Understanding Virus Life Cycle Stages Quiz

Virus replication is typically characterized by a one-step growth curve. Latent period consists of eclipse + ______

Bacterial viruses are easiest to grow; model systems. Animal viruses (and some plant viruses) can be cultivated in tissue or ______ cultures

Titer is the number of infectious units per volume of fluid [plaque-forming units (PFU) per ______]

Plaque assay is analogous to the bacterial colony; one way to measure virus infectivity – Plaques are clear zones that develop on lawns of host cells. Each plaque results from infection by a single virus ______

Viral hosts can be classified based on the hosts they infect: Bacterial viruses, __________viruses, Animal viruse and Plant viruses

The protein shell that surrounds the genome of a virus particle is called ______

Enveloped viruses have a membrane surrounding the nucleocapsid, which is a ______ bilayer with embedded proteins

The complete complex of nucleic acid and protein packaged in the virion is known as ______

Most viruses are smaller than ______ cells, ranging from 0.02 to 0.3 µm

Phases of viral replication include: Attachment, Entry, Synthesis, Assembly, and Release of mature ______ from the host cell

The cell–phage mixture is poured onto a solidified nutrient agar plate. Mixture containing molten top agar, bacterial cells, and diluted phage suspension Nutrient agar plate. The mixture is left to solidify. Sandwich of top agar and nutrient agar Phage ______

Incubation allows for bacterial growth and phage replication. Lawn of host cells ______

Attachment of virion to host cell is highly specific – Requires complementary receptors on the surface of a susceptible host and its infecting virus. Receptors on host cell carry out normal functions for cell (e.g., uptake proteins, cell-to-cell interaction). Receptors include proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, lipids, lipoproteins, or complexes BACTERIOPHAGE RECEPTORS. Chi Flagellum Pilus M13 T1 MS2 Outer membrane Peptidoglycan ______

The attachment of a virus to its host cell results in changes to both virus and cell surface that facilitate penetration. Permissive cell: host cell that allows the complete replication cycle of a virus to occur ______

Plating efficiency is used in quantitative virology. The number of plaque-forming units is almost always lower than direct counts by electron microscopy. Inactive virions Conditions not appropriate for infectivity ______

Bacteriophage T4: virus of ______