Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is an important source of information for evaluating a program?
What is an important source of information for evaluating a program?
- Social media posts
- Public documents (correct)
- Consultant's personal opinions
- Employee gossip
Organizations are always transparent and forthcoming with their true culture in workshops.
Organizations are always transparent and forthcoming with their true culture in workshops.
False (B)
What can tracing the sources of money help reveal about an organization?
What can tracing the sources of money help reveal about an organization?
why an organization behaves as it does
The analogy of a ________ helps us appreciate how sensitive and dangerous the process of organizational exposure is.
The analogy of a ________ helps us appreciate how sensitive and dangerous the process of organizational exposure is.
What type of dynamics can significantly impact a CSO's development vision?
What type of dynamics can significantly impact a CSO's development vision?
Audited financial statements are rarely useful for understanding an organization's hidden issues.
Audited financial statements are rarely useful for understanding an organization's hidden issues.
What should programme evaluations ideally analyze?
What should programme evaluations ideally analyze?
Match the following items to their description according to the text:
Match the following items to their description according to the text:
What is one benefit of using a 'washing line' approach with marker moments?
What is one benefit of using a 'washing line' approach with marker moments?
Surveys are most effective when used in isolation from other methods.
Surveys are most effective when used in isolation from other methods.
What is one question that can be asked to probe further into a situation's analysis?
What is one question that can be asked to probe further into a situation's analysis?
Surveys can provide excellent material for starting group discussions by mirroring back the ________ and discussing differences in scoring.
Surveys can provide excellent material for starting group discussions by mirroring back the ________ and discussing differences in scoring.
What is the primary purpose of using 'artefacts' in a 'washing line' approach?
What is the primary purpose of using 'artefacts' in a 'washing line' approach?
Group discussions are never as important as quantitative data.
Group discussions are never as important as quantitative data.
What can be used to 'dig deeper' after a survey has been conducted?
What can be used to 'dig deeper' after a survey has been conducted?
Match the method with its description:
Match the method with its description:
Which of the following is considered 'listening to the head'?
Which of the following is considered 'listening to the head'?
Asking 'why' questions is generally the most effective way to conduct interviews.
Asking 'why' questions is generally the most effective way to conduct interviews.
What should long pauses between questions be considered?
What should long pauses between questions be considered?
Listening to the heart involves focusing on the ____________ level.
Listening to the heart involves focusing on the ____________ level.
Match each 'listening level' to the aspects it focuses on:
Match each 'listening level' to the aspects it focuses on:
Which of these best describes 'listening to the feet'?
Which of these best describes 'listening to the feet'?
Strongly denied feelings can be less informative than strongly expressed feelings.
Strongly denied feelings can be less informative than strongly expressed feelings.
What do good questions help people discover about underlying issues?
What do good questions help people discover about underlying issues?
According to the diagram, what is the first step in the process of change?
According to the diagram, what is the first step in the process of change?
According to the diagram, 'Inspiring Change' is the second step in the change process.
According to the diagram, 'Inspiring Change' is the second step in the change process.
What does the content say that consultants should aim to understand about an organization?
What does the content say that consultants should aim to understand about an organization?
The text refers to 'looking below the _______' to understand organisational culture.
The text refers to 'looking below the _______' to understand organisational culture.
What is implied by the phrase 'looking below the waterline'?
What is implied by the phrase 'looking below the waterline'?
The diagram indicates that planning for implementation happens before engaging the client.
The diagram indicates that planning for implementation happens before engaging the client.
Match the step in the process of change with its number in the diagram:
Match the step in the process of change with its number in the diagram:
What does the text suggest about the relationship between what is visible and the real situation in an organization?
What does the text suggest about the relationship between what is visible and the real situation in an organization?
What is a commonality among organizational assessment tools?
What is a commonality among organizational assessment tools?
Organizational assessment tools always work well if used in isolation.
Organizational assessment tools always work well if used in isolation.
According to the 'onion model,' what is the outermost layer of an organization?
According to the 'onion model,' what is the outermost layer of an organization?
The onion model suggests that a key layer of an organization is the ______ needed to carry out the work.
The onion model suggests that a key layer of an organization is the ______ needed to carry out the work.
What does the text suggest about the usefulness of organizational assessment models?
What does the text suggest about the usefulness of organizational assessment models?
The onion model views an organization as static and unchanging.
The onion model views an organization as static and unchanging.
What can be highlighted by aggregating scores in organizational assessment tools?
What can be highlighted by aggregating scores in organizational assessment tools?
Match the following elements to their corresponding layer within the 'onion' model of organizations:
Match the following elements to their corresponding layer within the 'onion' model of organizations:
What four phases are included in the 'generative' approach?
What four phases are included in the 'generative' approach?
A comprehensive diagnosis with many recommendations is the best way to ensure organizational change.
A comprehensive diagnosis with many recommendations is the best way to ensure organizational change.
What does the Malawian proverb 'Many, many are the bees, but tell me about the ones that are stinging' illustrate?
What does the Malawian proverb 'Many, many are the bees, but tell me about the ones that are stinging' illustrate?
Instead of negative, critical diagnosis there is what is called ______.
Instead of negative, critical diagnosis there is what is called ______.
Match the following terms with their description:
Match the following terms with their description:
What approach promotes new thinking about issues in an organization?
What approach promotes new thinking about issues in an organization?
A facilitator should encourage an organization to create a long list of actions to make changes.
A facilitator should encourage an organization to create a long list of actions to make changes.
According to the consultant checklist, what kind of dynamics needs to be understood when helping the organization?
According to the consultant checklist, what kind of dynamics needs to be understood when helping the organization?
Flashcards
Programme evaluation
Programme evaluation
The process of examining how an organization operates in practice and its impact.
Organizational politics
Organizational politics
The unspoken rules, relationships, power dynamics, and agendas that influence an organization's behavior.
Political and religious dynamics in organizations
Political and religious dynamics in organizations
The impact of political and religious forces on how an organization functions and serves its beneficiaries.
Reading financial statements
Reading financial statements
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Charging for safety (in organizational context)
Charging for safety (in organizational context)
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Tracing sources of money
Tracing sources of money
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Understanding donor influence
Understanding donor influence
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Hidden issues revealed through accounts
Hidden issues revealed through accounts
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Understanding the Client System
Understanding the Client System
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Looking Below the Waterline
Looking Below the Waterline
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Inspiring Change
Inspiring Change
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Planning for Implementation
Planning for Implementation
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Accompanying Implementation
Accompanying Implementation
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Engaging the Client
Engaging the Client
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The Consultant
The Consultant
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Good Practice Consultancy
Good Practice Consultancy
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Surveys
Surveys
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Programming approach
Programming approach
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Semi-structured interviews
Semi-structured interviews
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Mapping out marker moments
Mapping out marker moments
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Analysis
Analysis
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Probing questions
Probing questions
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Using multiple methods
Using multiple methods
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Adjustments
Adjustments
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Organizational Assessment Tools
Organizational Assessment Tools
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Organizational Models
Organizational Models
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Onion Model
Onion Model
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Physical and Financial Resources
Physical and Financial Resources
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Human Capital
Human Capital
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Systems and Structures
Systems and Structures
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Tools used in Isolation
Tools used in Isolation
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Limitations of Assessment Tools
Limitations of Assessment Tools
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Prioritization
Prioritization
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Generative approach
Generative approach
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Deep understanding
Deep understanding
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External influences
External influences
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Influential power dynamics
Influential power dynamics
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Working processes
Working processes
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Dream (process)
Dream (process)
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Design (process)
Design (process)
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Listening to the head
Listening to the head
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Listening to the heart
Listening to the heart
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Listening to the feet
Listening to the feet
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Interviews
Interviews
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Effective questions
Effective questions
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Long pauses
Long pauses
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Strength of feelings
Strength of feelings
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Nonverbal cues
Nonverbal cues
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Study Notes
Understanding the Client System
- Understanding the client system is crucial for effective consultancy. It's like detective work, involving identifying the Civil Society Organisation (CSO) within its contextual influences.
- The process of change involves several stages, including understanding the client system, engaging the client, planning implementation, and accompanying implementation.
- Effective understanding requires analysing the wider system where the CSO operates. This includes relationships and the local culture.
- It's vital to investigate the organizational culture ("the way things are done"). Visible factors may not accurately represent the real situation.
- Seek information from diverse sources and employ various methods (e.g., observation, interviews, document review).
- Utilizing simple frameworks to interpret the complexities of the situation is beneficial.
- Active encouragement of collaborative self-diagnosis by the CSO is essential, potentially by withholding initial analysis to promote internal ownership and priority setting.
Appreciating the Wider Context
- Organizations exist within a larger context. Understanding this broader picture is essential for understanding a CSO.
- General Systems Theory highlights the interconnectedness of elements within a system, where cause and effect are intertwined and inseparable. An isolated view is insufficient.
- External factors like community events, national politics, and international relations affect CSOs.
- Local environment, values, and norms directly influence an organization's characteristics.
- Organizational contexts and behaviours are shaped by the environments in which they operate.
Looking Below the Waterline
- Much of organizational activity occurs "below the surface." Visible aspects like websites, documents, and mission statements offer only a limited understanding.
- Organizational culture is a significant factor. It represents deeply ingrained assumptions about proper behaviour. It's about the "way things are done."
- Reading the culture involves understanding informal, influential aspects such as relationships, political maneuvering, individual personalities, and decision-making processes.
- Consultants need to ascertain the deeper motivations, behaviors, and politics below the surface to understand the organization fully.
Data Gathering Methods
- The chosen data gathering methods depend on the specific project; however, multiple methods are frequently used.
- Multiple methods, including documents, observation, interviews, focus groups, and participatory assessments, are often used to ensure accuracy and completeness in gathering information.
- Evaluating financial statements and other internal documents yields a richer understanding of an organization's internal dynamics.
- Tracing funding sources reveals the influence of donors and other external pressures; this information aids in understanding why an organisation behaves the way it does.
Participatory Exercises
- Employing participatory exercises with staff is beneficial, encouraging ownership, and enhancing understanding of the organisation's history and pivotal events.
- Creating timelines of key events, visualizing organizational history as a river, or having participants draw the organisation can offer alternative and intuitive perspectives.
Organisational Assessment Tools
- Assessment tools are helpful for identifying strengths and weaknesses within an organisation, but are best utilized judiciously alongside other methods, and not on their own.
- Using assessment tools in isolation can result in a superficial or inaccurate understanding, especially when the tool itself becomes the primary focus.
Sense Making
- Using frameworks and models assists with interpreting the data gathered.
- Finding useful models, such as the McKinsey 7-S Model or an "onion" model, is beneficial for organizing and interpreting the data.
- The onion model depicts an organization as various interconnected layers, from physical and financial resources to leadership, culture, and identity, highlighting the importance of interconnectedness. Organizational strength lies in the coherence of these layers.
Analysing with the Client
- Employing a "dialogic" approach, rather than a "diagnostic" one, fosters ownership, energy, and collaborative analysis.
- Encouraging self-diagnosis by the client is often more effective for creating genuine change, rather than imposing solutions.
- Good analysis rarely directly motivates people. It's crucial to ensure that analysis leads to a shared sense of need for change.
- The appreciative inquiry method emphasizes identifying strengths rather than solely examining problems.
- Encouraging staff to express their best experiences builds positive momentum.
- Using creative methods like collaborative artwork or scenarios further deepens understanding and generates ownership.
- Prioritization is key to successful implementation; focusing on the "stinging bees" is more productive than an unprioritized list of recommendations.
Consultant Checklist of Questions
- Key questions to guide consultant investigations about the organization's external influences, internal dynamics, and strategies for change.
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