Understanding the Concept of Value

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Questions and Answers

What is the foundation of Kant's deontological ethics?

  • Universalisable maxims (correct)
  • Self-interest above all else
  • Development of virtuous character traits
  • Consequences of actions

According to Kant, where does moral worth derive from?

  • Maximizing self-interest
  • Virtuous character traits
  • The intention behind an action and adherence to moral principles (correct)
  • Consequences of actions

What is the primary focus of virtue ethics?

  • Developing virtues such as courage, honesty, compassion, and wisdom (correct)
  • Maximizing self-interest
  • Following universalisable maxims
  • Prioritizing consequences of actions

What does ethical egoism advocate for?

<p>Prioritizing self-interest above all else (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, what should moral judgments take into account?

<p>Context and individual circumstances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical theory emphasizes duty as a priority?

<p>Deontology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does value encompass besides economic worth?

<p>Emotional, social, cultural, and moral dimensions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In economic terms, what is value often equated with?

<p>Utility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the law of supply and demand, what dictates greater value in the marketplace?

<p>High demand relative to availability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a pivotal role in shaping perceptions of value alongside market forces?

<p>Emotional attachment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why may a family heirloom hold immense sentimental value despite having minimal economic worth?

<p>Due to emotional attachment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is value considered inherently subjective according to the text?

<p>Because it varies from person to person and context to context (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Timothy Kasser consider as detrimental effects of excessive materialism?

<p>Negative impact on mental health, interpersonal relationships, and environmental sustainability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Barry Schwartz argues that the abundance of choices can lead to:

<p>Decision paralysis, dissatisfaction, and regret (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinction highlighted by the text between the 'experiencing self' and 'remembering self'?

<p>Intrinsic values contribute more significantly to long-term happiness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Barry Schwartz suggest individuals may derive greater satisfaction from?

<p>Intrinsic pursuits aligned with core values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does prioritizing extrinsic values impact subjective well-being according to Timothy Kasser's work?

<p>It erodes subjective well-being (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In relation to materialism and well-being, what does Timothy Kasser suggest a societal emphasis on extrinsic values contributes to?

<p>Erosion of subjective well-being (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Aldo Leopold introduce in his work 'A Sand County Almanac'?

<p>Land ethic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who raised awareness about the ecological harms of pesticides and industrial pollution in 'Silent Spring'?

<p>Rachel Carson (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher advocated for a radical shift in human consciousness towards recognizing the intrinsic value of all living beings?

<p>Arne Naess (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what work did Thoreau reflect on living in close communion with nature?

<p>'Walden' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who emphasized the transformative power of nature in awakening human consciousness and inspiring creativity?

<p>Emerson (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental philosopher played a pivotal role by introducing a concept related to human responsibility towards the land and its inhabitants?

<p>Aldo Leopold (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of political philosophy?

<p>Understanding and evaluating the principles and values that underpin political life and institutions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a central concern of political philosophy?

<p>The concept of justice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does utilitarianism emphasize in the context of justice?

<p>Maximizing overall happiness or welfare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of theories of distributive justice?

<p>Ensuring equal distribution of resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are classical liberal philosophers often associated with?

<p>The importance of individual rights, limited government, and the principle of consent as the basis for political legitimacy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of political authority, legitimacy, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens in political philosophy?

<p>They are explored by philosophers to understand the relationship between the individual and the state (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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