Understanding Rheumatic Fever

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What medical condition is associated with the presence of white blood cells and red blood cells in urine?

Kidney stone

Urinary tract infection (correct)

Tumor in the bladder

Glomerulonephritis

Which of the following is not a common cause of haematuria?

Bladder cancer

Heart attack (correct)

Post-streptococcal nephritic syndrome

Prolonged exercise or bicycle riding

What does haematuria refer to?

Formation of kidney stones

An enlarged prostate

Presence of pus in urine

Presence of red blood cells in urine (correct)

How can OHI (oral hygiene instruction) help prevent infections related to infective endocarditis?

By recommending regular brushing twice a day Signup and view all the answers

What is one way exercising such as horseback riding can lead to haematuria?

By inducing bleeding disorders Signup and view all the answers

If a patient has a history of infective endocarditis, are they at risk of developing it again?

Yes, individuals with previous infective endocarditis are at risk Signup and view all the answers

UTI stands for:

Urinary Tract Infection Signup and view all the answers

Glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation of which part of the body?

Kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of basophils among the 7 cell lines that arise from haematopoiesis?

Modulate inflammatory response and Immediate hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Which cell line is responsible for primary haemostasis by adhering to subendothelial connective tissue?

Platelets Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of haemoglobin levels in adult females?

120-155 g/L Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with anaemia and manifests as a feeling of tiredness and lack of energy?

Lassitude Signup and view all the answers

What sign of anaemia is characterized by an abnormally fast heart rate?

Tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of normoblastic macrocytosis?

Excessive alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

Which type of anaemia involves red blood cells coated with IgG interacting with macrophages?

Acquired immune haemolytic anaemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical feature of haemolytic normocytic anaemias?

Splenomegaly Signup and view all the answers

In haemolytic congenital anaemias, defects in what part of the red blood cell can lead to increased fragility and haemolysis?

Cell membrane proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which component of adult hemoglobin comprises approximately 97% of the total?

Hb A (alpha2beta2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of microcytic anaemia worldwide?

Iron deficiency anaemia Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 mechanisms through which iron deficiency develops?

Poor dietary intake, malabsorption, increased loss Signup and view all the answers

What are normocytic anemias associated with?

Chronic inflammatory diseases only Signup and view all the answers

What type of anemia is megaloblastic anemia?

Macrocytic Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes of the deficiencies associated with megaloblastic anemia?

inadequate intake, inadequate secretion of intrinsic factor Signup and view all the answers