40 Questions
What is the primary function of the Sleep-Wake Homeostasis mechanism?
To exert pressure to sleep based on the duration of wakefulness
What is the term for the accumulation of sleep deficiency over time?
Sleep Debt
What is the name of the group of neurons responsible for directing circadian rhythms?
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
What is the role of melatonin in regulating circadian rhythms?
It varies in concentration based on light levels
What is the name of the system responsible for regulating wakefulness and sleep-wake transitions?
Reticular Activating System
What is the name of the newly discovered waste-removal pathway in the brain?
Glymphatic System
What is the primary factor that influences the circadian rhythm?
The light/dark cycle of the sun
What is the condition necessary for the Reticular Activating System to function properly?
A calm mind and a calm body
What is the primary function of the glymphatic system in the brain?
To clear waste products from the brain tissue
During which stage of sleep is the glymphatic system most active?
NREM Stage 3
What is the name of the protein that accumulates in the brains of Alzheimer's patients and is removed by the glymphatic system?
Amyloid-beta
How many cycles of sleep do most people typically experience per night?
4-6 cycles
What is the term for the space between brain cells that increases during deep sleep, allowing for efficient waste removal?
Extracellular space
What is the primary tool used to measure the electrical activity in the brain during sleep?
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Which of the following neurological disorders is associated with impaired glymphatic function?
Multiple sclerosis
How many stages of NREM sleep are there?
3 stages
What type of brain waves are present during N3 deep sleep?
Delta waves with smaller faster waves
What is the primary difference between N1 and N2 sleep stages?
N1 has slower brain waves, while N2 has slower brain waves and sleep spindles
What is the recommended amount of sleep for children aged 3-5 years?
10-13 hours a day
What is the term for the sleep state characterized by rapid eye movement, muscle paralysis, and vivid dreams?
REM sleep
What is the consequence of sleep disturbance on the immune system?
Immune changes
What is the term for the sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and falling asleep during the day?
Narcolepsy
What is the term for the sleep stage characterized by uncontrolled muscle jerks, hypnotic jerks, and eye movement stops?
N1
What is the primary difference between acute and chronic consequences of sleep disturbance?
Acute consequences are short-term, while chronic consequences are long-term
Which of the following sleep disorders has a higher prevalence in women, especially during pregnancy?
Restless Leg Syndrome
What is a common symptom of Restless Leg Syndrome?
Crawling feeling and urge to move limbs
What is the primary cause of obstructive sleep apnea?
Obesity
Which of the following is a risk factor for insomnia?
Advancing age
Which of the following sleep disorders is caused by a problem with the circadian rhythm?
Delayed sleep phase disorder
What is a potential treatment for Restless Leg Syndrome?
All of the above
Which of the following sleep disorders is caused by a problem with the sleep environment?
Shift work sleep disruptions
What is a common symptom of sleep-disordered breathing?
Shortness of breath
What is the most common age group affected by somnambulism?
School-aged children
What is the term for uncontrolled urination during sleep?
Enuresis
What is the term for the 'Gold Standard' of sleep assessment?
Polysomnography
What is the significance of a BMI > 95th percentile in sleep assessment?
It is a risk factor for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
What is the term for the examination of the tongue, jaw, and palate in sleep assessment?
Otolaryngological Assessment
What is the term for the measurement of serum ferritin in sleep assessment?
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) test
What is the term for a sudden episode of fear, often accompanied by a scream, during sleep?
Sleep terror
What is the significance of a low BMI in sleep assessment?
It is a risk factor for insomnia
Learn about the internal biological mechanisms that regulate wakefulness and sleep, including sleep-wake homeostasis and circadian rhythms. Understand how sleep debt accumulates and how to pay it down. Test your knowledge of these essential physiological processes.
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