Recent

  • Show all results for ""
Understanding the Self: Chapter 1
32 Questions
0 Views

Understanding the Self: Chapter 1

Created by
@PleasingPluto

Questions and Answers

What does the term 'self' primarily signify?

  • A person's economic status
  • A person's essential being that distinguishes them from others (correct)
  • A societal role one plays
  • An individual's past experiences

    • How does psychology primarily assist individuals?

  • By teaching physical health tips
  • By providing historical context
  • By offering financial advice
  • By explaining human behavior and improving decision making (correct)

    • Which statement best describes the role of philosophy?

  • It develops marketing strategies.
  • It emphasizes empirical research.
  • It focuses solely on historical events.
  • It serves to analyze knowledge, reality, and existence. (correct)

    • What is a consequence of reflecting on 'self'?

    <p>It molds and develops a person’s identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the 'name' is highlighted in relation to self?

    <p>It designates a person in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary concept related to the self?

    <p>Social hierarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is psychology considered a scientific study?

    <p>It utilizes empirical methods to understand behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What benefit does studying philosophy provide?

    <p>Facilitates the ability to extract essential information from complex data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main belief of Socrates regarding the life of an individual?

    <p>Self-knowledge is essential for a thinker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Plato, which component is responsible for handling emotions?

    <p>Spirited soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did David Hume introduce concerning self?

    <p>The self is a collection of bundles of experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher is known as the father of modern philosophy?

    <p>René Descartes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Immanuel Kant believe is necessary to obtain knowledge about oneself?

    <p>Interaction with others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Thomas Aquinas, what are the two components that man is composed of?

    <p>Matter and form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of self indicates that it can exist independently?

    <p>Self-contained and independent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essence of the phenomenological view of the self according to Merleau-Ponty?

    <p>The self is an amalgamation of body, thoughts, emotions, and experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'self-schema' refer to?

    <p>A collection of knowledge about who you are</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Freud's perspective, which aspect affects the development of the self?

    <p>Cultural influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines 'private self' according to Carver and Scheier?

    <p>Internal standards, thoughts, and feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the 'actual self' in self-awareness?

    <p>Your current state of being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason why self and identity are considered social products?

    <p>Culture and society play a role in shaping self-identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Marcel Mauss refer to as the 'MOI'?

    <p>The person's sense of who he is, including body and identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of self does 'superego' relate to in Freud's theory?

    <p>Moral standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can self-consciousness have on an individual?

    <p>It can lead to criticism from self and others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what manner does self adjust according to the external world?

    <p>By considering the territory and values of a particular place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'group identity' refers to which of the following?

    <p>An individual's self-identity influenced by groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested by Mead and Vygotsky regarding self-development?

    <p>Language and interaction with others facilitate self-development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does gender influence self-perception?

    <p>It shapes self-perception based on societal roles and expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example illustrates the influence of family on self-development?

    <p>A child learning table manners from their parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to William James, what are the two aspects of self?

    <p>'I' and 'Me'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is primarily influenced by trends and popular personalities?

    <p>Self-concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'PERSONNE' aspect of self refer to in Marcel Mauss' theory?

    <p>The way an individual behaves based on social expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Philosophical Perspectives on the Self

    • Name signifies individual identity and persists even after death.
    • Self represents a person's essence, the core of introspection and self-development.
    • Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind, helping to explain behavior and improve decision-making.
    • Philosophy focuses on knowledge, reality, and existence, fostering problem-solving skills and conceptual analysis.

    Key Philosophers and Their Views

    • Socrates: First philosopher to explore self; advocated self-examination and the belief that an unexamined life is not worth living.
    • Plato: Proposed three components of the soul: rational (intellect), spirited (emotion), and appetitive (desires).
    • Augustine: Emphasized virtues and the importance of living a moral life.
    • Thomas Aquinas: Adopted Aristotle's dualism of man as composed of matter ("hyle") and form ("morphe").
    • René Descartes: Father of modern philosophy; distinguished between body (mechanical) and mind (thinking).
    • David Hume: Introduced empiricism; defined self as a bundle of experiences derived from actions.
    • Immanuel Kant: Viewed self as a problem, highlighting the necessity of interaction for self-knowledge.
    • Gilbert Ryle: Suggested that self is understood through experiences and perceptions.
    • Maurice Merleau-Ponty: A phenomenologist who united body, thoughts, and emotions as one entity.

    Self, Society, and Culture

    • Characteristics of Self:

      • Separate: Unique identity, distinct from others.
      • Self-Contained: Independent existence with personal thoughts and characteristics.
      • Consistent: Enduring personality that persists over time.
      • Unitary: Centralized thoughts and experiences focused within one individual.
      • Private: Isolated inner world, potentially clashing with external reality.

    • Self and Culture: Adjustments made based on cultural values and circumstances; example includes Overseas Filipino Workers adapting to foreign employers.

    • Marcel Mauss’ Faces of Self:

      • "Moi": Basic identity and biological givenness.
      • "Personne": Social behavior and expectations influenced by institutions.

    • Self and Language: The mind is shaped through language and dialogues, influencing values and norms.

    • Self and Family: Family influences personal behaviors and dispositions; examples include inherited manners and values.

    • Self and Gender: Gender influences identity perception and societal roles; example includes traditional expectations of husband and wife.

    • Self and Society: Self-concept is shaped by societal trends, influences from social media, and peer behavior; example includes cosplay culture.

    Cognitive Constructs of Self

    • William James' Concept of Self:

      • "I": The acting and feeling self.
      • "Me": The physical and psychological characteristics.

    • Carl Rogers' Self-Schema: Collection of knowledge about oneself.

      • "I": The entity making decisions.
      • "Me": The reflective self, thoughts and feelings.

    • Identity and Self-Concept: Identity comprises personal and social characteristics; self-concept is the immediate perception of oneself.

    Freud's Perspective on Self

    • Conceived self as influenced by interaction, consisting of:
      • ID: Instinctual desires and emotions.
      • EGO: The decision-making mediator.
      • SUPEREGO: The moral compass.

    Social Influence on Self and Identity

    • Self is a social product shaped by cultural, familial, and gender influences.
    • Interaction with others is crucial for reinforcing self-identity.
    • Social context defines personal values and importance.

    Self-Awareness and Social Identity

    • Self-Awareness: Ability to understand one's needs and responses.

    • Self-Schema Types:

      • Actual self: Current state of being.
      • Ideal self: Aspirations and desired self-image.
      • Ought self: Perceived obligations or expectations.

    • Self-Consciousness: Awareness of being observed by others, which can have both positive and negative effects on behavior.

    • Group Identity: Influenced by affiliations within groups or institutions, affecting self-perception and behavior.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the concept of the self through various philosophical perspectives in this quiz. Discover how the notion of self serves as a fundamental signifier of identity and existence. This chapter provides a foundation for understanding personal identity and its enduring significance.

    More Quizzes Like This

    Understanding the Self: Philosophical Perspectives Quiz
    16 questions

    Philosophical Perspectives of the Self Quiz

    SereneSecant avatar
    SereneSecant
    Philosophical Perspectives on the Self
    40 questions

    Philosophical Perspectives on the Self

    SimplifiedSitar avatar
    SimplifiedSitar
    GE2405: The Self from Philosophical Perspectives
    10 questions

    GE2405: The Self from Philosophical Perspectives

    AdvancedLaboradite8582 avatar
    AdvancedLaboradite8582
    Self and Identity: Philosophical Perspectives
    37 questions

    Self and Identity: Philosophical Perspectives

    GentleYew avatar
    GentleYew
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser