Understanding Violence and Indigenous Peoples

What is deviance?

Why does crime receive more attention than other types of deviance?

What factor influences the fraction of crimes reported to the police?

Why is Canada's homicide rate lower compared to the United States?

What influences changes in crime statistics according to the text?

In what cases do people tend to report crimes more frequently?

What is the term used by sociologists to describe the gap between the number of crimes committed and the number of crimes punished?

What is the main reason why victimization surveys are considered a more reliable reflection of crime in society compared to reported rates?

What is 'governmentality'?

Why do some people undergo dangerous strategies like bleaching their skin or cosmetic surgery?

What factor contributes to most cultures socializing women to feel the effects of appearance norms more strongly?

Appearance deviations typically lead to which of the following?

What is the main goal behind rules like students wearing uniforms in some schools, according to the text?

How does Michel Foucault describe the internalization of rules in modern society?

Why do appearance norms influence everyone in society?

Which substance is highlighted in the text as potentially being a driver of the fentanyl crisis?

What is a key point made in the text about how society views drug abuse?

What is the main point of Stanley Cohen's concept of moral panic?

How does the text suggest that society socially invents crime and deviance?

Why does the text suggest that the media portrayal of drug addicts impacts public perception of drug abuse?

What was the main goal behind Canada's legalization, regulation, and restriction of cannabis use according to the text?

How did the growing acceptance and reduced social stigma around cannabis influence its legal status in Canada?

According to the Conflict Theory, who is more likely to be punished under criminal laws?

What is one of the main concerns regarding Indigenous peoples in Canada and the United States as mentioned in the text?

How does sociological approaches to deviance and crime differ from psychological approaches?

What is one reason mentioned in the text why people might engage in deviant behavior like stealing?

Which group is noted in the text as having the highest homicide rate among any racial and ethnic group in Canada and the United States?

How did the legalization of cannabis in Canada influence its accessibility?

What did the Cannabis Act aim to achieve by legalizing cannabis according to the text?

What is a common emotion experienced by women disclosing sexual assault, especially if the interviewing officer handles the interview poorly?

Why may a woman be victimized a third time in court according to the text?

What is one reason mentioned in the text for many sexual assault crimes going unreported?

Why may police label some sexual assault cases as 'unfounded' according to the text?

Who are more likely to be victims of sexual offences in Canada according to the text?

Which group of women is mentioned as being more likely than others to experience sexual violence in the text?

According to Robert Merton's strain theory, criminal behavior stems from:

How does feminist theory differ from conflict theory in terms of focus?

What does the text suggest about the role of crime in the context of limited opportunities?

Why do women commit certain crimes more frequently than men?

What is the significance of an intersectional approach in understanding crime among women in Canada?

Why are Indigenous women overrepresented as perpetrators of violent crime in Canada?

What do statistics suggest about female offenders in Canada over the past several decades?

In terms of criminal offenses, how do women compare to men in Canada?

What does victimization refer to according to feminist researchers?

What does the text imply about the risk of violent victimization between males and females?

What is the primary purpose of medicalizing deviance?

Sex work is considered deviant because:

How does medicalization differ in the context of cosmetic surgery compared to suicide?

Why do conflict theorists believe that sex work is often a result of inequality?

How does sex work impact the family lives of female sex workers?

What age group is most likely to start engaging in sex work?

What is the major challenge faced by many female sex workers according to the text?

What is the relationship between medicalization and cosmetic surgery?

Why does Durkheim believe that criminals and outcasts serve a purpose in society?

According to Durkheim, what term describes the state of individuals lacking clear social norms?

What does control theory propose as the reason why individuals follow societal rules?

How does Durkheim's concept of anomie relate to suicide rates according to the text?

What does the text suggest is a reason religious people are less likely to die by suicide according to Durkheim?

How does control theory explain why most people do not act on their criminal impulses?

What does subculture theory help to explain regarding violence among young males?

What role do guns play in subcultures that emphasize upholding family and personal honor?

What is one reason criminologists believe there is more fear of violent crime than the frequency justifies?

Who is more likely to commit violent crimes?

In Indigenous communities, what breakdown is mentioned as contributing to violence against Indigenous women?

'Tribal nations … had governments … they were effective.' What does this quote from Deer (2016) suggest about Indigenous societies?

'When we had investigations and prosecutions, they were very victim centered….' What was the approach towards crime in Indigenous societies according to Deer (2016)?

'Traditionally, violence against women was not tolerated in most of our indigenous societies.' What does this indicate about the cultural norms of Indigenous communities?

What is the primary role of moral entrepreneurs in identifying social problems?

What is a possible outcome when society lacks stable, nonviolent means of preserving peace?

How do sociologists view deviance and crime according to symbolic interactionism?

What does the decrease in serious crime between 2004 and 2014 mirror according to Statistics Canada?

What factor is highlighted as essential in influencing the rate of violent crime according to the text?

How does the strengthening of the state impact violence levels in society?

How do Functionalists suggest crime strengthens social cohesion?

What does Symbolic Interactionism suggest about deviance as a social accomplishment?

According to conflict theory, what is the main response to conflict, change, and inequality?

According to Hirschi's Causes of Delinquency, what is the most important factor influencing a child's involvement in crime?

What is the term used to describe the tendency of the media to grant victim status to some groups but not others?

What is a key element of the 'social bond' developed in early life that contributes to social control according to the text?

White-collar crimes are primarily motivated by:

What is one of the consequences faced by small and medium-sized American businesses due to inadequate email security?

According to Edwin Sutherland, how do people learn deviance and crime?

Professional criminals direct most of their violence towards:

What is a central idea behind labelling theory?

What is the likely outcome regarding fraud, theft, impersonation, and extortion in the future according to the text?

In symbolic interactionism, how do people learn how to take part in society?

What distinguishes corporate crime from other forms of white-collar crime mentioned in the text?

What group is often underrepresented in news coverage of crime according to the text?

What is the main focus of differential association theory according to the text?

Offshore banks are primarily used by white-collar criminals for:

How do symbolic interactionists define deviance?

Human trafficking is associated with which two types of crimes according to the text?

What do symbolic interactionists suggest is essential for framing social problems like deviance?

What is the main motivation behind most nonviolent crimes as explained in the text?

What is one key aspect of learning deviant skills according to Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory?

'Amateur crime' typically refers to crimes committed by individuals who:

'Transnational organizations such as the Mafia' are highlighted for primarily engaging in which type of profitable businesses?

What is one of the key reasons why white-collar crimes are considered a global problem according to the text?

What type of crimes are often referred to as street crimes in the text?

What technology has been developed by Clearview AI to assist law enforcement?

What is a common characteristic of street crimes as mentioned in the text?

How do small businesses differ from large companies in terms of cybercrime vulnerability?

What is a key impact of the information society on crime detection mentioned in the text?

How do property crime rates compare to violent crime rates according to Statistics Canada?

What type of criminals usually carry out street crimes according to the text?

Why are on-reserve crime rates higher compared to the rest of Canada?

Who experiences violent victimization at more than double the rate of non-Indigenous people in Canada?

What theory connects the victimization of Indigenous women to sociological concepts?

What percentage of homicide victims in Canada accounted for Indigenous people in 2015?

Why does being Indigenous remain a risk factor for violent victimization even when controlling for other risk factors?

What do statistics suggest about Indigenous women's overall violent victimization compared to non-Indigenous women?

What is the primary purpose of the Panopticon prison design according to the text?

What is one major concern raised in the text about the compulsory wearing of uniforms in institutions using bodily discipline?

What is the main focus of restorative justice as described in the text?

In a disciplinary society as mentioned in the text, where is surveillance most prevalent?

What sets restorative justice apart from traditional punitive justice systems?

How does increased surveillance in disciplinary institutions contribute to self-regulation among individuals?

What did Donald Clemmer's prisonization theory propose?

According to Michel Foucault, what is the main goal of prison?

In terms of deterrence, what is a commonly accepted purpose of prison?

What was one of the earliest forms of deterrence mentioned in the text?

Why do rehabilitation efforts focus on providing support and supervision in prisons?

What did sociologist Donald Clemmer suggest about the effect of prisonization on inmates?

What did Michel Foucault suggest is the goal of prison discipline?

Why do many prisoners end up back in prison according to the text?

According to routine activity theory, why are workplaces considered hot spots of victimization?

Under routine activity theory, what demographic group is at a higher risk of being victims of violent crime?

In routine activity theory, what are 'hot spots' mainly defined as?

What does victim precipitation theory suggest regarding victimization?

What is one characteristic that heightens one's vulnerability as a suitable target under routine activity theory?

Which demographic group mentioned in the text is identified as being at a higher risk of victimization than average?

'Total institutions' mentioned in the text are defined as places that:

'Target antagonism' in routine activity theory refers to a characteristic like:

'Target gratifiability' in routine activity theory involves a characteristic that the attacker finds appealing about the victim. Which of the following best exemplifies this concept?

How does the routine activity theory explain the victimization of Indigenous women and girls in Canada?

Why do some Indigenous women find it challenging to leave abusive spouses or report on-the-job harassment?

How do transient workers in extractive industries contribute to violence against Indigenous women and girls?

What is one impact of rotational shift work on local families according to the text?

What characteristic of workplaces contributes to the increased vulnerability of Indigenous women according to the text?

What role do extractive industries play in relation to violence against Indigenous women according to Melina Laboucan Massimo?

'Blaming the victim' often leads to individualistic explanations rather than structural ones. What does this imply regarding understanding crime and victimization?