Neurodevelopment in Spinal Cord
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Questions and Answers

What type of cells give rise to the neurons and macroglial cells in the spinal cord?

  • Adipocytes
  • Ependymal cells
  • Microglial cells
  • Neuroepithelial cells (correct)

    • What structure separates the dorsal part (alar plate) from the ventral part (basal plate) in the developing spinal cord?

  • Ependyma
  • Ventral median fissure
  • Dorsal median septum
  • Sulcus limitans (correct)

    • Which of the following cells differentiate into ependymal cells that line the central canal of the spinal cord?

  • Neural crest cells
  • Neuroblasts
  • Neuroepithelial cells (correct)
  • Glioblasts

    • The unipolar neurons in the spinal ganglia are derived from which type of cells?

    <p>Neural crest cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the developing spinal cord becomes recognizable as the outer parts of the neuroepithelial cells?

    <p>Marginal zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes spina bifida occulta?

    <p>It is often asymptomatic and can be detected incidentally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from the failure of the vertebral arches to close?

    <p>Spina bifida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the secondary brain vesicles derived from the forebrain?

    <p>Telencephalon and diencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which flexure occurs between the brain and the spinal cord?

    <p>Cervical flexure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many primary brain vesicles are formed during the early development of the brain?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition denotes a serious neural tube defect with an open spinal cord?

    <p>Myeloschisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain does not divide into further secondary vesicles?

    <p>Midbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure does the myelencephalon develop into?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain is affected by the pontine flexure during its development?

    <p>Hindbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape does the cavity of the myelencephalon take during development?

    <p>Diamond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms from the metencephalon?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the archicerebellum?

    <p>Connections with the vestibular apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuroblasts from which plates migrate to form the gracile and cuneate nuclei?

    <p>Alar plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cerebellum is primarily associated with sensory data from the limbs?

    <p>Paleocerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the lateral walls of the pons due to the pontine flexure?

    <p>They diverge outward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain carries descending corticospinal fibers?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the pons in the brainstem?

    <p>Connecting cerebral and cerebellar cortices with the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the midbrain is primarily associated with the processing of auditory information?

    <p>Inferior colliculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the brain's total neurons does the cerebellum contain?

    <p>More than 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for motor coordination, proprioception, and balance?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lateral ventricles are formed from the cavities of which brain structure?

    <p>Telencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what week of development do the telencephalic vesicles arise?

    <p>Fifth week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The foramen interventriculare is a connection between which two structures?

    <p>Lateral and third ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the substantia nigra in the midbrain?

    <p>Contains a high concentration of neuromelanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior part of the forebrain is known as which of the following?

    <p>Telencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Spinal Cord Development

    • Neuroepithelial cells give rise to neurons and macroglial cells in the spinal cord.
    • The sulcus limitans separates the alar plate (dorsal part) from the basal plate (ventral part) in the developing spinal cord.
    • Neuroepithelial cells differentiate into ependymal cells that line the central canal of the spinal cord.
    • Unipolar neurons in the spinal ganglia are derived from neural crest cells.
    • The marginal layer of the developing spinal cord becomes recognizable as the outer parts of the neuroepithelial cells.
    • Spina bifida occulta is characterized by a gap in one or more vertebrae, but the spinal cord remains covered by skin.
    • The failure of the vertebral arches to close results in spina bifida, a birth defect that can range in severity.

    Brain Development

    • The forebrain (prosencephalon) divides into the telencephalon and diencephalon as secondary brain vesicles.
    • The pontine flexure occurs between the brain and the spinal cord.
    • There are three primary brain vesicles formed during the early development of the brain: prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon.
    • Anencephaly denotes a serious neural tube defect with an open spinal cord.
    • The mesencephalon does not divide into further secondary vesicles.
    • The myelencephalon develops into the medulla oblongata.
    • The pontine flexure affects the pons during its development.
    • The cavity of the myelencephalon takes a diamond shape during development.
    • The metencephalon forms the pons and cerebellum.

    Cerebellum Development

    • The archicerebellum is responsible for balance, muscle tone, and posture.
    • Neuroblasts from the alar plate migrate to form the gracile and cuneate nuclei.
    • The spinocerebellum is primarily associated with sensory data from the limbs.
    • The lateral walls of the pons flatten due to the pontine flexure.

    Brainstem Development

    • The pons carries descending corticospinal fibers that control voluntary movement.
    • The pons plays a key role in relaying information between the cerebrum and cerebellum.
    • The inferior colliculus in the midbrain is primarily associated with the processing of auditory information.

    Cerebellum

    • The cerebellum contains approximately 80% of the brain's total neurons.
    • It is responsible for motor coordination, proprioception, and balance.

    Telencephalon Development

    • The lateral ventricles are formed from the cavities of the telencephalon.
    • The telencephalic vesicles arise during the fifth week of development.
    • The foramen interventriculare connects the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle.

    Midbrain

    • The substantia nigra in the midbrain is characterized by dark pigmentation due to the presence of melanin.
    • The telencephalon, or cerebrum, is the anterior part of the forebrain.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the development of neurons and glial cells in the spinal cord. This quiz covers topics such as the differentiation of ependymal cells, spinal ganglia, and structural developments like spina bifida occulta. Challenge yourself to recall key concepts related to neuroembryology!

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