Understanding Test Score Attribution

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What is a psychological trait?

A feature that is uniform across all individuals

A superficial, temporary way one individual varies from another

A characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving at a specific moment in time

A distinguishable, relatively enduring way one individual varies from another (correct)

How are psychological traits and states quantified and measured?

By assuming all traits can be directly observed

By focusing on superficial characteristics

By relying solely on self-report measures

Through developing appropriate test items and scoring methods (correct)

Which of the following is an example of a state?

Specific intellectual abilities

Characteristic pattern of behavior in a specific moment (correct)

Sexual orientation

Adjustment style

What does cumulative scoring involve?

Scoring based on the test taker's consistency with the test manual Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a psychological trait?

Mood swings Signup and view all the answers

In testing and measurement, what does it mean to gauge the strength of a trait?

Evaluating the intensity or level of the trait in an individual Signup and view all the answers

What does predictive validity measure?

Relationship between test scores and a criterion obtained at a future time Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of utility analysis in testing?

Assessing the practical value of testing to improve efficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which type of validity focuses on the correlation between test scores and other variables?

Discriminant Evidence Signup and view all the answers

What does a validity coefficient provide a measure of?

Relationship between test scores and scores on the criterion measure Signup and view all the answers

In construct validation, what does convergent evidence involve?

High correlation with an established test measuring the same construct Signup and view all the answers

Which type of validity involves obtaining test scores at the same time as the criterion measures?

Concurrent Validity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a pilot study in test development?

To create a preliminary version of the test and determine the best way to measure the targeted construct Signup and view all the answers

Which format requires test takers to choose a response from a set of alternatives?

Selected-Response Format Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the item pool in test construction?

To provide a reservoir of potential items for the final test version Signup and view all the answers

What type of data is obtained from a Paired Comparison technique?

Nominal Signup and view all the answers

In Rank Order format, respondents are asked to:

Rank several items according to priority simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

What does Constant Sum format require respondents to do?

Allocate a constant sum of units among set of stimulus according to some criterion Signup and view all the answers

What does the Discrimination Index measure?

The difference between high and low scorers answering an item correctly Signup and view all the answers

Why is having a large item pool advantageous during test revision?

To easily replace removed items Signup and view all the answers

What does Co-norming refer to?

The creation or revision of test norms Signup and view all the answers

What does the Reliability Coefficient indicate?

The true score variance compared to the total variance Signup and view all the answers

What do errors of measurement in Classical Test Theory refer to?

Variance from irrelevant, random sources Signup and view all the answers

What does Item Sampling/Content Sampling refer to?

Variation among items within a test Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Convenience Sampling from other types of non-probability sampling?

Selection based on availability Signup and view all the answers

In Quota Sampling, how are individuals recruited for a survey?

Based on achieving a spread across the target population Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration during Purposive Sampling?

Conscious selection based on knowledge and understanding Signup and view all the answers

How does Snowball or Referral Sampling expand its sample size?

By asking recruited individuals to invite others to participate Signup and view all the answers

During test conceptualization, what is the main focus of brainstorming ideas?

The kind of test the developer wants to create Signup and view all the answers

What are some key considerations when conceptualizing a new test?

Who will benefit from the administration of the test Signup and view all the answers