Understanding Volcanoes
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What is the main reason why pyroclastic density currents associated with volcanic eruptions have a decreased capacity to travel away from the volcano?

  • The pyroclastic clouds contain a combination of poisonous gases and steam that can easily suffocate people.
  • The thick layers of ash often associated with tephra can impact respiratory health across a wide geographic region.
  • There are fewer solid particles, allowing the gas to dissipate more quickly. (correct)
  • The pyroclastic surge resulted in the production of a pyroclastic cloud consisting largely of superheated ash and gases.

    • Which of the following is a key difference between pyroclastic flows and tephra?

  • Pyroclastic flows are much more likely to cause death in humans due to the pyroclastic cloud, while tephra are not as dangerous.
  • Pyroclastic flows can travel at speeds of up to 450 miles per hour, while tephra can only travel as far as 50 miles away from the volcano.
  • Pyroclastic flows often contain high amounts of solid fragments, while tephra refers to large chunks of rocks and debris. (correct)
  • Pyroclastic flows are associated with poisonous gases and steam, while tephra are not associated with any hazardous materials.

    • What was a major consequence of the tephra produced during the 1815 eruption of Tambora volcano in Indonesia?

  • The tephra caused a pyroclastic surge that destroyed the city of Saint Pierre and killed over 29,000 people.
  • The tephra produced lightning strikes that killed many people in the surrounding area.
  • The tephra destroyed the vegetation on nearby islands, leading to the loss of food supplies for thousands of Indonesians. (correct)
  • The tephra led to the deaths of nearly 1,335 individuals due to the combination of toxic gases and ash ejected from the volcano.

    • What is a key characteristic of tephra that makes them extremely destructive?

    <p>Tephra can be larger than cars in size and weigh upwards of 8 to 30 tons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a pyroclastic surge event that resulted in significant loss of life?

    <p>The 1902 eruption of Mount Pelee that destroyed the city of Saint Pierre and killed more than 29,000 people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tectonic plate boundary is responsible for most of the volcanic activity on Earth?

    <p>Convergent plate boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of volcano is characterized by round, dome-like structures with gentle slopes?

    <p>Shield volcano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for molten rock that remains beneath the surface of Earth?

    <p>Magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of volcano is marked by the presence of calderas and multiple vents through which lava can flow?

    <p>Stratovolcano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides molten rock, what other types of materials can volcanoes eject?

    <p>Steam, clouds of molten ash, and super-heated rock fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a pyroclastic flow from a lava flow?

    <p>Pyroclastic flows contain more solid particles than lava flows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are pyroclastic surges able to travel at faster speeds compared to pyroclastic flows?

    <p>Pyroclastic surges have decreased density due to being largely comprised of gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed at which pyroclastic flows can move?

    <p>450 miles per hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do lava flows compare to pyroclastic flows in terms of composition?

    <p>Pyroclastic flows contain more rock fragments than lava flows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a pyroclastic surge from a pyroclastic flow?

    <p>Pyroclastic surges are composed of gases, while pyroclastic flows are solid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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