Understanding Space and Place Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes 'space' from 'place'?

  • Space requires cultural significance, whereas place does not.
  • Space is a location filled with human meanings, while place is not.
  • Space is abstract with no inherent meaning unless interpreted. (correct)
  • Space has social connections while place does not.

Which concept refers to the negative emotional response towards a place?

  • Topophobia (correct)
  • Topophilia
  • Territoriality
  • Home

What describes a person's direct experience with a place?

  • Expectations
  • Real attributes (correct)
  • Contrived attributes
  • Perceived attributes

What principle is associated with the legal rights of property ownership?

<p>Castle Doctrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can places be influenced and branded according to individual beliefs?

<p>By choosing what to believe and communicate about them (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the shared emotional connection people may feel towards a place?

<p>Sense of place (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must an individual do under the duty-to-retreat principle?

<p>Retreat if possible instead of defending themselves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of attribute results from manipulated beliefs often seen in marketing?

<p>Contrived attributes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a basic right of property ownership?

<p>Right to inhabit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily shapes a person's expectations of a place?

<p>Personal experiences and others' experiences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What purpose does graffiti serve for gang members?

<p>To communicate within the gang (C), To mark territory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor has the least impact on a person's sense of safety in an urban area?

<p>Proximity to entertainment venues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What misconception often exists about where illegal guns originate?

<p>Most were originally legal firearms in Canada (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about gang activity in Canada is accurate?

<p>Most gangs have 8-15 members. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of neighborhood are crime rates typically underestimated?

<p>Wealthy white neighborhoods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Crime Severity Index function?

<p>It ranks crimes based on their severity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What misconception exists regarding the safety of downtown areas compared to suburbs?

<p>Downtowns are always considered unsafe. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cities in Canada exhibit the highest crime severity rates?

<p>Cities in the prairies like Edmonton and Saskatoon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main reasons Purple Loosestrife is detrimental to wildlife in North America?

<p>It creates dense growth that inhibits animal movement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method was implemented to control the spread of Asian Carp in the Great Lakes?

<p>Electrical barriers to block their movement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the introduction of Zebra and Quagga Mussels?

<p>They clogged water intake pipes, causing operational issues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which control method was NOT used in managing Sea Lamprey populations?

<p>Application of hormones to disrupt breeding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable impact of Round Goby on the ecosystem?

<p>They prey on Zebra mussels, which reduces their population. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the Asian Long-Horned Beetle's impact on trees?

<p>Efforts to eradicate it led to the removal of many trees. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the origin of Asian Carp's introduction into the United States?

<p>Escaped species from agricultural environments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the method used to control Zebra and Quagga Mussels without biological control?

<p>Zequanox that specifically kills only the mussels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of an apple is toxic when chewed?

<p>Seeds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of contact with the sap of the Manchineel tree?

<p>Burn-like blisters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant is known for having furocoumarins that cause skin reactions when exposed to sunlight?

<p>Giant Hogweed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plants is NOT specifically noted for its toxicity to both humans and animals?

<p>Beets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant's flowers bloom from July to August and is characterized by a stout green stem with purple spots?

<p>Spotted Water Hemlock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes invasive species from native species in a biome?

<p>Invasive species are non-native to the biome. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What compound in raw lima beans makes them potentially toxic?

<p>Cyanogenic glycosides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding Nutmeg?

<p>Causes nutmeg poisoning due to myristicin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a trophic cascade?

<p>A chain reaction in the food chain resulting from the addition or removal of a top predator. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a keystone species?

<p>A species upon which other species in an ecosystem largely depend. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Chiroptophobia?

<p>The fear of bats specifically. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hematophagy?

<p>A dietary trait involving the consumption of blood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does arachnophobia exist in humans?

<p>Linked to an evolutionary response towards poisonous spiders. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medical use is associated with peptides from the Gila monster and certain rattlesnakes?

<p>Treatment for diabetes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which snake is known for producing neurotoxins that can kill an elephant with one bite?

<p>King Cobra (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the Boa Constrictor is true?

<p>It is commonly used in the exotic pet trade. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Yellow Belly Snake?

<p>It is the most widely distributed snake in the world. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason snakes are released into communities?

<p>To control opossum and rodent populations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals is considered a native predator that provides critical services?

<p>Leopards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is projected to reduce deer-vehicle collisions in the US?

<p>Repopulation of cougars (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which animal is identified as the most dangerous according to the content?

<p>Humans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has contributed to the endangerment of sharks since the 1990s?

<p>Overfishing and collisions with vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What legislation did Ontario implement regarding pit bull-type dogs in 2005?

<p>Adopted a province-wide ban on pit bulls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of government-backed wolf extermination programs in Canada?

<p>Extinction of wolves in certain areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which animal was NOT listed among the top dangerous animals after humans?

<p>Polar Bear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable health issue linked to the decline of red fox populations?

<p>Increased Lyme disease cases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which spider is known for having a necrotic venom that can cause tissue damage?

<p>Brown recluse spider (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason yellow sac spiders typically arrive in Canada?

<p>They hitch rides on grape shipments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which spider is recognized for its glossy black body and reddish markings?

<p>Black widow spider (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How harmful is the bite of a wolf spider compared to other dangerous spiders?

<p>Causes minor redness or swelling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding scorpions and their danger to humans?

<p>Most stings occur from accidental encounters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scorpion species is found in Canada?

<p>Northern Scorpion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the fear of snakes?

<p>Ophidiophobia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a belief about snakes and their venomous bites?

<p>Snakebite envenoming can be non-lethal in many cases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of infants are fully immunized in the poorest countries?

<p>7% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of Canadians is most likely to trust vaccines?

<p>Parents in Atlantic Canada (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary reason for parents' doubts about vaccines?

<p>Concerns about side effects and allergic reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical event led to the start of anti-vaccination movements in England?

<p>Mandatory vaccination laws (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which timeframe were there treated cases of the Ebola virus in the US?

<p>2014-2016 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outbreak of Zika virus linked to?

<p>Travel-related cases from Africa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the 2003 SARS outbreak in Toronto?

<p>Global cooperation on disease transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition makes older people more vulnerable to West Nile virus?

<p>Weakened immune system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which states have no vaccine exemption?

<p>California, Maine, and West Virginia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the largest outbreak of Ebola noted in the content?

<p>Democratic Republic of the Congo outbreak (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily characterizes a pandemic?

<p>Geographic spread affecting a large portion of the population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vector is responsible for transmitting the plague bacteria to humans?

<p>Fleas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the high impact of smallpox on First Nations in North America?

<p>Absence of previous exposure to contagious diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the Bubonic Plague is accurate?

<p>It is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What measures were implemented by the WHO to eliminate smallpox?

<p>Global vaccination programs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of vaccines in disease prevention?

<p>To expose the immune system to weakened or killed pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the geographic spread of the plague likely occur?

<p>Via trade routes connecting affected regions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the Black Death in Europe?

<p>Improvement in standards of living post-plague (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of Ontario's immunization schedule is crucial for school attendance?

<p>Specific vaccinations for children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) focused on?

<p>Ensuring access to routine vaccines for mothers and children (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sense of Place

Subjective experience of a location, shaped by personal and shared experiences, and imbued with meaning.

Space vs. Place

Space is an abstract location with no inherent meaning, while a place is a space imbued with human meaning and experience.

Place Attributes

Real, perceived, and contrived characteristics of a place that shape our experiences and expectations.

Topophilia

Positive feelings or emotional connection to a place.

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Topophobia

Negative feelings or anxieties associated with a place.

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Territoriality

Attempt to influence, control, or claim a geographic area or resources.

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Castle Doctrine

Legal principle allowing self-defense in one's home.

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Property Rights

Basic rights associated with owning property: exclusivity, transferability, and enforcement.

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Deed

Legal document transferring ownership of land from one party to another.

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Yi-Fu Tuan

Geographer who distinguished between 'space' and 'place'.

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Gang Tagging

Graffiti used by gangs to mark territory, declare allegiance, show power, and challenge rivals.

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Opportunistic Gangs

Small (8-15 members) disorganized gangs, often well-armed.

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Crime Severity Index

Measures crime severity by counting and ranking crimes.

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Illegal Guns in Canada

Many illegal guns in Canada originate from legal Canadian firearms, not just the US.

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Crime Hotspots (Canada)

Small urban areas have higher crime rates than larger cities in the prairies.

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Factors Affecting Sense of Place (Safety)

Social factors like status, security, and perceived danger influence feelings of safety in an area.

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Physical Environment (Security)

Well-lit, busy areas with visible police presence are associated with a sense of safety.

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Crime Research Challenges

Crime research can be challenging due to various complexities and obstacles.

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What is a poisonous part of the apple?

The seeds of an apple contain a compound that breaks down into toxic hydrogen cyanide during digestion.

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Why is mango sap dangerous?

Mango peel and sap contain urushiol, which can cause allergic reactions in some people.

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What makes the Manchineel Tree dangerous?

The Manchineel Tree is poisonous in all parts. Its sap causes burns and blisters upon skin contact.

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Giant Hogweed

An invasive species that causes skin inflammation and burns when touched.

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Wild Parsnip

Similar to Giant Hogweed, it contains furocoumarins that cause burns and blistering when exposed to sunlight.

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What makes Spotted Water Hemlock dangerous?

Contains a toxic alcohol called cicutoxin that attacks the central nervous system.

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Invasive Species

Non-native species that outcompete native plants and animals, disrupting ecosystems.

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What is the most dangerous tree in the world?

The Manchineel Tree is considered the most dangerous tree in the world due to its highly toxic sap.

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Purple Loosestrife

An invasive plant from Europe that outcompetes native plants in wetlands, creating dense, unusable habitat for wildlife.

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Zebra and Quagga Mussels

Invasive mollusks from the Black and Caspian Seas that clog water intake pipes and disrupt ecosystems.

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Asian Carp

A group of invasive fish species that outcompete native fish and disrupt ecosystems.

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Sea Lamprey

An invasive parasitic fish from the Atlantic Ocean that decimated Great Lakes fish populations.

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Round Goby

An invasive fish species from the Black and Caspian Seas that preys on Zebra mussels.

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Asian Long-horned Beetle

An invasive insect that damages trees by feeding on their woody tissue.

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Biological Control

Using natural predators or other organisms to control invasive species.

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Trophic Cascade

A change in an ecosystem caused by adding or removing a top predator, affecting populations of other animals and plants in the food chain.

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Keystone Species

A species crucial for maintaining the balance of an ecosystem. Its absence greatly disrupts the ecosystem.

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Chiroptophobia

An intense fear of bats.

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What is hematophagy?

The habit of feeding on blood.

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Arachnophobia

An intense fear of spiders and other arachnids like scorpions and ticks.

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Most Dangerous Animal

Humans are considered the most dangerous animal due to their capacity to cause harm to themselves and the planet.

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Predator Services

Native predators, like leopards, bats, and vultures, provide crucial services like disease control, pest management, and waste disposal.

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Shark Attacks

Continental USA is a hotspot for shark attacks, but sharks are increasingly facing threats like overfishing and ship collisions.

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Dog Attacks

Pit bull-type dogs and Rottweilers are often involved in fatal dog attacks, highlighting the importance of responsible dog ownership.

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Wolf Eradication

Government-backed programs in the mid-20th century led to widespread wolf extermination, resulting in ecological imbalances.

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Mosquitoes and Disease

Mosquitoes are considered one of the most dangerous animals due to their role in transmitting diseases like malaria and Zika virus.

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Tsetse Fly

The tsetse fly is known for transmitting African trypanosomiasis, a deadly disease that affects both humans and animals.

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Saltwater Crocodile

Saltwater crocodiles are large apex predators that can pose a threat to humans, particularly in coastal areas.

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Necrotic Venom

Venom that causes tissue death around the bite, leaving a painful sore.

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Black Widow Spider Bite

A bite from a black widow spider can cause mild muscle pain and, in rare cases, be fatal. The venom is injected only when the spider feels threatened.

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Yellow Sac Spider Bite

The bite is less painful than other venomous spiders, but causes swelling and muscle pain.

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Wolf Spider Bite

A bite from a wolf spider causes mild redness and swelling, making it one of the least harmful spider bites in Canada.

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Scorpion Sting

Most scorpion stings are not dangerous to humans. Only a few species have venom strong enough to be fatal.

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Ophidiophobia

The fear of snakes.

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Snakebite Envenoming

A potential life-threatening condition caused by the injection of venom following a venomous snake bite.

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Why are some spiders venomous?

Venom helps spiders immobilize their prey and protect themselves from predators.

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King Cobra Venom

The neurotoxin produced by a King Cobra is potent enough to kill an elephant with a single bite.

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Indian Cobra

The Indian Cobra is one of the four largest snakes in South Asia and is responsible for a significant number of human deaths in Asia.

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Boa Constrictor

A non-venomous snake found in Mexico and South America, commonly kept as a pet and harvested for its skin.

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Eastern Massasauga Rattle Snake

The only venomous snake found in Ontario, Canada.

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Beaked Sea Snake

Known for its aggressive nature and short fangs, it is a dangerous snake found in the ocean.

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Medical Geography

The study of how health and disease are influenced by the relationship between humans and their environment.

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Epidemiology

The study of how diseases spread, their distribution, and how to control them.

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Pandemic

A global epidemic where a disease affects a large portion of the population.

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Bubonic plague

A deadly disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, transmitted through fleas on rodents.

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How does the plague spread?

Fleas on infected rats become infectious and spread the bacteria to humans when the rat population decreases.

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Smallpox

A highly contagious and deadly virus with no known cure that has been eradicated worldwide.

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Impact of Smallpox on First Nations

European colonists brought smallpox to North America, causing devastating epidemics among First Nations populations who had no immunity.

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Vaccine

A substance that helps the body develop immunity to a disease by introducing a weakened or inactive version of the pathogen.

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WHO's Expanded Program on Immunization

A global program aiming to ensure all infants and children have access to essential vaccines.

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GAVI (Global Vaccine Alliance)

An organization that works to provide equal access to vaccines for children living in the poorest countries.

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Vaccination Hesitancy

Reluctance or refusal to vaccinate oneself or one's children due to concerns about safety, effectiveness, or other factors.

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MMR Vaccine Controversy

A controversial study in 1998 linked the MMR vaccine to autism, fueling anti-vaccination sentiment despite the study being retracted and disproven.

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Mandatory Vaccination Laws

Laws that require individuals to be vaccinated, often with exemptions for medical or religious reasons, aimed at protecting public health.

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Ebola Virus

A highly contagious and deadly virus spread through bodily fluids, causing internal and external bleeding, often fatal.

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Zika Virus

A mosquito-borne virus that causes mild symptoms in most people but can lead to birth defects in babies born to infected mothers.

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SARS

A respiratory illness caused by a virus, similar to COVID-19, that spread rapidly in 2003, causing a pandemic.

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West Nile Virus

A mosquito-borne virus that infects birds primarily, but can also be transmitted to humans, causing mild to severe symptoms.

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Global Distribution of West Nile Virus

The distribution of the West Nile virus is affected by the presence of mosquitoes, with hot areas being more susceptible.

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Ebola Outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo

A major Ebola outbreak occurred in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2019, leading to a large number of deaths.

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Cutter Incident

A major incident in 1955 where a lab mixed live polio virus with the inactivated virus in a vaccine, resulting in contamination and illness.

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Study Notes

Location

  • A particular place is defined by spatial coordinates (name, address, area).
  • Subjective descriptions (e.g., "zone of the city") can also define places.
  • Places are relative to adjacent locations.

Space vs. Place

  • Space is abstract and meaningless until given context.
  • Place is a location with meaning and experiences given by human interaction.
  • Key thinkers who defined space and place include Yi-Fu Tuan and Edward Relph.

Sense of Place

  • Sense of place is where a space transforms into a place with human experiences and social behaviour.
  • Place is characterised by subjective characteristics, geography, and individual psychology.
  • Subjective perception of a place is linked to personal experiences and shared experiences within both that location and elsewhere.

Creating Place

  • Individuals shape places by constructing beliefs about them and sharing these beliefs with others.
  • This can influence others' perception of the area.

Topophilia & Topophobia

  • Topophilia refers to positive feelings about a place.
  • Topophobia refers to negative feelings about a place; these emotions and behaviours are influenced by place itself.

The Nature of Place

  • Places are the result of interactions between people and the attributes of those places.
  • These attributes can be real, perceived, or contrived (e.g., perceptions and experiences about attributes).
  • Experiences and expectations shape our perceptions of places.

Territoriality

  • People attempt to control and influence their territory, delimiting geographic areas to assert control.
  • Ownership and security within a territory create a sense of comfort, identity and familiarity.

The Castle Doctrine

  • Legal principle allowing individuals defence against imminent threats in their homes or person.
  • Legal principle also applies to the right to defend a property.
  • Right to own property is a fundamental right.
  • Includes exclusivity, transferability, and enforcement.
  • Legal documents like deeds and titles transfer land ownership.

Gang Tagging

  • Gang culture is associated with marking territory through graffiti, declaring allegiance, advertising status, and challenging rivals.
  • Gang communication uses symbols and codes to convey messages.
  • Gangs are commonly associated with smaller, disorganized groups.

Factors Affecting Sense of Place/Danger

  • Social status (stigma) and security/stress shape perceptions.
  • Physical attributes (e.g., lighting, open areas) can influence our perceived safety.

Crime in Relation to Place

  • Crime severity indexes are used to compare crime rates across different locations.
  • Certain neighbourhoods and cities may have more violence or crime than others.
  • Factors like racial profiling and demographics can influence crime statistics, particularly for specific population groups.

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Related Documents

GEO 210 Lecture 10: Sense of Place, Danger, and Crime (PDF)
GEO 210 Lecture 9: Dangerous Plants and Invasive Species (PDF)
GEO 210 Lecture 8 PDF
GEO 210 Lecture 7: Epidemiological Dangers PDF

Description

Explore the fundamental differences between space and place, and how human interactions give significance to locations. This quiz highlights key thinkers and concepts such as sense of place and topophilia, revealing the subjective nature of our experiences in various environments.

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