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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the t-test in health sciences?
What is the primary purpose of the t-test in health sciences?
What is the key difference between the t-distribution and the normal distribution?
What is the key difference between the t-distribution and the normal distribution?
What happens to the t-distribution as the sample size increases?
What happens to the t-distribution as the sample size increases?
What is the assumption of normality in the context of the t-test?
What is the assumption of normality in the context of the t-test?
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What is the purpose of the one-sample t-test?
What is the purpose of the one-sample t-test?
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What is the assumption of independence in the context of the t-test?
What is the assumption of independence in the context of the t-test?
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What is the purpose of the independent-samples t-test?
What is the purpose of the independent-samples t-test?
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What is the assumption of homogeneity of variance in the context of the t-test?
What is the assumption of homogeneity of variance in the context of the t-test?
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What is the primary difference between the paired-samples t-test and the independent-samples t-test?
What is the primary difference between the paired-samples t-test and the independent-samples t-test?
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What is the main purpose of the independent-samples t-test?
What is the main purpose of the independent-samples t-test?
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Which type of t-test is used to compare the means of the same group at two different time points?
Which type of t-test is used to compare the means of the same group at two different time points?
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What is the key difference between independent-samples and paired-samples t-tests?
What is the key difference between independent-samples and paired-samples t-tests?
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What is an example of when to use an independent-samples t-test?
What is an example of when to use an independent-samples t-test?
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What is the purpose of the paired-samples t-test?
What is the purpose of the paired-samples t-test?
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What is an example of when to use a paired-samples t-test?
What is an example of when to use a paired-samples t-test?
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What should you do if you have more than two groups or more than two time points?
What should you do if you have more than two groups or more than two time points?
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What is the definition of an independent-samples t-test?
What is the definition of an independent-samples t-test?
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What is the main difference between an independent-samples t-test and a paired-samples t-test?
What is the main difference between an independent-samples t-test and a paired-samples t-test?
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What is an example of when to use an independent-samples t-test, and what is an example of when to use a paired-samples t-test?
What is an example of when to use an independent-samples t-test, and what is an example of when to use a paired-samples t-test?
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Study Notes
T-Distribution
- The t-distribution, also known as Student's t-distribution, is a probability distribution that is symmetric and bell-shaped, but has heavier tails than the normal distribution, making it suitable for smaller sample sizes.
- The t-distribution approaches the shape of the standard normal distribution as the sample size increases.
Degrees of Freedom
- The degrees of freedom (df) in a t-distribution depend on the sample size and play a crucial role in determining the shape of the distribution.
Assumptions of T-Test
- Normality: data within each group should be approximately normally distributed.
- Independence: observations within each group must be independent of each other.
- Homogeneity of variance: the variance within each group should be approximately equal.
Types of T-Test
- One-Sample T-Test: compares the mean of a single sample to a known or hypothesised population mean.
- Independent-Samples T-Test: compares the means of two independent groups.
- Paired-Samples T-Test (Dependent-Samples T-Test): compares the means of two related groups.
One-Sample T-Test
- Used when researchers have a single sample and want to determine if the sample mean is significantly different from a known or hypothesised population mean.
- Example: investigating whether the mean body mass index (BMI) of a sample of individuals differs significantly from the population mean BMI.
Independent-Samples T-Test
- Used to compare the mean blood pressure levels between patients receiving a new drug and those receiving a placebo.
Paired-Samples T-Test (Dependent-Samples T-Test)
- Used when comparing the means of the same group at two different time points or under two different conditions.
- Example: assessing the difference in cholesterol levels before and after a dietary intervention within the same group of participants.
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Description
Learn about the t-test and t-distribution, essential statistical tools for hypothesis testing in health sciences, especially when sample size is small or population standard deviation is unknown.