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𝙒𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙞𝙨 𝙞𝙢𝙥𝙡𝙞𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙛 𝙖 𝙣𝙚𝙬 𝙫𝙖𝙘𝙘𝙞𝙣𝙚 𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙮𝙞𝙚𝙡𝙙𝙨 𝙖 𝙥-𝙫𝙖𝙡𝙪𝙚 𝙡𝙤𝙬𝙚𝙧 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙣 0.001?
𝙒𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙞𝙨 𝙞𝙢𝙥𝙡𝙞𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙛 𝙖 𝙣𝙚𝙬 𝙫𝙖𝙘𝙘𝙞𝙣𝙚 𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙮𝙞𝙚𝙡𝙙𝙨 𝙖 𝙥-𝙫𝙖𝙡𝙪𝙚 𝙡𝙤𝙬𝙚𝙧 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙣 0.001?
The effect observed is highly unlikely due to chance.
𝙒𝙝𝙞𝙘𝙝 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙤𝙬𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙗𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙙𝙚𝙨𝙘𝙧𝙞𝙗𝙚𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙧𝙤𝙡𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙡 𝙝𝙮𝙥𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙨𝙞𝙨 𝙞𝙣 𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡 𝙩𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙜?
𝙒𝙝𝙞𝙘𝙝 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙤𝙬𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙗𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙙𝙚𝙨𝙘𝙧𝙞𝙗𝙚𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙧𝙤𝙡𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙡 𝙝𝙮𝙥𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙨𝙞𝙨 𝙞𝙣 𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡 𝙩𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙜?
To provide a basis for comparison when testing for statistical significance."
𝙄𝙣 𝙖 𝙤𝙣𝙚-𝙩𝙖𝙞𝙡𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙚𝙨𝙩, 𝙞𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙚𝙭𝙘𝙚𝙚𝙙𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙘𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡 𝙫𝙖𝙡𝙪𝙚, 𝙬𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙞𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙣𝙚𝙭𝙩 𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙥?
𝙄𝙣 𝙖 𝙤𝙣𝙚-𝙩𝙖𝙞𝙡𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙚𝙨𝙩, 𝙞𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙚𝙭𝙘𝙚𝙚𝙙𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙘𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡 𝙫𝙖𝙡𝙪𝙚, 𝙬𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙞𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙣𝙚𝙭𝙩 𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙥?
The correct answer is: Reject the null hypothesis.
𝙒𝙝𝙚𝙣 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙖 𝙨𝙩𝙪𝙙𝙮 𝙩𝙤 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙚𝙛𝙛𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙬𝙤 𝙛𝙚𝙧𝙩𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙯𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙤𝙣 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙣𝙩 𝙜𝙧𝙤𝙬𝙩𝙝, 𝙬𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙬𝙤𝙪𝙡𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙡 𝙝𝙮𝙥𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙨𝙞𝙨 𝙩𝙮𝙥𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙮 𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙚?
𝙒𝙝𝙚𝙣 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙖 𝙨𝙩𝙪𝙙𝙮 𝙩𝙤 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙚𝙛𝙛𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙬𝙤 𝙛𝙚𝙧𝙩𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙯𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙤𝙣 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙣𝙩 𝙜𝙧𝙤𝙬𝙩𝙝, 𝙬𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙬𝙤𝙪𝙡𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙡 𝙝𝙮𝙥𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙨𝙞𝙨 𝙩𝙮𝙥𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙮 𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙚?
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𝘿𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙖 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙚𝙖𝙧𝙘𝙝 𝙨𝙩𝙪𝙙𝙮, 𝙖 𝙥-𝙫𝙖𝙡𝙪𝙚 𝙤𝙛 0.07 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙤𝙗𝙩𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙙. 𝙃𝙤𝙬 𝙨𝙝𝙤𝙪𝙡𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙗𝙚 𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙩𝙚𝙙?
𝘿𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙖 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙚𝙖𝙧𝙘𝙝 𝙨𝙩𝙪𝙙𝙮, 𝙖 𝙥-𝙫𝙖𝙡𝙪𝙚 𝙤𝙛 0.07 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙤𝙗𝙩𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙙. 𝙃𝙤𝙬 𝙨𝙝𝙤𝙪𝙡𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙗𝙚 𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙩𝙚𝙙?
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𝙒𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙞𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙢𝙚𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙤𝙛 𝙚𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙤𝙢𝙚𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙨?
𝙒𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙞𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙢𝙚𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙤𝙛 𝙚𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙤𝙢𝙚𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙨?
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