30 Questions
During sensitive periods, the majority of experiential effects on development occur
Only during specific times
Which of the following is a consequence of deprivation in early studies on experience and neurodevelopment?
Deficits in depth perception
What is the effect of enriched environments on neurodevelopment?
Thicker cortex
What is the consequence of early monocular deprivation?
Decreased branching of axons
Where does neurogenesis occur in adult mammals?
Hippocampus
What is the function of new cells generated through neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus?
Memory
What is the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) according to the CDC?
1 in 68 births
Which of the following is NOT a stage of neurodevelopment?
Neuron Death and Synapse Rearrangement
What is the main function of the mesoderm layer in neurodevelopment?
Inducing neural plate development
What is the criteria for a cell to be classified as a stem cell?
The cell must be able to replicate itself
What is the term used to describe the process by which a stem cell culture becomes self-renewing?
Asymmetric cell division
During which weeks of development does the neural plate develop into the neural tube?
3rd-4th weeks
During neural proliferation, cell division in the neural tube primarily occurs in which region?
Ventricular zone
What is the term used to describe the cells of the neural plate?
Embryonic stem cells
Which type of migration occurs at a right angle to radial migration and parallel to the neural tube walls?
Tangential migration
What is the main difference between totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent cells?
Their capacity to develop into different cells
What are the stem cells in the developing nervous system called?
Radial glial cells
Which method of migration involves the extension of a developing cell in the direction of migration, followed by the movement of the cell body along the extending process?
Somal translocation
What is the process called when developing neurons align themselves with other migrating cells in the same region?
Aggregation
Which molecules, located on the surface of cells, mediate migration and aggregation by recognizing molecules on other cells and adhering to them?
Cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs)
Which process involves the focusing of synaptic contacts on a smaller number of cells, resulting in the selectivity of synaptic transmission?
Synapse rearrangement
Which area of the brain in individuals with Williams syndrome is observed to have reduced cortical volume?
Orbofrontal cortex
What is the role of glial activity in the development of ASD?
It contributes to decreased synaptic pruning during development
What is a characteristic difference between individuals with Williams syndrome and those with ASD?
Difficulty with social interaction
Which area of the brain is typically unaffected in individuals with Williams syndrome?
Superior temporal gyrus
What is the main focus of research on neural mechanisms in individuals with ASD?
Reaction to faces
What is the underlying cause of the health issues observed in individuals with Williams syndrome?
Mutation in a gene on chromosome 7
What is a characteristic physical feature of individuals with Williams syndrome?
Pointed noses
What is the main difference between the symptoms displayed by individuals with ASD and Williams syndrome?
Impairment of spatial cognition
What is the role of the fusiform face area in individuals with ASD?
It exhibits less activity during fMRI when presented with faces
Test your knowledge on sensitive periods and their impact on development with this quiz. Explore the concepts of critical and sensitive times, and learn about the effects of deprivation and enrichment on neurodevelopment. Challenge yourself with questions on synaptic development, dendritic spines, and sensory and motor systems.
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