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According to the Hindelang, Gotfredson and Garofalo (1978) model, which demographic characteristics are closely related to victimisation rates?
According to the Hindelang, Gotfredson and Garofalo (1978) model, which demographic characteristics are closely related to victimisation rates?
- Age, gender, marital status (correct)
- Gender, race, income
- Age, race, income
- Race, income, marital status
According to the lifestyle/exposure model, who is more vulnerable to victimisation?
According to the lifestyle/exposure model, who is more vulnerable to victimisation?
- Older, single men
- Young, single women
- Young, single men (correct)
- Married couples
What does the Hindelang, Gotfredson and Garofalo (1978) model suggest about the risk of being victimised in public?
What does the Hindelang, Gotfredson and Garofalo (1978) model suggest about the risk of being victimised in public?
- Lower risk than staying at home
- No risk at all
- Higher risk than staying at home (correct)
- Equal risk as staying at home
According to Hindelang's prerequisites for victimization, which of the following must be present for victimization to occur?
According to Hindelang's prerequisites for victimization, which of the following must be present for victimization to occur?
According to the lifestyle/exposure model, which of the following factors can increase the risk of victimization?
According to the lifestyle/exposure model, which of the following factors can increase the risk of victimization?
According to the routine activities approach, which of the following elements must be present for victimization to occur?
According to the routine activities approach, which of the following elements must be present for victimization to occur?
According to the opportunity model, which of the following factors play a role in the probability of victimization?
According to the opportunity model, which of the following factors play a role in the probability of victimization?
According to the Hindelang, Gotfredson and Garofalo (1978) model, which demographic characteristics are closely related to victimisation rates?
According to the Hindelang, Gotfredson and Garofalo (1978) model, which demographic characteristics are closely related to victimisation rates?
According to the lifestyle/exposure model, who is more vulnerable to victimisation?
According to the lifestyle/exposure model, who is more vulnerable to victimisation?
According to the Hindelang, Gotfredson and Garofalo (1978) model, what determines the likelihood of being victimised?
According to the Hindelang, Gotfredson and Garofalo (1978) model, what determines the likelihood of being victimised?
According to Hindelang's prerequisites for victimization, which of the following must be present for victimization to occur?
According to Hindelang's prerequisites for victimization, which of the following must be present for victimization to occur?
According to the routine activities approach, which of the following elements must be present for victimization to occur?
According to the routine activities approach, which of the following elements must be present for victimization to occur?
According to the lifestyle/exposure model, which of the following factors can increase the risk of victimization?
According to the lifestyle/exposure model, which of the following factors can increase the risk of victimization?
According to the opportunity model, which of the following factors play a role in the probability of victimization?
According to the opportunity model, which of the following factors play a role in the probability of victimization?
According to the Hindelang, Gotfredson and Garofalo (1978) model, which demographic characteristics are closely related to victimisation rates?
According to the Hindelang, Gotfredson and Garofalo (1978) model, which demographic characteristics are closely related to victimisation rates?
According to the lifestyle/exposure model, who is more vulnerable to victimisation?
According to the lifestyle/exposure model, who is more vulnerable to victimisation?
According to the Hindelang, Gotfredson and Garofalo (1978) model, what determines the likelihood of being victimised?
According to the Hindelang, Gotfredson and Garofalo (1978) model, what determines the likelihood of being victimised?
According to Hindelang's prerequisites for victimization, which of the following must be present for victimization to occur?
According to Hindelang's prerequisites for victimization, which of the following must be present for victimization to occur?
According to the routine activities approach, what are the three elements that must be present for victimization to occur?
According to the routine activities approach, what are the three elements that must be present for victimization to occur?
According to the opportunity model, which of the following factors play a role in the probability of victimization?
According to the opportunity model, which of the following factors play a role in the probability of victimization?
According to the differential risk model, how many factors influence the risk of being victimized?
According to the differential risk model, how many factors influence the risk of being victimized?
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Study Notes
Hindelang, Gotfredson and Garofalo (1978) Model
- Demographic characteristics closely related to victimization rates include age, gender, and socioeconomic status.
- Risk of being victimized in public settings increases due to lack of guardianship and higher exposure to potential offenders.
- Personality traits and individual behaviors can heighten the likeliness of victimization.
Lifestyle/Exposure Model
- Vulnerability to victimization is heightened for individuals with risky lifestyles, such as those engaging in night-time activities or frequenting high-crime areas.
- Factors that can increase risk include substance abuse, social isolation, and lack of protective social relationships.
Hindelang's Prerequisites for Victimization
- Three prerequisites must be present for victimization to occur: an offender must be available, a suitable target must exist, and a lack of capable guardianship must be evident.
Routine Activities Approach
- Victimization requires three essential elements: a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian.
- The combination of these elements in time and space significantly influences the likelihood of being victimized.
Opportunity Model
- This model highlights the role of environmental factors, such as location and time of day, in determining the probability of victimization.
- Elements that can influence victimization risk include accessibility of the target, visibility, and the presence of crime prevention measures.
Differential Risk Model
- Several factors influence the risk of being victimized, which may include demographic variables, lifestyle choices, and environmental contexts.
- Specifics on the number of influential factors vary but emphasize the complexity of risk assessment in relation to victimization.
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