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Questions and Answers
What does Socrates believe is essential for achieving happiness?
What does Socrates believe is essential for achieving happiness?
- Social status and influence
- Self-knowledge and philosophical inquiry (correct)
- Physical strength and health
- Wealth and possessions
According to the content, which of the following is not identified as a component of one's true self?
According to the content, which of the following is not identified as a component of one's true self?
- Our relationships (correct)
- Our body
- Our social status
- What we own
What is virtue defined as in the context provided?
What is virtue defined as in the context provided?
- Material wealth
- Moral excellence (correct)
- Personal happiness
- Intellectual superiority
Who is known as the student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle?
Who is known as the student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle?
Which part of the soul, according to Plato, rules over the other parts through the use of reason?
Which part of the soul, according to Plato, rules over the other parts through the use of reason?
What did Saint Augustine identify as the source of human unhappiness?
What did Saint Augustine identify as the source of human unhappiness?
What does Socrates suggest is preferable to committing an injustice?
What does Socrates suggest is preferable to committing an injustice?
Which of the following virtues is NOT listed as one of the moral qualities accepted as virtues?
Which of the following virtues is NOT listed as one of the moral qualities accepted as virtues?
What is the primary focus of the course mentioned in the content?
What is the primary focus of the course mentioned in the content?
What duality does Saint Augustine attribute to human beings?
What duality does Saint Augustine attribute to human beings?
Which quadrant of the Johari Window represents actions known to both the individual and others?
Which quadrant of the Johari Window represents actions known to both the individual and others?
Which statement best describes René Descartes' view of the self?
Which statement best describes René Descartes' view of the self?
According to the philosophies discussed, who emphasized the importance of self-knowledge for understanding one's true nature?
According to the philosophies discussed, who emphasized the importance of self-knowledge for understanding one's true nature?
According to David Hume, how does he classify the mind's perceptions?
According to David Hume, how does he classify the mind's perceptions?
Which of the following best describes the 'Facade' quadrant in the Johari Window model?
Which of the following best describes the 'Facade' quadrant in the Johari Window model?
What does Immanuel Kant mean by stating that the self is transcendental?
What does Immanuel Kant mean by stating that the self is transcendental?
What is the main contribution of the Socratic method described in the context?
What is the main contribution of the Socratic method described in the context?
What is an example of a priori knowledge?
What is an example of a priori knowledge?
Which of the following disciplines is NOT mentioned as a perspective on 'the self'?
Which of the following disciplines is NOT mentioned as a perspective on 'the self'?
How does Hume differentiate between impressions and ideas?
How does Hume differentiate between impressions and ideas?
What does the 'Blind Spot' quadrant signify in the Johari Window?
What does the 'Blind Spot' quadrant signify in the Johari Window?
Which philosopher is known for the phrase 'Cogito, ergo sum'?
Which philosopher is known for the phrase 'Cogito, ergo sum'?
What is the significance of understanding the self through various perspectives?
What is the significance of understanding the self through various perspectives?
What aspect of the self does Kant consider rooted in rational intellect and psychological states?
What aspect of the self does Kant consider rooted in rational intellect and psychological states?
What does the outer self refer to in relation to the inner self?
What does the outer self refer to in relation to the inner self?
According to Freud, which level of consciousness is responsible for the pleasure principle?
According to Freud, which level of consciousness is responsible for the pleasure principle?
What concept did John Locke introduce regarding the mind at birth?
What concept did John Locke introduce regarding the mind at birth?
What does Paul Churchland assert about existence in relation to sensory experience?
What does Paul Churchland assert about existence in relation to sensory experience?
According to Freud, which level of consciousness is linked to moral principles?
According to Freud, which level of consciousness is linked to moral principles?
What does Maurice Merleau-Ponty emphasize as the basis for one's consciousness?
What does Maurice Merleau-Ponty emphasize as the basis for one's consciousness?
What is the essence of a substance as defined by St. Thomas Aquinas?
What is the essence of a substance as defined by St. Thomas Aquinas?
What was a significant method introduced by Sigmund Freud for treating psychological disorders?
What was a significant method introduced by Sigmund Freud for treating psychological disorders?
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Study Notes
Course Overview
- Examines identity and factors affecting self-development.
- Divided into three parts: Perspectives on self, unpacking self, managing and caring for self.
Johari Window Model
- Developed by Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham, focuses on self-understanding and relationships.
- Four quadrants:
- Arena: Information known to self and others.
- Blind Spot: Known to others but unknown to self.
- Facade: Known to self but unknown to others.
- Unknown: Information unknown to both self and others.
Philosophical Perspectives on Self
- Diverse viewpoints from philosophy, sociology, anthropology, and psychology.
- Examines Western and Eastern thoughts on identity.
Socrates
- Born in 469 BC, spent life in Athens.
- Advocated for self-knowledge as the path to true nature.
- Emphasized the soul as the essence of self, distinct from possessions or body.
- Virtue equates to happiness; defined as moral excellence (courage, prudence, justice, temperance).
- Famous quotes highlight the examination of life and the nature of evil stemming from ignorance.
Plato
- Student of Socrates, explored various subjects.
- Proposed the Theory of Forms, distinguishing between physical and ultimate reality.
- Identified three parts of the soul:
- Appetitive: Enjoys sensual experiences.
- Spirited: Balances reason and passion.
- Rational: Seeks truth, should govern the other parts.
Saint Augustine
- Christian theologian who combined Plato's philosophy with Christian thought.
- Described the self as an immaterial soul impacted by sin, which impairs free will.
Rene Descartes
- Father of modern Western philosophy, articulated the duality of self.
- Introduced "Cogito, ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am) to emphasize the thinking mind.
- Distinguished between the mind (cogito) and body (extenza).
David Hume
- An empiricist, believed knowledge arises from sensory experiences.
- Defined self as a bundle of impressions, classifying them into impressions and ideas.
Immanuel Kant
- Proposed a transcendental view of self, existing outside the physical realm.
- Introduced two types of knowledge: a priori (known without experience) and a posteriori (known through experience).
- Divided self into inner (awareness of states) and outer (connection to the physical world) components.
St. Thomas Aquinas
- Integrated Aristotelian concepts in medieval philosophy.
- Explained human nature as a composition of matter (hyle) and form (morphine).
John Locke
- Developed the "tabula rasa" concept, suggesting the mind is a blank slate at birth.
- Emphasized knowledge through experience and reflection.
Sigmund Freud
- Introduced psychoanalysis, focusing on therapeutic dialogue for disorders.
- Identified three levels of consciousness:
- Unconscious (ID): Retains inaccessible data driven by pleasure.
- Pre-conscious (Super Ego): Readily accessible moral data.
- Conscious (Ego): Current awareness of perceptions and thoughts.
Paul Churchland
- Advocated materialism ("nothing but matter exists").
- Argued for existence based on sensory experience, denying the existence of an immaterial self.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
- Emphasized perception as key to consciousness.
- Suggested consciousness involves capability ("I can") rather than just thought ("I think that").
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