Understanding the Concept of Value

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What is the foundation of Kant's deontological ethics?

Universalisable maxims (correct)

Self-interest above all else

Development of virtuous character traits

Consequences of actions

According to Kant, where does moral worth derive from?

Maximizing self-interest

Virtuous character traits

The intention behind an action and adherence to moral principles (correct)

Consequences of actions

What is the primary focus of virtue ethics?

Developing virtues such as courage, honesty, compassion, and wisdom (correct)

Maximizing self-interest

Following universalisable maxims

Prioritizing consequences of actions

What does ethical egoism advocate for?

Prioritizing self-interest above all else Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, what should moral judgments take into account?

Context and individual circumstances Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical theory emphasizes duty as a priority?

Deontology Signup and view all the answers

What does value encompass besides economic worth?

Emotional, social, cultural, and moral dimensions Signup and view all the answers

In economic terms, what is value often equated with?

Utility Signup and view all the answers

According to the law of supply and demand, what dictates greater value in the marketplace?

High demand relative to availability Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a pivotal role in shaping perceptions of value alongside market forces?

Emotional attachment Signup and view all the answers

Why may a family heirloom hold immense sentimental value despite having minimal economic worth?

Due to emotional attachment Signup and view all the answers

Why is value considered inherently subjective according to the text?

Because it varies from person to person and context to context Signup and view all the answers

What does Timothy Kasser consider as detrimental effects of excessive materialism?

Negative impact on mental health, interpersonal relationships, and environmental sustainability Signup and view all the answers

Barry Schwartz argues that the abundance of choices can lead to:

Decision paralysis, dissatisfaction, and regret Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinction highlighted by the text between the 'experiencing self' and 'remembering self'?

Intrinsic values contribute more significantly to long-term happiness Signup and view all the answers

What does Barry Schwartz suggest individuals may derive greater satisfaction from?

Intrinsic pursuits aligned with core values Signup and view all the answers

How does prioritizing extrinsic values impact subjective well-being according to Timothy Kasser's work?

It erodes subjective well-being Signup and view all the answers

In relation to materialism and well-being, what does Timothy Kasser suggest a societal emphasis on extrinsic values contributes to?

Erosion of subjective well-being Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Aldo Leopold introduce in his work 'A Sand County Almanac'?

Land ethic Signup and view all the answers

Who raised awareness about the ecological harms of pesticides and industrial pollution in 'Silent Spring'?

Rachel Carson Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher advocated for a radical shift in human consciousness towards recognizing the intrinsic value of all living beings?

Arne Naess Signup and view all the answers

In what work did Thoreau reflect on living in close communion with nature?

'Walden' Signup and view all the answers

Who emphasized the transformative power of nature in awakening human consciousness and inspiring creativity?

Emerson Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental philosopher played a pivotal role by introducing a concept related to human responsibility towards the land and its inhabitants?

Aldo Leopold Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of political philosophy?

Understanding and evaluating the principles and values that underpin political life and institutions Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a central concern of political philosophy?

The concept of justice Signup and view all the answers

What does utilitarianism emphasize in the context of justice?

Maximizing overall happiness or welfare Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of theories of distributive justice?

Ensuring equal distribution of resources Signup and view all the answers

Who are classical liberal philosophers often associated with?

The importance of individual rights, limited government, and the principle of consent as the basis for political legitimacy Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of political authority, legitimacy, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens in political philosophy?

They are explored by philosophers to understand the relationship between the individual and the state Signup and view all the answers