Understanding Sexism and Prostitution Issues
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary definition of sexism as described?

  • Oppression against women (correct)
  • Social injustice in workplace policies
  • Economic disparity between genders
  • Discrimination based on race

Which of the following best describes institutional sexism?

  • Casual jokes that reinforce stereotypes
  • Unconscious beliefs about gender roles
  • Biases expressed in personal conversations
  • Systematic issues in government and education (correct)

What differentiates equality feminism from difference feminism?

  • One focuses on legal reforms while the other focuses on cultural change
  • One advocates for equal pay, while the other emphasizes the importance of motherhood
  • One seeks to dismantle sexist institutions, while the other values unique female perspectives (correct)
  • One promotes political representation, while the other addresses personal relationships

Which scenario exemplifies interpersonal sexism?

<p>Casual derogatory remarks made at a social gathering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Nussbaum argue against the perception that prostitutes lack autonomy?

<p>Criminalization leads to fewer choices and greater risks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common argument against legalization of prostitution?

<p>It could lead to health risks and exploitation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates progress in combating sexism?

<p>An equal representation of men and women in all fields (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What implication does a focus on differences between genders often hold?

<p>It might reinforce stereotypes and justify unequal treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Nussbaum counter the argument that prostitution devalues non-commodified sex?

<p>She compares it to the coexistence of different literary forms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Nussbaum's view on the institution of marriage and male dominance?

<p>It reinforces male dominance but should be reformed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential benefits does Nussbaum see in the legalization of prostitution?

<p>It would improve safety, dignity, and working conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concern does Satz raise about the perception of women in prostitution?

<p>It makes them appear inferior to men. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Satz view the morality of male prostitution compared to female prostitution?

<p>Female prostitution carries greater moral implications due to stereotypes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Marquis claim about the future of a fetus compared to that of a child?

<p>Both have valuable futures that should be considered. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of Marquis's argument against abortion?

<p>It revolves around depriving the fetus of its future. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances does Marquis consider abortion not wrong?

<p>If it prevents greater loss to the mother or fetus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Rachels, how does passive euthanasia involve the physician?

<p>The physician actively decides to withhold treatment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does Rachels argue that active euthanasia is preferable?

<p>When it reduces suffering and provides a humane death. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Steinbock suggest about the morality of killing versus letting die?

<p>Letting someone die can be morally acceptable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How important is the physician’s intention in the context of assessing moral action, according to Steinbock?

<p>It is crucial to evaluate the morality of the means used. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sexism

Oppression against women, based on gender, similar to racism but rooted in gender inequality.

Institutional Sexism

Sexism embedded in the structure of society, like laws, policies, or education systems that favor men.

Interpersonal Sexism

Sexism that occurs in everyday interactions between people, often through microaggressions or biased behaviors.

Unconscious Sexism

Hidden biases that influence thoughts and actions, often without conscious awareness, perpetuating sexism.

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Equality Feminism

A feminist perspective that aims to dismantle sexist institutions and promote equal opportunities for men and women.

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Difference Feminism

A feminist perspective that values the unique experiences and perspectives of women, celebrating differences instead of aiming for sameness.

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Prostitution and Autonomy

The debate about whether prostitution diminishes a person's autonomy, where some argue it's a choice under duress, while others see it as a form of exploitation.

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Impact of Legalized Prostitution on Intimacy

The argument that legalizing prostitution does not threaten the value of intimate relationships, as they serve different purposes.

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Nussbaum's view on prostitution

Nussbaum believes prostitution doesn't diminish the value of non-commodified sex, comparing it to popular vs. high literature. She argues that people seeking meaningful relationships will still pursue them, regardless of prostitution's existence.

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Nussbaum's view on marriage

While acknowledging traditional marriage's often patriarchal nature, Nussbaum opposes criminalizing it. She advocates for legal reforms to make marriage more equal, addressing issues like domestic violence, marital rape, and property disputes.

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Satz's view on prostitution

Satz argues prostitution doesn't harm other kinds of sex, but contributes to negative stereotypes about women. She believes it makes women seem inferior to men.

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Why Satz focuses on female prostitution

Satz believes male prostitution doesn't carry the same harmful stereotypes or lead to as much violence. Her arguments against the morality of prostitution primarily apply to women.

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Marquis's view on the value of a fetus's future

Marquis argues that a fetus, like a child, has a future filled with experiences, goals, and pleasures. Ending that future is equally wrong, regardless of age.

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Marquis's argument against abortion

Marquis believes abortion is wrong because it deprives the fetus of its valuable future, regardless of religious beliefs.

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Marquis's stance on 'potential persons'

Marquis doesn't rely on the idea of 'potential persons.' He focuses on the future the fetus would have, not whether it's a person or not.

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Exceptions to Marquis's argument

Marquis acknowledges that abortion may be permissible in rare cases where continuing the pregnancy would cause a greater loss, such as serious threats to the mother's life or severe fetal abnormalities.

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Rachels's view on passive euthanasia

Rachels argues that passive euthanasia is still an action, as the physician chooses to withhold treatment, effectively letting the patient die.

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When active euthanasia is preferable

According to Rachels, active euthanasia is preferable when it alleviates suffering. If passive euthanasia causes prolonged pain, a quick and painless death is more humane.

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Moral equivalence of killing and letting die

Rachels believes letting someone die is morally equivalent to killing them if the person could have intervened but chose not to.

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Steinbock's view on killing vs. letting die

Steinbock argues killing is not always worse than letting die. It depends on intentions and circumstances. If preventing suffering is the goal, letting die might be justified.

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Role of physician's intention

According to Steinbock, the physician's intention matters. If the goal is to stop suffering rather than to cause death, withholding treatment is morally different from intentionally killing.

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Study Notes

Sexism

  • Definition: Oppression against women, systemic violence similar to racism.
  • Levels:
    • Institutional: Embedded in social structures (e.g., government, education; male-dominated leadership).
    • Interpersonal: Everyday interactions.
    • Unconscious: Hidden biases (e.g., "mechanics are better").
  • Feminist Views:
    • Equality Feminism: Dismantling sexist systems, promoting equal opportunities.
    • Difference Feminism: Recognizing unique female perspectives.

Taking Money for Bodily Services

  • Critique of Prostitution:
    • Health Risks: Common concern.
    • Lack of Autonomy: Question of choice in difficult circumstances.
    • Commodification: The act of selling sex argued to reduce value of intimate relationships.
  • Nussbaum's Response:
    • Autonomy: Criminalization does not help; improve working conditions, respect choices.
    • Relationship Value: Prostitution does not diminish the value of non-commodified sex.
    • Marriage as a Social Institution: Traditional marriage has often reinforced male dominance; Nussbaum supports equal rights for women within marriage.

Markets in Women's Sexual Labour

  • Satz's Response to Anderson: Prostitution does not diminish the value of non-commodified sex; the real problem is societal inequality and harmful stereotypes about women.
  • Disadvantage of Women: Economic and social disadvantages often lead women into prostitution.
  • Male VS Female Prostitution: Satz argues that societal views of men in prostitution are different from women, therefore her arguments against female prostitution might not apply to male prostitution.

Why Abortion is Immoral

  • Marquis's Argument: Abortion is wrong because it deprives the fetus of a valuable future, not a religious concept.
  • Circumstances where abortion may not be wrong: severe threat to the mother's life, or fatal fetal abnormalities.
  • Potential Personhood: Marquis's position does not depend on the concept of potential personhood. Focuses on the value of lived experience.

Active and Passive Euthanasia

  • Rachels's Perspective:
    • Passive Euthanasia: Physician actively decides to withhold treatment, it's an act.
    • Active Euthanasia: Preferable when it reduces suffering - a faster, painless solution to prolonged pain.
    • Killing vs. Letting Die: Not automatically morally different; depends on intent and consequences.
  • Steinbock's Perspective:
    • Physician's Intention: Crucial.
    • Unintended Consequences: Actions can have unfortunate consequences, but intent can justify them.
    • Euthanasia Request: Respect for patient autonomy, but consider broader ethical and legal implications.

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Description

This quiz explores the complex topics of sexism and the critique of prostitution, including various feminist perspectives and the implications of commodifying bodily services. Engage with questions that challenge your understanding of systemic oppression and autonomy in these contexts.

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