Understanding Sexism and Prostitution Issues

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary definition of sexism as described?

Oppression against women (correct)

Social injustice in workplace policies

Economic disparity between genders

Discrimination based on race

Which of the following best describes institutional sexism?

Casual jokes that reinforce stereotypes

Unconscious beliefs about gender roles

Biases expressed in personal conversations

Systematic issues in government and education (correct)

What differentiates equality feminism from difference feminism?

One focuses on legal reforms while the other focuses on cultural change

One advocates for equal pay, while the other emphasizes the importance of motherhood

One seeks to dismantle sexist institutions, while the other values unique female perspectives (correct)

One promotes political representation, while the other addresses personal relationships

Which scenario exemplifies interpersonal sexism?

Casual derogatory remarks made at a social gathering Signup and view all the answers

How does Nussbaum argue against the perception that prostitutes lack autonomy?

Criminalization leads to fewer choices and greater risks Signup and view all the answers

What is a common argument against legalization of prostitution?

It could lead to health risks and exploitation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates progress in combating sexism?

An equal representation of men and women in all fields Signup and view all the answers

What implication does a focus on differences between genders often hold?

It might reinforce stereotypes and justify unequal treatment Signup and view all the answers

How does Nussbaum counter the argument that prostitution devalues non-commodified sex?

She compares it to the coexistence of different literary forms. Signup and view all the answers

What is Nussbaum's view on the institution of marriage and male dominance?

It reinforces male dominance but should be reformed. Signup and view all the answers

What potential benefits does Nussbaum see in the legalization of prostitution?

It would improve safety, dignity, and working conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What concern does Satz raise about the perception of women in prostitution?

It makes them appear inferior to men. Signup and view all the answers

How does Satz view the morality of male prostitution compared to female prostitution?

Female prostitution carries greater moral implications due to stereotypes. Signup and view all the answers

What does Marquis claim about the future of a fetus compared to that of a child?

Both have valuable futures that should be considered. Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of Marquis's argument against abortion?

It revolves around depriving the fetus of its future. Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances does Marquis consider abortion not wrong?

If it prevents greater loss to the mother or fetus. Signup and view all the answers

According to Rachels, how does passive euthanasia involve the physician?

The physician actively decides to withhold treatment. Signup and view all the answers

When does Rachels argue that active euthanasia is preferable?

When it reduces suffering and provides a humane death. Signup and view all the answers

What does Steinbock suggest about the morality of killing versus letting die?

Letting someone die can be morally acceptable. Signup and view all the answers

How important is the physician’s intention in the context of assessing moral action, according to Steinbock?

It is crucial to evaluate the morality of the means used. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sexism

Definition: Oppression against women, systemic violence similar to racism.
Levels:
- Institutional: Embedded in social structures (e.g., government, education; male-dominated leadership).
- Interpersonal: Everyday interactions.
- Unconscious: Hidden biases (e.g., "mechanics are better").
Feminist Views:
- Equality Feminism: Dismantling sexist systems, promoting equal opportunities.
- Difference Feminism: Recognizing unique female perspectives.

Taking Money for Bodily Services

Critique of Prostitution:
- Health Risks: Common concern.
- Lack of Autonomy: Question of choice in difficult circumstances.
- Commodification: The act of selling sex argued to reduce value of intimate relationships.
Nussbaum's Response:
- Autonomy: Criminalization does not help; improve working conditions, respect choices.
- Relationship Value: Prostitution does not diminish the value of non-commodified sex.
- Marriage as a Social Institution: Traditional marriage has often reinforced male dominance; Nussbaum supports equal rights for women within marriage.

Markets in Women's Sexual Labour

Satz's Response to Anderson: Prostitution does not diminish the value of non-commodified sex; the real problem is societal inequality and harmful stereotypes about women.
Disadvantage of Women: Economic and social disadvantages often lead women into prostitution.
Male VS Female Prostitution: Satz argues that societal views of men in prostitution are different from women, therefore her arguments against female prostitution might not apply to male prostitution.

Why Abortion is Immoral

Marquis's Argument: Abortion is wrong because it deprives the fetus of a valuable future, not a religious concept.
Circumstances where abortion may not be wrong: severe threat to the mother's life, or fatal fetal abnormalities.
Potential Personhood: Marquis's position does not depend on the concept of potential personhood. Focuses on the value of lived experience.

Active and Passive Euthanasia

Rachels's Perspective:
- Passive Euthanasia: Physician actively decides to withhold treatment, it's an act.
- Active Euthanasia: Preferable when it reduces suffering - a faster, painless solution to prolonged pain.
- Killing vs. Letting Die: Not automatically morally different; depends on intent and consequences.
Steinbock's Perspective:
- Physician's Intention: Crucial.
- Unintended Consequences: Actions can have unfortunate consequences, but intent can justify them.
- Euthanasia Request: Respect for patient autonomy, but consider broader ethical and legal implications.

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Description

This quiz explores the complex topics of sexism and the critique of prostitution, including various feminist perspectives and the implications of commodifying bodily services. Engage with questions that challenge your understanding of systemic oppression and autonomy in these contexts.