Understanding Societal Terms

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Questions and Answers

What significant discovery did John Cabot make in 1497?

The coastal villages of the St.Lawrence Iroquoians

The Great Fishing Banks of the Atlantic (correct)

The rich mineral deposits in Quebec

A passage to Asia

What was one of Jacques Cartier's goals during his voyages?

To establish trade relations with Spain

To explore the Arctic regions

To create a fishing colony

To find a western route to Asia (correct)

What was a major consequence of the fur trading companies on the population of New France?

Positively influenced settlement patterns

Rapid population growth

High levels of immigration from Europe

The population remained low (correct)

Which of the following was NOT a goal of Jacques Cartier during his voyages?

To create maritime trade routes with Asia Signup and view all the answers

What economic policy governed the relationship between New France and France?

Mercantilism Signup and view all the answers

What was one role of the Catholic Church in New France?

Providing education for young children Signup and view all the answers

Which major disease contributed to the decrease in the Indigenous population?

Smallpox Signup and view all the answers

What effect did European products have on Aboriginals in New France?

Decreased reliance on traditional practices Signup and view all the answers

What role did Iroquoian women primarily fulfill in their society?

Gathering and agriculture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Iroquois Confederacy?

A partnership among several groups Signup and view all the answers

In the context of gift-giving among First Occupants, what does reciprocity refer to?

An exchange of goods and favors Signup and view all the answers

What primary means did the First Occupants use to make clothing?

Animal skins Signup and view all the answers

Why did Europeans begin exploring new routes in the 15th and 16th centuries?

Due to the loss of traditional trade routes Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant impact of the relationship between the French and Indigenous people?

The establishment of trade in furs and European goods Signup and view all the answers

What housing structures did Algonquian men help construct?

Wigwams and canoes Signup and view all the answers

Which group inhabited the harsh, frozen areas of northern Quebec?

Inuit Signup and view all the answers

What describes the way of life of the Iroquois?

Sedentary, practicing agriculture Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Algonquian social organization is true?

Men were in control of social structures. Signup and view all the answers

What type of dwelling did the Iroquois live in?

Longhouses Signup and view all the answers

What best defines the 'Way of Life' for the Inuit?

Nomadic with hunting Signup and view all the answers

Which activity was NOT a subsistence activity for the Algonquian?

Farming the 3 sisters Signup and view all the answers

What factor determined the power of the Algonquian band chief?

Hunting ability and leadership qualities Signup and view all the answers

What describes the economic activities of the Iroquois?

Sedentary agriculture and farming Signup and view all the answers

Which environment did the First Occupants cross into North America from?

Bering Strait Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Important Terms to Know

Economic: A system related to how a society produces and distributes goods and services.
Cultural: Refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, and traditions of a group of people.
Political: The system of governing a society, including laws, institutions, and leaders.
Social: The interactions and relationships among people in a society.
Cause: The reason or explanation for an event or action occurring.
Consequence: The result or effect of an event or action.
Way of Life: The customs and traditions of a particular group of people.
Physiographic region: A region identified based on its physical geography, like landforms, ecosystems, or climate.
Dwelling: A place where people live.
Linguistic group: Groups of people who speak the same or similar languages.
Subsistence Activity: Activities designed to maintain a basic existence, such as hunting, gathering, or farming.
Demographic: Related to the statistical study of populations.

Bering Strait Theory

30,000 BCE: First occupants crossed the Bering Land Bridge from Asia to North America.
15,000 BCE: Ice melt formed a corridor, allowing access to the North American interior.
12,000 BCE: People settled in Quebec.

Algonquian Way of Life

Way of life: Nomadic, constantly moving to follow game; hunted, fished, and gathered for survival.
Social: Patriarchal society, men/fathers in control.
Dwellings: Wigwams.
Political: Decision-making led by a band chief, whose power based on qualities like hunting and courage.

Iroquois Way of Life

Way of life: Sedentary, staying in one place; practiced agriculture (corn, beans, squash).
Social: Matriarchal society, women/mothers in control.
Dwellings: Longhouses surrounded by palisades.
Political: Decision-making by a village council of men appointed by clan mothers.

Inuit Way of Life

Way of life: Nomadic, moving to hunt seals, walruses, beluga whales, and caribou.
Social: Patriarchal society, men/fathers in control.
Dwellings: Igloos in winter, tents in summer; used parkas and dog sleds.

Roles of Men and Women

Iroquoian men: Hunted, fished, built longhouses, and defended the community.
Iroquoian women: Practiced agriculture, gathered food, took care of children.
Algonquian men: Fished, hunted, traded, and made tools like canoes and snowshoes.
Algonquian women: Gathered food, did domestic tasks, made clothes and prepared animal hides.

Passing of Knowledge

First occupants had no written system.
Elders recounted myths and history to ensure cultural continuity.

Alliances and Rivalries

Alliances: Partnerships between groups for mutual benefit.
Rivalries: Conflicts and competition between groups.

European Exploration Reasons

1453: The Turks blocked traditional trade routes to Asia, prompting Europeans to seek new routes.
Europeans explored the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.
Colonization efforts led to the establishment of trading relationships with first nations.

Cod Fisheries

1497: John Cabot discovered valuable cod fishing grounds off Newfoundland.
Cod fishing and whaling were vital economic activities.

Voyages of Jacques Cartier

Goals: Establish a colony, find a western route to Asia, discover precious metals (gold).
Explored the St. Lawrence River, encountered indigenous groups, and made claims for France.
Cartier's voyages resulted in the start of a French presence in New France.

Economy Policy - Mercantilism

Mercantilism: Colonies exist to provide raw materials to the mother country (France).
Colonies' raw materials then turned into manufactured goods, sold for profit.

The Seigneurial System

A system for dividing land in New France.
Land was organized in long narrow strips perpendicular to the St. Lawrence River.
Land provided food for people and the system supported population growth.

The Fur Trade

Fur trade was a primary goal for colonization in early New France.
French traded European goods (tools, metal goods, etc.) for fur from Indigenous peoples.
Fur was then brought back to Europe to be turned into commodities like hats, clothes, and other items.

Review Questions (Chapter 1)

Physiographic Regions: Determine how environment influenced first nations.
Maliseet and Mi'kmaq Movement: Understand reasons for regular relocation.
Iroquois Lifestyle & Subsistence: Connect sedentary lifestyle to agriculture.
Leadership and Decision-Making: How did chiefs' leadership influence decision-making.
Knowledge and Culture Transmission: How Indigenous cultures preserved their knowledge.
Communication Roles: Significance of communication methods for indigenous communities.

Review Questions (Chapter 2)

Mercantilism and Colonial Economies: Explain colony's role in the mercantilism system.
Mandated Colonizers Responsibility: Identify individuals responsible for colonial development,
French Alliance Motives: Reasons for French alliances.
Company of One Hundred Associates: Obligations, privileges and benefits.
Colonies Social Structures: Describe early colony social organization.

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Description

Test your knowledge on important terms related to economics, culture, politics, and social interactions within societies. This quiz covers essential concepts that define how communities function and interact with their environment. Perfect for students studying social sciences or cultural studies.