Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of claim relies heavily on moral principles and subjective judgments?
Which type of claim relies heavily on moral principles and subjective judgments?
What is the primary purpose of a claim of policy?
What is the primary purpose of a claim of policy?
When defending a claim of fact, what is the importance of using 'reliable authority'?
When defending a claim of fact, what is the importance of using 'reliable authority'?
Which characteristic is crucial for a good claim to effectively engage an audience?
Which characteristic is crucial for a good claim to effectively engage an audience?
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What should a speaker do when defending a claim of value and realizing the audience has different values?
What should a speaker do when defending a claim of value and realizing the audience has different values?
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Why is it important to consider opposing arguments when defending a claim of policy?
Why is it important to consider opposing arguments when defending a claim of policy?
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Which element is critical when substantiating claims of fact to ensure the arguments are sound?
Which element is critical when substantiating claims of fact to ensure the arguments are sound?
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When arguing for a 'claim of policy', what should be done to strengthen the argument's ethical foundation?
When arguing for a 'claim of policy', what should be done to strengthen the argument's ethical foundation?
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Flashcards
Claims of Fact
Claims of Fact
Statements about conditions that have existed, exist, or will exist.
Claims of Value
Claims of Value
Value judgments based on morals and standards.
Claims of Policy
Claims of Policy
Proposals for specific actions to address issues.
Good Claims Characteristics
Good Claims Characteristics
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Defending Claims of Fact
Defending Claims of Fact
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Defending Claims of Value
Defending Claims of Value
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Defending Claims of Policy
Defending Claims of Policy
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Logical Claims
Logical Claims
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Study Notes
Types of Claims
- Claims of Fact: Refer to conditions that have existed (past), exist (present), or will exist (future). They are inferences based on data, documents, scientific observation, and research.
- Examples:
- The oldest known disease in the world is leprosy.
- Cancer is not contagious.
- The climate will get warmer in the next few years because of global warming.
- Examples:
- Claims of Value: Value judgments based on morals, standards, and norms.
- Examples:
- Death penalty is unjust.
- It is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.
- Examples:
- Claims of Policy: Specific, measurable actions needed to address issues or concerns. These advocate for policies or courses of action to solve problems.
- Examples:
- A dress code should be introduced for all students.
- President Duterte recalled an order allowing kids aged 10 to 14 outside their homes.
- Examples:
Characteristics of Good Claims
- Argumentative and Debatable: Claims should be arguable and debatable.
- Specific and Focused: Claims should be clear and narrow in scope.
- Interesting and Engaging: Claims should capture attention and encourage thought.
- Logical: Claims must be supported by reasonable evidence.
Defending Claims
- Claims of Fact:
- State Claim Clearly: Make sure the claim is easily understood.
- Define Terms: Define ambiguous or controversial terms.
- Sufficient Evidence: Provide enough evidence to support the claim.
- Accurate Evidence: Ensure evidence is correct and up-to-date.
- Reliable Authority: Cite credible and trustworthy sources.
- Clear Conclusion: Summarize key points clearly.
- Claims of Value:
- Prioritize Values: Explain the importance of the defended values.
- Acknowledge Differences: Recognize that readers may hold different values.
- Good Results: Show how adherence to values leads to positive outcomes.
- Clear Examples: Use examples and illustrations to clarify.
- Expert Testimony: Use expert views to support the point of view.
- Claims of Policy:
- Problem Exists: Convince the audience that a problem needs solving.
- Clear Proposal: Define the proposed solution clearly.
- Need for Change: Explain why a change is necessary.
- Consider Opposing Arguments: Address counterarguments thoughtfully.
- Benefits of Proposal: Demonstrate the advantages of the proposal.
- Solid Data: Provide strong supporting evidence.
- Moral Considerations: Explain the ethical aspects of the proposal.
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Description
This quiz explores the three main types of claims: claims of fact, value, and policy. Each type is defined with examples to help you identify and differentiate them effectively. Test your knowledge of how these claims operate within various contexts.
