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Encourage people in a search to understand self
Know thy self
Known as philosophers, pursuit for knowledge about the nature of being human to address questions about self
Great thinkers
Highest form of human excellence is to question oneself and others
Socrates
He said that "an examined life is not worth living"
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Worst can happen is to "live but die inside"
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He said to save our souls in afterlife, we must be fully aware of who we are
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He said that soul is immortal, person's personhood is made up if the body and the soul
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Death is not the end of life, because soul separates from the body when we die
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Just because something appears to be true, it does not imply that it is. Former is always and universally true, latter is only true in certain conditions.
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2 parts: body and soul. Soul is separate from body and eternal.
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Soul moves to another body. Body is prison of the soul. "The Republic" human soul or psyche is made up of 3 parts.
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What are the 3 parts of human soul?
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It refers to a part of soul that indicates own instinct to decide, based on our desires.
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It's a part of soul that refers to our moods/emotions to not cause us trouble
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It's a part of soul that refers to logic and intellect and is healthy for us.
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Soul is immortal; one bodyand one soul. Body is imperfect part of person that is doomed to die
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Goal to achieve spiritual union with God by living a good life
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He proposed the theory of self-knowledge that all experiences with the world determines what we know about ourselves
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He said that we are not made up of separate minds or selves, but agents that interact with surroundings
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He said that answering questions requires self-awareness
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Father of Modern Philosophy
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Famous dualist thinkers of all time. Dualism 2 parts: mind & body
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Mind physical parts are distinct; mind is part of unseen creation and body is just a part of mind
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*We can learn about the brain but not the mind *We exist because we think *Consciousness comes from the mind and gives you identity
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Don't always trust your senses
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"nothing but a thinking king" "I think, therefore I am" (corgito ergo sum)
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Study Notes
Understanding the Self
- Philosophers seek to understand the nature of humanity and explore questions about self-identity.
- The highest form of human excellence involves introspection and asking both personal and external questions.
- Socrates famously stated, "an examined life is not worth living," emphasizing the value of self-reflection.
- A life lived without self-examination can lead to a feeling of dying inside, despite physical existence.
The Immortal Soul and Body
- Socrates believed in the immortality of the soul, which is distinct from the physical body.
- Upon death, the soul separates from the body, indicating that life continues beyond physical existence.
- A distinction exists between universal truths and conditional truths; appearances can be deceptive.
Components of the Soul
- In "The Republic," the human soul (psyche) is divided into three parts:
- A part representing instinct and desire that influences decision-making.
- A part related to moods and emotions, crucial for avoiding trouble.
- A rational part corresponding to logic and intellect, essential for a healthy life.
Philosophical Theories
- The physical body is seen as an imperfect vessel for the soul, which is eternal and aims for spiritual union with a higher power through virtuous living.
- Socrates proposed that self-knowledge is shaped by experiences interacting with the world.
- Awareness of oneself is critical for answering philosophical questions.
Contributions to Philosophy
- Socrates is recognized as the Father of Modern Philosophy and a prominent dualist, emphasizing the distinction between mind and body.
- Mind and body are perceived as separate; the mind exists in an intangible realm while the body is a tangible entity.
- Understanding the brain does not equate to understanding the mind, indicating the complexity of consciousness and identity.
Key Philosophical Quotes
- "Nothing but a thinking king" and "I think, therefore I am" (cogito ergo sum) highlight the significance of thought in establishing existence.
- Trusting one's senses may not always lead to truth, underscoring the complexity of perception and reality.
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Philosophers
