Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary distinction between a seizure and epilepsy?
What is the primary distinction between a seizure and epilepsy?
- There is no distinction; these terms are interchangeable.
- A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain, while epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by a tendency towards recurrent seizures. (correct)
- Epilepsy is a single seizure event, and a seizure is a chronic condition with multiple events.
- A seizure is a chronic neurological disorder, whereas epilepsy is an acute, sudden event.
According to the provided information, what is the minimum requirement to diagnose epilepsy?
According to the provided information, what is the minimum requirement to diagnose epilepsy?
- At least three seizures, either provoked or unprovoked.
- Two provoked seizures within a 24-hour period.
- One provoked seizure, with a low probability of further seizures.
- One unprovoked seizure with a greater than 60% chance of a second unprovoked seizure or an epilepsy syndrome. (correct)
Approximately what percentage of the general population will experience a seizure at some point during their lifetime?
Approximately what percentage of the general population will experience a seizure at some point during their lifetime?
- 15-20%
- 5-6%
- 1%
- 7-10% (correct)
What percentage of people with seizures do not require antiepileptic medication, for economic or social reasons?
What percentage of people with seizures do not require antiepileptic medication, for economic or social reasons?
What is the primary difference in the origin of electrical discharges between focal and generalized seizures?
What is the primary difference in the origin of electrical discharges between focal and generalized seizures?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a complex partial seizure, but not a simple partial seizure?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a complex partial seizure, but not a simple partial seizure?
Which brain region is most commonly associated with complex partial seizures?
Which brain region is most commonly associated with complex partial seizures?
Which of the following is a common psychiatric symptom associated with a complex partial seizure?
Which of the following is a common psychiatric symptom associated with a complex partial seizure?
Which of the following accurately describes MOTOR automatisms?
Which of the following accurately describes MOTOR automatisms?
What characterizes a primary generalized seizure?
What characterizes a primary generalized seizure?
During which phase of a generalized tonic-clonic seizure does the body exhibit bilateral symmetrical jerking?
During which phase of a generalized tonic-clonic seizure does the body exhibit bilateral symmetrical jerking?
What is a distinctive feature of absence seizures?
What is a distinctive feature of absence seizures?
Which of the following is classified as a type of generalized seizure?
Which of the following is classified as a type of generalized seizure?
What is a common cause of symptomatic (secondary) epilepsy?
What is a common cause of symptomatic (secondary) epilepsy?
During which phase of a generalized tonic-clonic seizure does consciousness become lost?
During which phase of a generalized tonic-clonic seizure does consciousness become lost?
What is a characteristic EEG finding during an absence seizure?
What is a characteristic EEG finding during an absence seizure?
Flashcards
What is a seizure?
What is a seizure?
A transient event caused by excessive abnormal neuronal activity in the brain.
What is epilepsy?
What is epilepsy?
A condition characterized by a tendency to have recurrent, unprovoked seizures.
What is the criteria to diagnose epilepsy?
What is the criteria to diagnose epilepsy?
At least two unprovoked seizures occurring more than 24 hours apart or one unprovoked seizure with a greater than 60% chance of a second unprovoked seizure.
What are focal seizures?
What are focal seizures?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are generalized seizures?
What are generalized seizures?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are simple focal seizures?
What are simple focal seizures?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are complex focal seizures?
What are complex focal seizures?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are complex partial seizures?
What are complex partial seizures?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Motor Automatisms
Motor Automatisms
Signup and view all the flashcards
Generalized Seizures
Generalized Seizures
Signup and view all the flashcards
Focal to Bilateral Tonic-Clonic Seizures
Focal to Bilateral Tonic-Clonic Seizures
Signup and view all the flashcards
Generalized Motor Seizures
Generalized Motor Seizures
Signup and view all the flashcards
Absence Seizures
Absence Seizures
Signup and view all the flashcards
Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures (Tonic Phase)
Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures (Tonic Phase)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures (Clonic Phase)
Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures (Clonic Phase)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Postictal Phase
Postictal Phase
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Seizures and Epilepsy
- Seizures are transient signs or symptoms caused by abnormal, excessive neuronal activity in the brain.
- Epilepsy is a tendency toward recurrent unprovoked seizures.
Defining Epilepsy
- Epilepsy is diagnosed when a person has at least two unprovoked seizures that occur more than 24 hours apart, or one unprovoked seizure with a greater than 60% chance of a second unprovoked seizure.
Prevalence
- Seizures affect 7-10% of people at some point in their lives.
- Epilepsy affects 1% of the population.
Incidence and Age
- Incidence of seizures varies with age, peaking at infancy and old age (over 60).
- Epilepsy affects all genders, social classes, and ethnic groups.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Birth trauma
- Central nervous system (CNS) infections
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
- 60% of individuals do not take antiepileptic drugs, often due to economic and social reasons.
Types of Seizures
- Focal (partial) seizures: Abnormal electrical discharge begins in one area of the brain.
- Simple focal seizures: Awareness is retained.
- Complex focal seizures: Awareness is impaired. May involve automatisms (highly integrated, complex involuntary movements like lip smacking or fumbling with hands). Often originate in the temporal lobe.
- Generalised seizures: Abnormal electrical discharge begins simultaneously in both cerebral hemispheres.
- Types of generalised seizures include: tonic-clonic, tonic, clonic, myoclonic, and atonic.
- Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic: A focal seizure that spreads bilaterally causing a tonic-clonic seizure. -Absence: Brief loss of awareness; characterised by a blank stare.
- Types of generalised seizures include: tonic-clonic, tonic, clonic, myoclonic, and atonic.
Clinical Features of Seizures
- Motor: involves movement
- Non-motor: may involve sensory, autonomic, cognitive, or emotional symptoms.
Etiology of Epilepsy
- Idiopathic (primary): No identifiable cause; often genetic.
- Symptomatic (secondary): Caused by a known factor such as infection, stroke, brain tumor, head trauma, or birth injury.
- Other causes: Genetic, structural, infectious, metabolic and immune factors, and unknown causes.
Age and Etiology
- Etiology (cause) of epilepsy is useful to consider in terms of age.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of seizures and epilepsy, including their definitions, prevalence, incidence, causes, and types. It aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these neurological conditions affect individuals across different demographics.
