60 Questions
Which factors contribute to group formation?
People, situations, and interpersonal relationships
What does Malcolm Gladwell's book 'Tipping Point' explain?
How ideas spread like epidemics
In group formation, why do some situations prompt people to affiliate with one another?
Ambiguity, danger, and collaborative tasks
Why do animals like lions and orcas form groups?
Safety, collaboration, and companionship
Which of the following is a characteristic of social anxiety disorder?
A high level of self-consciousness
What is the main difference between preoccupied attachment and avoidant/dismissing attachment?
Preoccupied attachment involves fear of rejection, while avoidant/dismissing attachment involves a lack of interest in groups
Which parenting style is associated with a balanced approach, clear rules with flexibility, and positive outcomes in children's development?
Authoritative parenting
According to the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation (FIRO) theory, what are the three basic needs that influence group-seeking tendencies?
Inclusion, control, and affection
Which of the following best describes the influence of the Reticular Formation on introverts?
It helps filter sensory input and supports their introspective and deep-thinking nature.
According to the five-factor model, which dimension of personality involves engagement and interest in social interactions?
Extraversion
What is the primary difference between introverts and extraverts according to personality trait theories?
Introverts are oriented primarily toward inner perceptions and judgments of concepts and ideas, whereas extraverts are oriented primarily toward social experiences.
What is the purpose of person-group fit in the context of predicting status within a group?
To determine the degree to which an individual's attributes match the qualities valued by the group.
What are the possible explanations for why anxious girls want to be in a group?
To gain cognitive clarity
What is the role of social support in groups?
To provide instrumental support
What is the purpose of downward social comparison?
To boost self-esteem
What is the proximity principle?
The tendency to form relationships with those who are close by
Which of the following is NOT one of the FIRO-B wanted needs?
Relationality
What are the characteristics of males in joining groups?
Are more competitive and vie for status and power
What is the difference between social anxiety and social phobia?
Social anxiety is a feeling of apprehension and embarrassment, while social phobia is a persistent fear of a specific object/situation
What are the three stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
Alarm Reaction, Resistance Phase, Exhaustion
Which stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is characterized by increased heart rate and heightened alertness?
Stage 1: Alarm Reaction
What happens during the Resistance Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
The body attempts to adapt to ongoing stress and characteristics of the alarm reaction stage virtually disappear.
What happens during the Exhaustion stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
The body's resources are depleted and it can no longer effectively cope with stress.
What is the purpose of the Social Readjustment Scale developed by Holmes and Rahe?
To quantify the impact of major life events on an individual's stress levels.
What is the similarity principle?
The tendency for individuals to seek out, affiliate with, or be attracted to an individual who is similar to them in some way.
What is homophily?
The tendency for the members of groups and other collectives to be similar to one another in some way, such as demographic background, attitudes, and values.
What did Sean Mackinnon's study on university classes find?
People were more likely to sit beside someone who matched them by hair color and length than by chance.
What did the participants in Sean Mackinnon's study choose based on physical appearance?
Participants chose those who looked physically similar to them.
What is the complementarity principle?
A tendency for individuals to seek out, affiliate with, or be attracted to an individual who is different from them in some way.
What is the elaboration principle?
The tendency for individuals to seek out, affiliate with, or be attracted to an individual who is similar to them in some way.
According to Tuckman's theory of group development, which stage is characterized by cohesiveness, agreement on procedures, standards, and roles, and improved communication?
Structure (norming)
What is the primary focus of the micro level approach to the study of groups?
Individual psychology
Which level of analysis in the multilevel approach to the study of groups focuses on the group and social context?
Meso level
Who proposed the concept of collective consciousness in the study of groups?
Emile Durkheim
What is the significance of groups according to the text?
All of the above
Which stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is characterized by decreased dependence and regret?
Dissolution stage
Which of the following is NOT a type of group mentioned in the text?
Interdependence/Sequential groups
What are some common characteristics of groups mentioned in the text?
All of the above
What is the equation for calculating the number of connections in a group of size n?
n(n-1)/2
What do people do in groups according to the text?
Words, actions, instruction, support, emotions
What are the different types of goals mentioned in the text?
All of the above
What determines the experiences of group members in terms of emotions, actions, and communication?
Reciprocal influence
According to the text, what is the definition of a group?
Two or more individuals who are connected to one another by and within social relationships.
What are some common characteristics of groups mentioned in the text?
Size, connectedness, influence, and purpose
What is the range of group sizes mentioned in the text?
2 to 7 members
What did sociologist John James record in relation to group sizes?
The size of groups in Portland, Oregon
What are some fields and topics included in the scientific study of group dynamics?
Sociology, psychology, communication, organizational behavior
According to the text, what do researchers assume when studying groups and their processes?
That groups have a significant impact on individuals
Which one of the following best describes the concept of group cohesion?
The tendency of a group to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its instrumental objectives and/or for the satisfaction of member needs
What is entitativity in the context of group dynamics?
The perceived groupness rather than an aggregation of independent, unrelated individuals
According to the Thomas Theorem, what is the role of perception in group membership?
People are not part of a group unless they perceive themselves to be part of the group
What is the purpose of the minimal groups paradigm?
To split individuals into meaningless groups and observe their favoritism and emotional attachment to the group
What is the field of inquiry dedicated to advancing knowledge about the nature of groups called?
Group dynamics
Which of the following fields is NOT rooted in group dynamics?
Physics
According to Cooley (1909), what is the main difference between primary and secondary groups?
Primary groups have more intimate and long-term relationships than secondary groups
What is the main difference between planned and emergent groups?
Planned groups are deliberately formed by the members themselves or by an external authority, while emergent groups can result from basically nothing
According to Arrow and her colleagues (2000), what are the characteristics of planned groups?
Deliberately formed by the members themselves or by an external authority, usually for some specific purpose or purposes
What did Brian Lickel and colleagues study in relation to group entities?
How participants perceived group entities and compared them with one another
According to Cartwright and Zander (1960), what is the main difference between planned and emergent groups?
Planned groups are deliberately formed by the members themselves or by an external authority, while emergent groups can result from basically nothing
According to Arrow and her colleagues (2000), what are the characteristics of emergent groups?
Study groups, small businesses, clubs, associations
Discover why anxious girls often seek comfort in group settings with this quiz. Explore possible explanations such as escape, cognitive clarity, direct anxiety reduction, and self-evaluation. Uncover the reasons behind their desire to huddle up like penguins and find out which factors play a role in their decision-making process.
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