Understanding Urine Composition and Renal Plasma Clearance
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Questions and Answers

Which structure filters blood and converts the filtrate into urine?

  • Ureters
  • Urethra
  • Kidneys (correct)
  • Urinary bladder

    • What is the function of the urinary bladder?

  • Storage of urine (correct)
  • Regulation of ion levels
  • Regulation of acid-base balance
  • Elimination of metabolic wastes

    • Which region of the kidney is the outermost region?

  • Renal Pyramids
  • Medulla
  • Renal Cortex (correct)
  • Renal Columns

    • Which of the following is a source of fluid intake?

    <p>Metabolic water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of fluid imbalance occurs when isotonic fluid loss is greater than isotonic fluid gain?

    <p>Volume depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes dehydration?

    <p>Profuse sweating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels supply blood to the glomerulus in the kidney?

    <p>Afferent arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels carry blood away from the glomerulus in the kidney?

    <p>Efferent arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product of urine formation?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the basement membrane in the glomerular filtration membrane?

    <p>Restricts passage of large plasma proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released from the parathyroid gland in response to decreased blood calcium?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone inhibits phosphate reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule and stimulates calcium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called in which energy is used to create an osmotic gradient that enables the reabsorption of water from the tubular fluid in the nephron loop?

    <p>Countercurrent multiplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance may be measured to estimate the glomerular filtration rate?

    <p>Inulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances will have a renal plasma clearance (RPC) equal to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>A substance that is neither reabsorbed nor secreted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of urine in terms of water and solutes?

    <p>5% solutes, 95% water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average volume of urine excreted per day?

    <p>1 to 2 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the female urethra?

    <p>It is lined with stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that influences Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism helps the kidney maintain a constant blood pressure and GFR despite changes in systemic arterial pressure?

    <p>Intrinsic controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of reabsorption for sodium in the nephron?

    <p>Transcellular transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much sodium is reabsorbed from the tubular fluid in the nephron?

    <p>98-100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the renal tubule is composed of simple cuboidal epithelium with tall microvilli?

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

    <p>Modulating renal vascular resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nephron is important in establishing the salt concentration gradient in the interstitial fluid (ISF)?

    <p>Juxtamedullary nephrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of principal cells in the collecting tubules and ducts?

    <p>Reabsorbing water and electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the movement of substances from the tubular fluid back into the blood?

    <p>Tubular reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the countercurrent multiplier in the kidney?

    <p>To establish a salt concentration gradient in the interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of urine in terms of water and solutes?

    <p>95% water, 5% solutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure anchors the kidney to surrounding structures?

    <p>Renal fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the renal papilla located?

    <p>Renal pyramids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the kidney is responsible for establishing the salt concentration gradient?

    <p>Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

    <p>Regulate filtration formation and systemic blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

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