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Questions and Answers

Encourage people in a search to understand self

Know thy self

Known as philosophers, pursuit for knowledge about the nature of being human to address questions about self

Great thinkers

Highest form of human excellence is to question oneself and others

Socrates

He said that "an examined life is not worth living"

<p>Socrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

Worst can happen is to "live but die inside"

<p>Socrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

He said to save our souls in afterlife, we must be fully aware of who we are

<p>Socrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

He said that soul is immortal, person's personhood is made up if the body and the soul

<p>Socrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

Death is not the end of life, because soul separates from the body when we die

<p>Socrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

Just because something appears to be true, it does not imply that it is. Former is always and universally true, latter is only true in certain conditions.

<p>Socrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

2 parts: body and soul. Soul is separate from body and eternal.

<p>Plato</p> Signup and view all the answers

Soul moves to another body. Body is prison of the soul. "The Republic" human soul or psyche is made up of 3 parts.

<p>Plato</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 parts of human soul?

<p>Appetitive, spirited and rational</p> Signup and view all the answers

It refers to a part of soul that indicates own instinct to decide, based on our desires.

<p>Appetitive soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

It's a part of soul that refers to our moods/emotions to not cause us trouble

<p>Spirited Soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

It's a part of soul that refers to logic and intellect and is healthy for us.

<p>Rational Soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

Soul is immortal; one bodyand one soul. Body is imperfect part of person that is doomed to die

<p>Augustine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Goal to achieve spiritual union with God by living a good life

<p>Augustine</p> Signup and view all the answers

He proposed the theory of self-knowledge that all experiences with the world determines what we know about ourselves

<p>Aquinas</p> Signup and view all the answers

He said that we are not made up of separate minds or selves, but agents that interact with surroundings

<p>Aquinas</p> Signup and view all the answers

He said that answering questions requires self-awareness

<p>Aquinas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Father of Modern Philosophy

<p>Descartes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Famous dualist thinkers of all time. Dualism 2 parts: mind & body

<p>Descartes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mind physical parts are distinct; mind is part of unseen creation and body is just a part of mind

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*We can learn about the brain but not the mind *We exist because we think *Consciousness comes from the mind and gives you identity

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Don't always trust your senses

<p>Descartes</p> Signup and view all the answers

"nothing but a thinking king" "I think, therefore I am" (corgito ergo sum)

<p>Descartes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Understanding the Self

  • Philosophers seek to understand the nature of humanity and explore questions about self-identity.
  • The highest form of human excellence involves introspection and asking both personal and external questions.
  • Socrates famously stated, "an examined life is not worth living," emphasizing the value of self-reflection.
  • A life lived without self-examination can lead to a feeling of dying inside, despite physical existence.

The Immortal Soul and Body

  • Socrates believed in the immortality of the soul, which is distinct from the physical body.
  • Upon death, the soul separates from the body, indicating that life continues beyond physical existence.
  • A distinction exists between universal truths and conditional truths; appearances can be deceptive.

Components of the Soul

  • In "The Republic," the human soul (psyche) is divided into three parts:
    • A part representing instinct and desire that influences decision-making.
    • A part related to moods and emotions, crucial for avoiding trouble.
    • A rational part corresponding to logic and intellect, essential for a healthy life.

Philosophical Theories

  • The physical body is seen as an imperfect vessel for the soul, which is eternal and aims for spiritual union with a higher power through virtuous living.
  • Socrates proposed that self-knowledge is shaped by experiences interacting with the world.
  • Awareness of oneself is critical for answering philosophical questions.

Contributions to Philosophy

  • Socrates is recognized as the Father of Modern Philosophy and a prominent dualist, emphasizing the distinction between mind and body.
  • Mind and body are perceived as separate; the mind exists in an intangible realm while the body is a tangible entity.
  • Understanding the brain does not equate to understanding the mind, indicating the complexity of consciousness and identity.

Key Philosophical Quotes

  • "Nothing but a thinking king" and "I think, therefore I am" (cogito ergo sum) highlight the significance of thought in establishing existence.
  • Trusting one's senses may not always lead to truth, underscoring the complexity of perception and reality.

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