should be entered first to see the list of running processes?

    <p>tasklist | more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tab in Task Manager should be accessed first to change an application's priority level?

    <p>Processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the priority changes you make to an application's priority level when the session ends?

    <p>They reset to the default priority level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two higher priority levels you can set for an application in Task Manager?

    <p>Above normal and High</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action follows selecting 'Go to details' for a program in the Processes tab?

    <p>Right-click the program and select 'Set priority'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might you want to change an application's priority level in Task Manager?

    <p>To adjust the application's position in the queue for CPU resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if a required service fails to start?

    <p>Ensure it is set to Automatic or Manual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to open the Services console?

    <p>services.msc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you find the option to stop or restart a service?

    <p>Right-click the service and use the shortcut menu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you click if the Extended tab is not selected at the bottom of the Services console window?

    <p>Click the Extended tab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can additional information about a service be accessed?

    <p>Right-click its name and select Properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the relationship between a file extension and the application that opens it?

    <p>File association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a solution when Windows cannot determine the correct application to open a file?

    <p>Change the file association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If Windows displays an error message when attempting to open a file, what is the most likely cause?

    <p>Windows does not know which application to use to open the file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the application that is associated with a specific file extension?

    <p>Default program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about file associations in Windows?

    <p>They help Windows determine which application to use to open a file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do first if an error message appears about a missing DLL?

    <p>Reinstall the application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool can be used to register components in case of a broken relationship between the main program and the component?

    <p>Component Services (COM+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you find the option to open Component Services?

    <p>Control Panel &gt; Administrative Tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What file extension do small component services that serve the main program often have?

    <p>.DLL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if reinstalling the application does not resolve the missing DLL error?

    <p>Recover the DLL from backup or installation files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of the Component Services window shown in Figure 5-37?

    <p>To register components used by an application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is likely required if a DLL is missing or a component is not registered in Windows?

    <p>Register the component using the Component Services window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of application support, what does the acronym 'COM' stand for as seen in the Component Services window?

    <p>Component Object Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would an application fail to start due to a component not being registered?

    <p>The application could not find the necessary components to operate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the 'Component Services' tool in troubleshooting application errors?

    <p>Registering and managing components to ensure applications run correctly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should you do if an application stops working after the OS has been upgraded?

    <p>Run the application as an administrator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the steps you should take if an older application is not working on a new version of Windows?

    <p>Consider compatibility problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an application has never worked after installation, what could be a useful step to troubleshoot?

    <p>Update Windows and search the web</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can help verify the legitimacy of an application?

    <p>Verifying that the application is digitally signed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a potential reason for an application to stop working after upgrading the OS?

    <p>Incompatibility issues with the new OS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a user do to execute a program as an administrator in Windows?

    <p>Right-click the program icon and select 'Run as administrator'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a program not work if it is not run with administrative privileges?

    <p>The user might not have the necessary permissions for the program to function properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which directory is eudora.exe being executed from in the image?

    <p>C:\Program Files (x86)\Qualcomm\Eudora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'Run as administrator' option in Windows?

    <p>To execute the program with administrative privileges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason to use the 'Run as administrator' option when executing a program?

    <p>To ensure the program has the necessary permissions to access system resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is likely the reason the program Eudora.exe is not working?

    <p>The user does not have necessary administrative privileges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is the user taking to attempt to run the program Eudora.exe with administrative privileges?

    <p>Selecting 'Run as administrator' from the context menu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which directory is the user trying to execute the program Eudora.exe?

    <p>C:\Program Files (x86)\Qualcomm\Eudora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of selecting 'Run as administrator' for a program in Windows?

    <p>It allows the program to access restricted files and features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of document is the image likely sourced from?

    <p>A textbook on operating systems and security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)?

    <p>To provide access to a database and include the drivers required for interfacing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you configure the ODBC data source for Microsoft SQL Server on a Windows machine?

    <p>In the Administrative Tools group of Control Panel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done before you can use the ODBC Data Sources tool to configure a data source for Microsoft SQL Server?

    <p>Install drivers for Microsoft SQL Server on the local computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is used to manage data sources that provide access to databases via ODBC on a Windows computer?

    <p>ODBC Data Sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Installing which type of driver is necessary for setting up an ODBC data source for Microsoft SQL Server?

    <p>Database driver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is typically used to uninstall an application on a Windows system?

    <p>Programs and Features window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When an application's uninstall routine is corrupted, what might you need to use to remove it manually?

    <p>Windows Registry Editor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would you need to use the Windows Registry Editor?

    <p>To manually uninstall an application with a corrupted uninstall routine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the executable file for the Windows Registry Editor?

    <p>regedit.exe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a correct use of the Programs and Features window?

    <p>Installing new applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #Which of the following is NOT a file used to build the Windows registry?

    <p>CONFIG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structure type of the Windows registry?

    <p>Hierarchical database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the Windows registry built in memory?

    <p>At startup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which registry hive contains configuration information for the accounts and passwords?

    <p>SAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information is NOT stored in the Windows registry?

    <p>File contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which registry key contains data about all users?

    <p>HKEY_USERS (HKU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which registry key is used to determine which application opens a specific file type?

    <p>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT (HKCR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which registry key contains data about the current user only?

    <p>HKEY_CURRENT_USER (HKCU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which registry key is responsible for storing hardware, software, and security data?

    <p>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE (HKLM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which registry key is used to identify each hardware device?

    <p>HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG (HKCC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method to back up the registry prior to editing?

    <p>Use System Protection to create a restore point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an alternative to backing up the entire registry?

    <p>Back up a single registry key</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which folder should be copied to create an extra backup of the registry?

    <p>C:\Windows\System32\config</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done just before editing a registry key to ensure safety?

    <p>Back up the single registry key</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended way to back up the registry without affecting the entire system?

    <p>Back up and edit individual keys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the five main keys in the Registry Editor?

    <p>HKEY_USER_CONFIG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subkey is not a part of the Registry Editor structure?

    <p>USERS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What value denotes the default key in the Registry Editor?

    <p>(Default)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of data you might find in the Registry Editor?

    <p>REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services...</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subkey has the sub-subkeys PointerClass, Sesi, and SynTP?

    <p>KeyboardClass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which main key typically contains information about the current user?

    <p>HKEY_CURRENT_USER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in manually removing software?

    <p>Try program's uninstall routine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action should be taken last when manually removing software?

    <p>Remove any entries that launch processes at startup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following steps is necessary to delete after uninstalling a program?

    <p>Both program files and registry entries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason to manually remove software?

    <p>The program refuses to uninstall through normal means</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When manually removing software, which type of entries needs to be edited to remove processes that launch at startup?

    <p>Registry entries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you first try the uninstall routine for removing software?

    <p>From the Windows Programs and Features window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you receive a message that a program is in use while trying to delete it, what should you do?

    <p>Stop the program using Task Manager</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which folder should you look in to find the program files for deletion?

    <p>C:/Program Files or C:/Program Files (x86)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the uninstall routine be launched in Windows 10/7 and Windows 8?

    <p>From the Start menu or Start screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #What is the name of the folder mentioned for deletion to manually remove software?

    <p>RegServe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial precaution to take before deleting registry entries?

    <p>Back up the registry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool can you use to identify how a program starts up during system boot?

    <p>System Configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an orphaned entry in the context of startup processes?

    <p>A startup entry without an associated program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT mentioned for deleting a startup entry?

    <p>Using the Disk Management tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step involves restarting the system to check for startup errors?

    <p>Removing startup processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which registry key under the 'Uninstall' key is highlighted for deletion in the image?

    <p>RegServe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the 'NoRepair' value set to 0x00000001 (1) in the Registry Editor?

    <p>The software cannot be repaired.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which value indicates the location of the uninstall executable for RegServe?

    <p>DisplayIcon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What company is listed as the publisher for the RegServe software?

    <p>Xienix Inc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following values is NOT listed in the right pane for the RegServe key?

    <p>InstallDate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you access the display settings from the desktop?

    <p>By right-clicking the desktop and selecting Display settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action when adjusting screen resolution?

    <p>Select the highest or recommended resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the refresh rate of a monitor defined?

    <p>The number of times a monitor refreshes the screen in one second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tab do you select under Display adapter properties to change the refresh rate?

    <p>Monitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dragging the monitor boxes in a dual-monitor setup?

    <p>To configure the display order and relative position of each monitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does color depth refer to?

    <p>Accurate color representation on a monitor screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    #Which tool can be used to diagnose problems with DirectX?

    <p>dxdiag.exe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action helps to achieve optimum color depth on a monitor?

    <p>Downloading and applying a color profile from the monitor manufacturer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DirectX is primarily used for which purpose?

    <p>Developing multimedia applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command would you use to display information about hardware related to DirectX?

    <p>dxdiag.exe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tab would you navigate to in the Color Management window to add or remove color profiles?

    <p>Devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the filename for the profile labeled 'Acer H233H (default)' in the Color Management window?

    <p>H233H.icm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What setting must be enabled to use the specific color settings for a device listed in the Color Management window?

    <p>Use my settings for this device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which button should be clicked to apply the selected color profile as the default in the Color Management window?

    <p>Set as Default Profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you find more information about color management settings in the Color Management window?

    <p>Understanding color management settings (link)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can the Print Management console be found in Windows professional and business editions?

    <p>In the Control Panel under Administrative Tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Print Management console?

    <p>To monitor and manage printer queues for all printers on the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of computer on a network is considered a print server?

    <p>A computer that shares its printer to other computers on the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Windows editions offer the Print Management console?

    <p>Professional and Business</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the command to open the Print Management console?

    <p>printmanagement.msc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following steps should be taken first when troubleshooting a network with no connectivity?

    <p>Verify that the network cable is securely connected and not damaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should you take if a computer is not receiving a unique IP address from the router?

    <p>Verify the TCP/IP configuration and ensure it is set to obtain an IP address automatically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool on the computer should be used to disable and enable the network adapter?

    <p>Device Manager</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which commands can be used to refresh the IP address of a network adapter?

    <p><code>ipconfig /release</code> and <code>ipconfig /renew</code></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What step can be taken to verify the network adapter is functioning properly?

    <p>Update device drivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is recommended first when the local network has no connectivity?

    <p>Reset the modem and router</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you check if a laptop is not connecting to a wireless network?

    <p>If the wireless switch is turned on</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common step to address network connectivity issues on a wireless device?

    <p>Disconnect and reconnect to the wireless network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a potential issue if a wireless network connection is weak?

    <p>The device is too far from the access point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should you check the MAC address settings on a router?

    <p>To confirm that the computer's MAC address is allowed on the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command should you use to eliminate DNS as the problem when troubleshooting Internet connectivity?

    <p>ping <a href="http://www.cengage.com">www.cengage.com</a></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if you can access local network resources but do not have internet connectivity?

    <p>Contact your ISP and ask them to reset the connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command would help identify the path taken to reach a specific website if you are unable to access it?

    <p>tracert <a href="http://www.cengage.com">www.cengage.com</a></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible indication if the ping www.cengage.com command returns 'destination host unreachable'?

    <p>The local network has no connectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of contacting your ISP if only the local network resources are accessible?

    <p>To reset the connection at their end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Windows tool is used to manage other Windows tools and includes features like disk management and services management?

    <p>Computer Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Reliability Monitor in Windows?

    <p>Log errors and events related to system stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is specifically designed to handle and configure Windows services?

    <p>Services console</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool can be used to revert the system to a previous state after an issue is encountered?

    <p>System Restore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool can monitor and report on the performance of the Windows operating system in real-time?

    <p>Performance Monitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is used to solve issues with an unregistered component or missing DLL?

    <p>Component Services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you use if an application fails to uninstall?

    <p>Registry Editor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool can change the priority level to improve application performance?

    <p>Task Manager</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tools should be used for solving problems with hardware?

    <p>Disk Defragmenter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which console is used to change the way a background service is started?

    <p>Services console</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before editing registry keys, what important step must you take?

    <p>Back up registry keys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to determine the version of DirectX installed on a system?

    <p>dxdiag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To resolve limited network connectivity issues, which of the following is NOT typically considered?

    <p>BIOS settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which utility helps manage network printers and their connections with workstations?

    <p>Print Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which display setting is NOT adjusted using Display settings?

    <p>Contrast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Windows Shell

    • Relates to users and applications
    • Provides tools like File Explorer and Windows desktop
    • Operates in user mode, having limited access to system information
    • Composed of subsystems that interact with users and applications

    Windows Kernel

    • Interacts with hardware and is the "core" of the OS
    • Comprises two main components:
      • HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer): the layer closest to hardware
      • Executive Services Interface: operates between user mode subsystems and the HAL

    Operating System Organization

    • The operating system acts as an intermediary between the user and hardware components.

    Top Level

    • The user interacts with the operating system using applications.
    • Applications provide a way for users to perform specific tasks and interact with the operating system.
    • User Interface Tools, which are part of the operating system, allow users to interact with the system.

    Operating System

    • The operating system contains configuration data, including the registry and configuration files, which enable it to run.
    • The Shell provides a command-line interface for the user and contains:
      • Win32 Subsystem, which handles Windows 32-bit programs.
      • Win32 Security Subsystem, which is responsible for security.
      • Other Subsystems, which handle various tasks.
    • The Kernel is responsible for:
      • Executive Services, which manage the system's resources.
      • Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL), which manages interactions with the hardware.

    Lowest Level

    • The hardware level consists of the computer's physical components, including the keyboard, mouse, printer, and monitor.

    User Profile Namespace

    • A user profile is created when a user first signs in to Windows, consisting of a user folder with subfolders and a hidden file called NTUSER.DAT.
    • NTUSER.DAT contains user settings and is stored in the C:\Users\username folder.

    Program Files

    • Program files are stored in C:\Program Files.
    • In 64-bit versions of Windows, 64-bit programs are stored in C:\Program Files.
    • In 64-bit versions of Windows, 32-bit programs are stored in C:\Program Files (x86).

    Windows Data Storage

    • Windows uses a database called the registry to store: • Hardware and software configuration information • User preferences • Application settings
    • In addition to the registry, Windows also stores data in initialization files (text files)

    Important Folder Locations

    • Registry location: C:\Windows\System32\config folder
    • Registry backup: C:\Windows\System32\config\RegBack folder
    • Fonts: C:\Windows\Fonts folder
    • Temporary files: C:\Windows\Temp folder
    • Offline files: C:\Windows\CSC folder

    Process Management

    • A process is a program running under the authority of the shell, accompanied by assigned system resources.
    • A process can make requests for resources to the Win32 subsystem, which are known as threads.
    • A thread is a single task, such as printing a file, that the process requests from the kernel.
    • A process is sometimes referred to as an instance.
    • A process with multiple threads is referred to as multithreading.

    Troubleshooting Steps

    • Start troubleshooting when the user is available.
    • Conduct an interview with the user to gather information.
    • Back up data as a precautionary measure.
    • Ask the user to recreate the problem while being observed.
    • Attempt a reboot as a potential solution.

    Troubleshooting Tools

    • Use Event Viewer to identify clues about:
      • Hardware or network failure
      • OS error messages
      • Device or service that has failed to start
      • General protection faults
    • Use Reliability Monitor to diagnose errors with:
      • Applications
      • Key hardware components (e.g. hard drive)

    Important Logs

    • Administrative Events log
    • Application log
    • Security log
    • Setup log
    • System log
    • Forwarded Events log

    Troubleshooting Strategies

    • Utilize the Troubleshooting Applet and Device Manager to identify and resolve issues
    • Drill down into a specific category in the Device Manager to access Windows' problem-solving tools
    • Check Device Manager when encountering hardware-related problems
    • Uninstalling and reinstalling a device may resolve the issue

    Seeking Help Online

    • Search for error messages or problem descriptions on the web to find solutions
    • Use the "site:microsoft.com" keyword at the end of the search query to target Microsoft websites
    • Look for online forums where others have posted similar issues with the same app or device

    Troubleshooting Computer Problems

    • The Troubleshooting applet can be used to automatically troubleshoot and fix common computer problems.
    • The applet can be accessed by clicking on a task or by searching for specific categories or keywords.

    Troubleshooting Categories

    • Programs: run programs made for previous versions of Windows
    • Hardware and Sound:
      • configure a device
      • use a printer
      • troubleshoot audio recording
      • troubleshoot audio playback
    • Network and Internet:
      • connect to the Internet
      • access shared files and folders on other computers
    • System and Security:
      • fix problems with Windows Update
      • run maintenance tasks
      • improve power usage

    Troubleshooting Application Issues

    • When faced with general problems with applications, consider the possibility of data corruption
    • Check application settings and logs for errors to identify the root cause of the issue
    • Attempt to repair the application as a potential solution
    • Uninstall and reinstall the application as a last resort

    Identify Potential Causes of System Malfunction

    • Malware could be the culprit, so scan the system using up-to-date anti-malware software
    • Faulty memory might be the issue, so run the Windows Memory Diagnostics tool using the mdsched.exe command or by booting from Windows setup media

    Troubleshoot Hard Drive Issues

    • Use the chkdsk c: /r command to search for bad sectors on a volume and recover data from them if possible
    • Check Event Viewer for warnings or errors related to the hard drive to identify potential issues

    Managing System Resources

    • Low system resources can be a concern, and Task Manager can help identify the cause
    • Task Manager can be accessed through various methods:
      • Pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del
      • Pressing Ctrl+Shift+Esc
      • For Windows 10/8, pressing Win+X and clicking Task Manager in the Quick Launch menu
      • For Windows 7, clicking Start, entering taskmgr.exe in the search box, and pressing Enter

    System Resources and Task Manager

    • The Task Manager is divided into several tabs that provide information about system resources and performance.
    • The tabs in Task Manager include:
      • Processes tab and Details tab
      • Performance tab
      • App history tab
      • Startup tab
      • Users tab
      • Service tab

    Eliminating Conflicts with Other Software

    • Incompatible applications or third-party services can cause problems, so it's essential to identify and eliminate conflicts.
    • To do this, perform a clean boot, which prevents third-party software from starting during boot-up.
    • A clean boot can be achieved using System Configuration and Task Manager.

    Identifying Conflicting Software

    • If a clean boot allows the problematic application to run without errors, it indicates a conflict with third-party software.
    • Systematically isolate and identify the specific third-party software causing the conflict.

    Troubleshooting Windows Issues

    • Windows system files may be missing or corrupted, causing application or device problems

    Updating Windows

    • Ensure all critical and important Windows updates are installed to resolve issues

    System File Checker (SFC)

    • Verify and replace system files using SFC
    • Open an elevated command prompt window and enter the sfc /scannow command

    DISM Repairs

    • Use DISM commands to repair an existing Windows installation
    • Try SFC first, and if that doesn't work, turn to DISM

    Troubleshooting Windows Issues

    • When troubleshooting, consider that Windows might be the problem.

    Using DISM to Repair System Files

    • DISM (Deployment Image Servicing and Management) can be used to repair system files.
    • Useful DISM commands include:
      • dism /online /cleanup-image /scanhealth for scanning health of the system.
      • dism /online /cleanup-image /checkhealth for checking health of the system.
      • dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth for restoring health of the system.
      • dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth /source: install.wim /limitaccess for restoring health of the system from a specific source.

    Booting Windows in Safe Mode

    • Booting Windows in Safe Mode loads Windows with a minimum configuration.
    • Safe Mode can create a stable environment when Windows gets corrupted.

    System Restore

    • Use System Restore if you know the approximate date the error started
    • Key points to consider when using System Restore:
      • It might make many changes to a system
      • It won't help if you don't have restore points to use
      • It can replace certain keys in the registry, but cannot completely rebuild a totally corrupted registry
      • It cannot remove a virus or worm infection
      • It might create a new problem
    • Important notes about restore points:
      • They are kept in a hidden folder on the hard drive
      • Viruses and other malware can hide in restore points
    • If Windows won't start, you can launch System Restore using startup recovery tools

    System Restore

    • Helps fix problems causing slow computer performance or unresponsiveness
    • Does not affect personal data (documents, pictures, etc.)
    • May uninstall recently installed programs and drivers
    • Undoes the most recent update, driver, or software installation
    • Use if you think it's causing problems
    • Example: Restore point "Install: Windows Modules Installer" on 8/7/2018 11:46:09 AM

    Step 4: Consider Outside Interference

    • Malware: scan the system using up-to-date anti-malware software
    • Faulty Memory: start the Windows Memory Diagnostics tool using mdsched.exe command or by booting from Windows setup media
    • Corrupted Hard Drive: use chkdsk c: /r command to check for bad sectors and recover data; also check Event Viewer for warnings or errors

    Step 4: Consider Outside Interference (continued)

    • Low on System Resources: use Task Manager to verify process usage; access Task Manager using:
      • Ctrl+Alt+Del
      • Ctrl+Shift+Esc
      • Win+X and click Task Manager in the Quick Launch menu (Windows 10/8)
      • Start, enter taskmgr.exe in the search box and press Enter (Windows 7)
    • Task Manager tabs: Processes, Details, Performance, App history, Startup, Users, and Services

    Step 4: Consider Outside Interference (continued)

    • Incompatible Applications or Third-Party Services: run the application in a clean boot to eliminate conflicts; use System Configuration and Task Manager to do so

    Step 5: Consider That Windows Might Be the Problem

    • Windows system files: update Windows, use System File Checker (sfc /scannow) and DISM commands to repair system files
    • DISM commands:
      • dism /online /cleanup-image /scanhealth
      • dism /online /cleanup-image /checkhealth
      • dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth
      • dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth /source: install.wim /limitaccess
    • Safe Mode: boot Windows in Safe Mode to load with a minimum configuration

    Step 5: Consider That Windows Might Be the Problem (continued)

    • System Restore: use System Restore to revert to a previous point in time; points to keep in mind:
      • System Restore might make many changes to a system
      • System Restore won't help if there are no restore points
      • Restore points replace certain keys in the registry but cannot completely rebuild a corrupted registry

    Step 5: Consider That Windows Might Be the Problem (continued)

    • System Restore: does not affect personal data, but may uninstall recently installed programs and drivers; recommended restore option: select the most recent update, driver, or software installation if it's causing problems

    Operating System Structure

    • User: interacts with the OS using applications
    • Applications: provide a way for users to interact with the OS and perform specific tasks
    • User Interface Tools: allow users to interact with the system, part of the OS
    • Operating System:
      • Configuration Data: includes registry and configuration files
      • Shell: provides a command-line interface, made up of subsystems that operate in user mode
      • Kernel: interacts with hardware, has two main components: Executive services and HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer)

    Directory Structures

    • User Profile Namespace: created when a user signs in to Windows, consists of a user folder and NTUSER.DAT file
    • Program Files: stored in C:\Program Files (64-bit) and C:\Program Files (x86) (32-bit)
    • Folders for Windows Data: registry location (C:\Windows\System32\config), backup of the registry (C:\Windows\System32\config\RegBack), and others

    How Windows Manages Applications

    • Process: a program running under the authority of the shell, with assigned system resources
    • Thread: a single task requested by a process from the kernel; multithreading: a process with multiple threads

    Benchmarking Windows Startup

    • Measure normal startup time from power button press to wait icon disappearance on Windows desktop using a stopwatch
    • Perform a clean boot, following earlier chapter steps, to compare startup time with a normal startup
    • No significant difference in startup times implies startup processes are not the problem's source
    • Significant difference in startup times warrants reduction of Windows startup to essentials, following chapter steps

    Troubleshooting Windows

    • Step 4: Consider Outside Interference
      • Malware: scan the system using up-to-date anti-malware software
      • Faulty Memory: use the Windows Memory Diagnostics tool to check for memory issues
      • Corrupted Hard Drive: use the chkdsk c: /r command to check for bad sectors and recover data
    • Low on System Resources
      • Use Task Manager to verify if a process is using excessive system resources
      • Access Task Manager using various methods (Ctrl+Alt+Del, Ctrl+Shift+Esc, etc.)
      • Tabs in Task Manager include: Processes, Performance, App history, Startup, Users, and Services
    • Incompatible Applications or Third-Party Services
      • Run the application in question after a clean boot to eliminate conflicts
      • Use System Configuration and Task Manager to perform a clean boot

    Windows System Files and Repair

    • Step 5: Consider That Windows Might Be the Problem
      • Update Windows: ensure all critical and important updates are installed
      • Use System File Checker (SFC): verify and replace system files using the sfc /scannow command
      • Use DISM to repair system files: try SFC first, then use DISM commands (dism /online /cleanup-image /scanhealth, etc.)
      • Boot Windows in Safe Mode: loads Windows with a minimum configuration for a stable environment
      • Use System Restore: restore system to a previous point in time, but be aware of limitations and considerations

    Operating System Organization

    • Inside an Operating System
      • The operating system sits between the user and the hardware
      • Top level: User, Applications, and User Interface Tools
      • Operating System: Configuration Data, Shell, and Kernel
      • Lowest level: Hardware

    Shell and Kernel

    • The Shell
      • Provides a command-line interface for the user
      • Made up of subsystems that operate in user mode
      • Limited access to system information
    • The Kernel
      • Responsible for interacting with hardware
      • Known as the "core" of the OS
      • Has two main components: HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer) and Executive Services Interface

    Directory Structures

    • User Profile Namespace
      • A user folder and its subfolders
      • NTUSER.DAT file containing user settings
    • Program Files
      • 64-bit programs are stored in C:\Program Files, 32-bit programs are stored in C:\Program Files (x86)
    • Folders for Windows Data
      • Registry location: C:\Windows\System32\config folder
      • Backup of the registry: C:\Windows\System32\config\RegBack

    Processes and Threads

    • A process is a program that is running under the authority of the shell
      • A process with more than one thread is called multithreading
      • A thread is a single task requested by the process from the kernel

    Routine Maintenance Tasks

    • Verify critical Windows settings to ensure system stability and security
    • Uninstall software you no longer need to free up space and improve system performance
    • Optimize the hard drive to improve data access and storage capacity

    Investigating Startup Programs

    • Tools to help search for unnecessary startup programs include System Configuration (msconfig.exe), startup folders, and Task Manager.
    • The Startup tab in Windows 10/8 Task Manager or Windows 7 System Configuration displays a list of startup items.
    • Look for specific startup programs you don’t want to run at startup.
    • Temporarily disable a startup entry to test whether it causes problems or improves performance.
    • Task Manager's Processes tab displays currently running processes.
    • Researching startup processes can help identify unnecessary programs.

    Checking for Unwanted Scheduled Tasks

    • Applications often schedule tasks to check for and download program updates during installation
    • Malware can disguise itself as a scheduled task to remain hidden
    • Uninstalling the software responsible for a task is the best way to remove it

    Task Scheduler Window

    • Search through tasks to identify unnecessary or problematic ones
    • Decide whether to uninstall the associated software or disable the task

    Checking for Low System Resources

    • To identify bottlenecks, follow the "Low on System Resources" section's directions to inspect hardware components.
    • The virtual memory file (pagefile.sys) can be moved to improve performance.

    Optimizing Virtual Memory

    • Windows uses the virtual memory file (pagefile.sys) to supplement RAM.
    • Moving the virtual memory file to another volume on the same hard drive or to a different hard drive can enhance performance.

    Troubleshooting Application Hangs

    • When an application freezes, use Task Manager to attempt to end it

    Using Tasklist and Taskkill Commands

    • Use the tasklist command to retrieve the process identifier (PID) of the hung application
    • The taskkill command uses the PID to forcibly terminate the process
    • To use the commands, follow these steps:
      • Start the application (e.g., Notepad)
      • Run tasklist | more to view a list of running processes and note the PID of the application (e.g., Notepad's PID is 7132)
      • Enter taskkill /f /pid:7132 to forcefully kill the process

    Application Priority Level

    • Each application on a computer has a priority level, determining its position in the queue for CPU resources.
    • The priority level of an already open application can be changed using Task Manager.

    Changing Priority Level in Task Manager

    • To change the priority level, navigate to the Processes tab in Task Manager.
    • Right-click the application, then click Go to details.
    • On the Details tab, right-click the selected program, point to Set priority, and choose a new priority.
    • Options for new priority include Above normal or High.

    Priority Level Changes

    • Changes to an application's priority level only affect the current session.

    Service Start Issues

    • An application fails to function when it relies on a background service that has not started successfully.

    Managing Services

    • Open the Services console by entering the services.msc command.
    • Ensure the Extended tab is selected at the bottom of the window to access additional features.

    Service Properties and Control

    • Right-click a service to access its Properties and stop or restart the service.
    • Use the Properties menu to obtain more information about a service.

    Troubleshooting Service Start Issues

    • Verify that the required service has an Automatic or Manual start setting.
    • Try stopping and restarting a service to resolve issues.
    • Use the Services console to monitor and control service startup.

    File Associations in Windows

    • Windows uses file extensions to associate a data file with an application used to open it
    • This association is referred to as a file association
    • The program associated with a file extension is called a default program
    • When a file extension is not associated with a program, Windows displays an error message
    • To resolve the issue, change the file association for the data file's file extension

    Application Components

    • Applications consist of multiple small programs called components that serve the main program
    • These components often have a .DLL extension (Dynamic Link Library)

    Missing DLL Error

    • Error message appears when a component is missing
    • Solutions to resolve the issue:
    • Reinstall the application
    • Recover the missing component from backup or from the application installation files

    Registering Components

    • The relationship between the main program and the component might be broken
    • Use Component Services (COM+) in the Administrative Tools group to register components
    • To access Component Services:
    • Open Control Panel
    • Click Administrative Tools
    • Double-click Component Services

    Troubleshooting Windows

    Step 4: Consider Outside Interference

    • Check for malware using up-to-date anti-malware software
    • Use Windows Memory Diagnostics tool to check for faulty memory
    • Check hard drive for corruption using chkdsk c: /r command
    • Check Event Viewer for warnings or errors regarding the hard drive

    Low on System Resources

    • Use Task Manager to verify if a process is using excessive system resources
    • Ways to access Task Manager:
      • Press Ctrl+Alt+Del
      • Press Ctrl+Shift+Esc
      • Press Win+X and click Task Manager (Windows 10/8)
      • Click Start, enter taskmgr.exe in search box and press Enter (Windows 7)
    • Tabs in Task Manager:
      • Processes tab
      • Performance tab
      • App history tab
      • Startup tab
      • Users tab
      • Service tab

    Incompatible Applications or Third-Party Services

    • Run application causing problems in clean boot mode to eliminate conflicts
    • Use System Configuration and Task Manager to perform clean boot
    • If clean boot allows application to run without errors, zero in on third-party software in conflict

    Step 5: Consider That Windows Might Be the Problem

    An Application or Device Might be Giving Problems Because Windows System Files are Missing or Corrupted

    • Update Windows to ensure all critical and important updates are installed
    • Use System File Checker (sfc /scannow command) to verify and replace system files
    • Use DISM to repair an existing Windows installation
    • Some useful DISM commands:
      • dism /online /cleanup-image /scanhealth
      • dism /online /cleanup-image /checkhealth
      • dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth
      • dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth /source: install.wim /limitaccess

    Boot Windows in Safe Mode

    • Safe Mode loads Windows with a minimum configuration to create a stable environment
    • Use System Restore if you know the approximate date the error started
    • Points to keep in mind when using System Restore:
      • System Restore might make many changes to the system
      • System Restore won't help if you don't have restore points to use
      • Restore points replace certain keys in the registry but cannot completely rebuild a corrupted registry
      • System Restore cannot remove virus or worm infections
      • System Restore might create new problems
      • Restore points are kept in a hidden folder on the hard drive
      • Viruses and other malware sometimes hide in restore points

    Slow Startup and Slow Performance

    Step 1: Observe Startup

    • Use a stopwatch to time a normal startup and a clean boot startup to compare
    • Follow steps given earlier in the chapter to set up a clean boot

    Step 2: Back Up User Data

    • Back up valuable data before applying fixes

    Step 3: Perform Routine Maintenance

    • Perform routine maintenance tasks:
      • Verify critical Windows settings
      • Uninstall software you no longer need and optimize the hard drive

    Application Hangs

    • Use Task Manager to end an application that has locked up
    • Use tasklist and taskkill commands to end a process:
      • Tasklist command returns the process identifier (PID)
      • Taskkill command uses the process ID to kill the process

    Slow-Performing Application

    • Each application running on your computer is assigned a priority level that determines its position in the queue for CPU resources
    • Use Task Manager to change the priority level for an application that is already open

    Missing DLL or Component Not Registered

    • Reinstall the application or recover it from backup or installation files
    • Use Component Services (COM+) to register components
    • Open Component Services window to register components used by an application

    Service Fails to Start

    • Use services.msc command to open the Services console
    • Make sure the service an application requires has started
    • If the service has failed to start, make sure it has an Automatic or Manual setting
    • Stop or restart the service if necessary

    File Fails to Open

    • Windows depends on the file extension to associate a data file with an application used to open it
    • Solution: change the file association for the data file's file extension

    Troubleshooting Application Issues

    • If an application has never worked or stopped working after an OS upgrade, try updating Windows and searching online for solutions.
    • Run the installation program or application as an administrator to resolve potential permission issues.
    • Be aware that older applications might have compatibility problems with the new Windows version.
    • Check if the application is digitally signed to ensure its authenticity and reliability.

    Running a Program with Administrative Privileges

    • A user is trying to execute the program Eudora.exe located in the C:\Program Files (x86)\Qualcomm\Eudora directory using Windows Explorer.
    • The program may not work due to insufficient administrative privileges.
    • The user attempts to run the program as an administrator by right-clicking on the file and selecting "Run as administrator" from the context menu.

    Common Issues with Program Execution

    • Lack of administrative privileges can prevent a program from running.
    • Running a program as an administrator can resolve issues related to insufficient privileges.

    Running a Program with Administrative Privileges

    • A user is trying to execute the program Eudora.exe located in the C:\Program Files (x86)\Qualcomm\Eudora directory using Windows Explorer.
    • The program may not work due to insufficient administrative privileges.
    • The user attempts to run the program as an administrator by right-clicking on the file and selecting "Run as administrator" from the context menu.

    Common Issues with Program Execution

    • Lack of administrative privileges can prevent a program from running.
    • Running a program as an administrator can resolve issues related to insufficient privileges.

    ODBC Data Sources

    • Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a technology used to create a data source.
    • A data source provides access to a database and includes the necessary drivers to interface between Access and the data.
    • To use a data source, drivers for Microsoft SQL Server must be installed on the local computer.
    • The ODBC Data Sources tool is used to configure the data source.
    • The ODBC Data Sources tool is located in the Administrative tools group of Control Panel.

    Uninstalling Applications

    • The Programs and Features window is typically used to uninstall applications

    Uninstall Issues

    • Corrupted uninstall routines may prevent an application from uninstalling properly
    • Manual uninstallation is required in such cases

    Manual Uninstallation

    • Knowledge of the Windows Registry Editor (regedit.exe) is necessary for manual uninstallation

    Registry Editor

    • Changes to the registry involve adding or removing keys and their values, or editing existing key values

    Registry Organization

    • The registry is a hierarchical database with a treelike structure
    • It stores configuration information for Windows, users, software applications, and installed hardware devices
    • The registry is built in memory at startup, using current hardware configuration and information from files

    Registry Files (Hives)

    • Five files are used to build the registry, known as hives
    • The hives include:
      • SAM (Security Accounts Manager)
      • SECURITY
      • SOFTWARE
      • SYSTEM
      • DEFAULT

    Registry Organization

    • The Registry is organized into five high-level keys.
    • Each key can have subkeys.

    Five High-Level Keys

    • HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE (HKLM): Contains hardware, software, and security data.
    • HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG (HKCC): Used to identify each hardware device.
    • HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT (HKCR): Determines which application opens a file.
    • HKEY_USERS (HKU): Contains data about all users.
    • HKEY_CURRENT_USER (HKCU): Contains data about the current user.

    Registry Backup and Editing

    • Before editing the registry, it's essential to back it up to avoid potential system crashes or data loss.
    • There are three ways to back up the registry:
      • Create a restore point using System Protection
      • Back up a single registry key just before editing the key
      • Make an extra copy of the C:\Windows\System32\config folder

    Individual Key Management

    • It's possible to back up, edit, and restore individual registry keys instead of the entire registry.

    Registry Editor

    • The Registry Editor consists of five main keys: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, HKEY_CURRENT_USER, HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, HKEY_USERS, and HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG.

    Keys and Subkeys

    • HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT is one of the five main keys in the Registry Editor.
    • Other main keys include HKEY_CURRENT_USER, HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, HKEY_USERS, and HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG.
    • Subkeys under the main keys include BCD00000000, COMPONENTS, DRIVERS, HARDWARE, ACPI, DESCRIPTION, DEVICEMAP, and more.

    Values and Data

    • Values in the Registry Editor include (Default) and DeviceKeyboardClass.
    • Data in the Registry Editor can have a value of (value not set).
    • Examples of Registry paths include REGISTRY\MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services.

    Manual Software Removal

    • Programs that refuse to uninstall or give errors during uninstallation can be manually removed as a last resort.
    • The manual removal process involves the following high-level steps:
      • Initial attempt: Try the program's built-in uninstall routine.
      • File removal: Delete the program folders and files.
      • Registry cleanup: Delete registry entries used by the software.
      • Menu cleanup: Remove entries in the Start menu and delete shortcuts.
      • Startup cleanup: Remove any entries that launch processes at startup.

    Manually Removing Software

    • To manually remove software, start by trying the uninstall routine
    • The uninstall routine can be accessed through the Windows Programs and Features window
    • Alternatively, it can be launched from the Windows 10/7 Start menu or Windows 8 Start screen

    Deleting Program Files

    • After trying the uninstall routine, look for the program folder in either C:/Program Files or C:/Program Files (x86)
    • Delete the program folder (e.g. RegServe) and all its contents
    • If you receive a message that the program is in use, use Task Manager to stop it before deletion

    Manually Removing Software

    • Before editing the registry, create a backup to avoid potential dangers.
    • Editing the registry involves following specific steps outlined in the provided text.

    Removing Program Components

    • Remove Program Shortcuts as part of the manual software removal process.

    Removing Startup Processes

    • After restarting the system, monitor for startup errors related to missing program files.
    • Use System Configuration or Task Manager to identify how the program is set to start.
    • Identify the entry point as an "orphaned entry" that needs to be deleted.
    • Remove the startup entry by editing the registry, deleting a shortcut in a startup folder, or disabling a service using the Services console.

    Manually Removing Software

    • In the Windows Registry Editor, a subkey under the Uninstall key can be selected to display its values and data in the right pane for deletion.
    • Before deletion, the user is prompted to confirm if they are sure they want to permanently delete the key and all of its subkeys.

    RegServe Key Values

    • Default Value: not set
    • DisplayIcon: points to the uninstall executable at C:\Program Files (x86)\RegServeluninstall.exe
    • DisplayName: RegServe
    • DisplayVersion: 7.1.3.9
    • NoModify: set to 0x00000001 (1)
    • NoRepair: set to 0x00000001 (1)
    • Publisher: Xienix Inc.
    • URL: www.regserve.com

    Accessing Display Settings

    • Access display settings by right-clicking the desktop and selecting "Display settings"
    • Alternative method: click "Display" in the Settings window

    Basic Display Settings

    • Adjust resolution by clicking the "Resolution" drop-down menu
    • Select the highest or recommended resolution for optimal display

    Refresh Rate

    • Refresh rate is the number of times a monitor refreshes the screen in one second
    • Set the rate by:
      • Clicking "Advanced display settings"
      • Clicking "Display adapter properties for Display"
      • Selecting the highest value available under "Screen refresh rate" in the "Monitor" tab

    Dual-Monitor Setup

    • Configure multiple displays by dragging the two monitor boxes
    • Align the boxes to represent the relative positions of each monitor

    Color Depth

    • Accurate color representation on a monitor screen is referred to as color depth
    • Color profile can be downloaded and applied from the monitor manufacturer to achieve optimum color depth on a monitor screen

    DirectX

    • DirectX is a Microsoft software development tool used by developers to create multimedia applications
    • dxdiag.exe command is used to display information about hardware and diagnose problems with DirectX

    Color Management

    • The Color Management window has three tabs: Devices, All Profiles, and Advanced.
    • The "Devices" tab lists available devices, including displays, with a checkbox to "Use my settings for this device" and an "Identify monitors" button.
    • Each device has associated profiles, with a default profile (e.g., "Acer H233H (default)" with a file name "H233H.icm").
    • The window has buttons to Add, Remove, Set as Default Profile, and access Profiles, as well as a Close button.
    • There is a link to "Understanding color management settings" for further information.

    Applying a Color Profile

    • The Color Management box is used to apply a color profile, as shown in Figure 5-54.
    • The process involves selecting a profile from the list and applying it to the device.
    • Available in Windows professional and business editions
    • Located in the Administrative Tools group of Control Panel
    • Accessed through printmanagement.msc
    • Monitors printer queues for all printers on the network
    • Manages printer queues for all printers on the network
    • Each computer on the network that shares a printer to other computers is considered a print server

    Troubleshooting Limited Connectivity

    • Check the network cable for damage and ensure it is securely connected to both the computer and router or wall jack

    Router Troubleshooting

    • Try connecting the cable to a different port on the SOHO router

    Network Adapter Troubleshooting

    • Disable and then enable the network adapter in the Device Manager
    • Update the device drivers to ensure they are current

    TCP/IP Configuration

    • Verify the TCP/IP configuration for the connection in the TCP/IP Properties box
    • Ensure the computer is obtaining a unique IP address from the router

    Network Settings Update

    • Run the command ipconfig /release to release the current IP address
    • Run the command ipconfig /renew to obtain a new IP address from the router

    Troubleshooting Limited Connectivity

    • Reset the modem and router to resolve connectivity issues.
    • Run anti-malware software to detect and remove malware that may be causing connectivity problems.

    Wireless Connection Troubleshooting

    • Ensure the wireless switch is turned on for laptop connections.
    • Disconnect and reconnect to the wireless network to reestablish a stable connection.
    • Check if the computer's MAC address is allowed on the network for MAC address filtering.
    • Verify that the wireless device is within a reasonable distance from the wireless access point to maintain a strong signal.

    Troubleshooting Limited Connectivity

    • When dealing with no internet connectivity or limited connectivity on a local network:

    Internet Connectivity Issues

    • To rule out DNS as the problem:
      • Use the command ping www.cengage.com to test connectivity
    • If unable to access a specific computer on the internet:
      • Use the tracert www.cengage.com command to diagnose the issue

    Local Network Access Issues

    • If local network resources are accessible but internet connectivity is not:
      • Contact your ISP and request they reset the connection at their end

    Windows OS Components

    • Windows OS consists of two primary components: shell and kernel

    Windows Management Tools

    • Control Panel: accesses and manages other Windows tools
    • Administrative Tools: accesses and manages other Windows tools
    • Computer Management: accesses and manages other Windows tools
    • Microsoft Management Console (MMC): accesses and manages other Windows tools

    Windows Monitoring Tools

    • Event Viewer: observes, tracks, and logs Windows, user, network, application, and hardware activities
    • Performance Monitor: observes, tracks, and logs Windows, user, network, application, and hardware activities
    • Reliability Monitor: observes, tracks, and logs Windows, user, network, application, and hardware activities
    • Resource Monitor: observes, tracks, and logs Windows, user, network, application, and hardware activities

    Windows Troubleshooting Tools

    • Task Manager: solves Windows, application, networking, and Windows user problems
    • System Configuration: solves Windows, application, networking, and Windows user problems
    • Services console: solves Windows, application, networking, and Windows user problems
    • Troubleshooting applet: solves Windows, application, networking, and Windows user problems
    • Group Policy: solves Windows, application, networking, and Windows user problems
    • Local Group Policy: solves Windows, application, networking, and Windows user problems
    • Registry Editor: solves Windows, application, networking, and Windows user problems

    Additional Windows Tools

    • System File Checker: a utility tool
    • DISM: a utility tool
    • Windows Updates: a utility tool
    • Clean Boot: a utility tool
    • Safe Mode (Safe Boot): a utility tool
    • System Restore: a utility tool

    Solving Application Errors and Crashes

    • Various tools are available to solve application errors and crashes, including Programs and Features, tasklist, taskkill, Component Services, secondary logons, Compatibility mode, digital signatures, Data Sources, and Task Scheduler
    • taskkill and tasklist commands can be used to forcefully end a hung application
    • Task Manager allows changing the priority level to improve an application's performance

    Solving Hardware Problems

    • Device Manager, Print Management, the Display applet, DxDiag, Memory Diagnostics, chkdsk, and Disk Defragmenter are tools used to solve hardware-related problems

    Managing Services and Components

    • The Services console is used to change how a background service is started
    • Component Services helps solve issues with unregistered components or missing DLLs, resulting in error messages
    • The Registry Editor may be used to manually edit the Windows registry when an application fails to uninstall

    Registry Editing

    • Backup registry keys before editing to prevent data loss and system instability

    Display Settings

    • Adjust monitor settings, including resolution, refresh rate, multiple monitor orientation, and color depth

    DirectX

    • Use the dxdiag command to determine the installed version of DirectX
    • Easily manage network printers and their connections with workstations on the network

    Network Connectivity Troubleshooting

    • Verify the following to resolve limited network connectivity problems:
      • Network cable connections
      • Network port activity
      • NIC device drivers
      • TCP/IP configuration (network settings)
      • Cable or DSL modem connectivity to the ISP
      • Wireless connectivity and access
      • DNS name resolution

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