Understanding the Devotees of Tontar in Bhakti Movement

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Zvelebil questions whether the bhakti movement can be considered as what type of social movement?

Positive social protest movement

Antisocial movement

Revolutionary social protest movement (correct)

None of the above

Who is an example of antinomian devotion mentioned in the text?

Periyapuranam

Nandanar

Nishada Kannappar (correct)

Tirunalaippovar

In contrast to Buddhism and Jainism, how is the liberation from 'human bondage' achieved in the bhakti movement?

Through total denial or renunciation

By worshipping and total devotion (correct)

By purifying oneself through fire

By protesting against social injustice

Which category did Zvelebil mention was occasionally reversed in the bhakti movement?

Hierarchical categories Signup and view all the answers

What was Nandanar's great dream mentioned in the text?

To see the dancing Nataraja at Chidambaram Signup and view all the answers

How did Zvelebil characterize the role of the bhakti movement in terms of changing the Hindu social system?

It did not attempt to change or reform the system Signup and view all the answers

What was the rough estimate of the caste origin of the bhakti saints?

A minority belonged to lower castes and very few were untouchables Signup and view all the answers

What was the message of the Nayanars and Alvars regarding caste?

They highlighted the meaninglessness of caste Signup and view all the answers

According to Kamil Zvelebil, what spirit characterizes the Tamil bhakti movement?

Spirit of social negativism Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of Brahmans compared to kings and princes in the bhakti movement?

Brahmans were considered less important than kings and princes Signup and view all the answers

In what way did Lord Shiva support the devotee in conflicts or protests in the Tamil bhakti movement?

By supporting those protesting against society or tradition Signup and view all the answers

What did some of the important authors of the Tamil bhakti movement exhibit despite the movement's egalitarian spirit?

Caste consciousness Signup and view all the answers

Who challenged Manu’s statement about woman's constant subservience to her father, husband, and son?

Karaikkal Ammaiyar Signup and view all the answers

During which rulers' rule did the emergence of Bhakti coincide in South India?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with formulating a sociopolitical conception of Tamil bhakti among Tamil scholars?

S.Vaiyapuri Pillai Signup and view all the answers

What is believed to have resulted in an ideological reaction against the early forms of feudalism in Tamilnadu?

Burden of expenditure borne by the masses Signup and view all the answers

Which figure contributed to the image of bhakti as a social protest movement or a social utopia?

Andal Signup and view all the answers

What was a common theme challenged by Karaikkal Ammaiyar and Andal in the Tamil bhakti movement?

Caste hierarchy Signup and view all the answers