Neurodevelopment in Spinal Cord

Cells that form the initial wall of the neural tube and give rise to neurons and macroglial cells in the spinal cord.

The innermost layer of the neural tube, composed of neuroepithelial cells, and the source of neurons and macroglia.

The outer layer of the neural tube, which becomes the white matter of the spinal cord, formed by axons migrating into it.

The intermediate layer between the ventricular and marginal zones, that develops into the gray matter of the spinal cord.

Immature neurons that develop cytoplasmic processes to become mature neurons.

Cells that differentiate from the neuroepithelial cells and become the supporting cells (glias) of the CNS.

Cells differentiated from neuroepithelial cells, lining the central canal of the spinal cord.

A shallow groove that divides the dorsal (alar) from the ventral (basal) parts of the spinal cord.

The dorsal part of the spinal cord, containing afferent nuclei (sensory functions).

The ventral part of the spinal cord, containing efferent nuclei (motor functions).

Clusters of nerve cell bodies outside the spinal cord, containing sensory neurons.

Cells that migrate to form structures like spinal ganglia, contributing to the peripheral nervous system.

A type of spina bifida where the vertebral arches fail to close, but no visible defect is present externally.

A hollow area in the sacral region (often midline) that results from a failure to close during neural tube development.

A type of spina bifida where the vertebral arches have a large opening, and the meninges and/or spinal cord may also protrude.

A type of spina bifida cystica where the meninges protrude through the opening in the vertebrae, but the spinal cord remains inside.

A type of spina bifida cystica where both the meninges and the spinal cord protrude through the opening in the vertebrae.

A severe spina bifida type where the neural tube doesn't close, resulting in an open spinal cord.

An embryonic structure that develops into the brain and spinal cord.

The initial regions of the developing brain - Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain.

A secondary brain vesicle that develops from the forebrain.

A secondary brain vesicle that develops from the forebrain.

A secondary brain vesicle that develops from the hindbrain.

A secondary brain vesicle that develops from the hindbrain.

A bending of the developing neural tube that occurs between the hindbrain and spinal cord.

A bending of the developing neural tube in the midbrain region, pushing the midbrain upwards.

A bending of the developing hindbrain in the opposite direction to the cephalic and cervical flexures.

A bend in the hindbrain that divides it into myelencephalon (caudal) and metencephalon (rostral) parts

The caudal part of the hindbrain, forming the medulla oblongata (medulla).

The rostral (forward) part of the hindbrain, forming the pons and cerebellum.

The part of the brain stem that controls vital functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

The cavity within the hindbrain, formed from the cavities of the myelencephalon and metencephalon.

Areas of gray matter in the medulla, receiving sensory information from the lower limbs.

Areas of gray matter in the medulla, receiving sensory information from the upper limbs.

Nerve fibers that allow communication between the cerebral cortex and spinal cord, controlling motor functions.

Part of the hindbrain that coordinates movement, balance, and posture.

The oldest part of the cerebellum, involved in balance and equilibrium.

A part of the cerebellum associated with sensory input from the limbs.

The newest part of the cerebellum, involved in complex motor functions and learning.

A part of the brain, only 10% of the total volume, but containing over 50% of the brain's total neurons. Crucial for motor coordination, balance, and plays a role in some aspects of cognitive function.

A region in the brainstem characterized by a substantial band of nerve fibers crossing the midline, forming a ridge.

Part of the brain stem that changes less during development than other brain regions.

A channel linking the third and fourth ventricles in the brain stem.

Structures in the midbrain, formed by migrating neuroblasts; the superior colliculus is involved in vision, and the inferior colliculus in hearing.

A darkly pigmented area in the midbrain; key role in movement control (e.g. Parkinson's disease).

Ventral region of the midbrain where fibers from the cerebrum pass.

The rostral (anterior) part of the forebrain, containing the primordia (early stages) of cerebral hemispheres.

The caudal (posterior) part of the forebrain.

Cavities within the telencephalon that develop into cavities within the cerebrum.

Outgrowths (bulges) appearing on each side of the forebrain; precursors of the retina and optic nerves.

Channel connecting the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle.