Rheumatic Fever and Heart Valve Damage

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What is the most common valve affected in rheumatic fever?

Pulmonary valve

Mitral valve (correct)

Aortic valve

Tricuspid valve

What type of infection is responsible for initiating or reactivating rheumatic fever?

GABHS pneumonia

GABHS tonsillitis

GABHS pharyngitis (correct)

GABHS skin infection

What is the final mechanism of the autoimmune reaction that causes damage to cardiac tissue?

Decrease in regulatory T-cells

Molecular mimicry

Increased production of inflammatory cytokines (correct)

Infiltration of the heart by T cells

What is the purpose of the modified Jones criteria?

To provide guidelines for making the diagnosis of rheumatic fever Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of criteria required for the diagnosis of recurrent rheumatic fever?

1 major and 2 minor Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of subcutaneous nodules in rheumatic fever?

Small, painless bumps Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal ESR value during acute illness?

≥60 mm/h Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of erythema marginatum in rheumatic fever?

Flat or slightly raised, painless rash with a ragged edge Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of diagnosis for streptococcal pharyngitis?

Throat culture Signup and view all the answers

What is elevated in patients with rheumatic fever?

C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for rheumatic fever?

Antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a throat culture in diagnosing streptococcal pharyngitis?

To isolate the organism and allow typing Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of echocardiography in diagnosing rheumatic fever?

To quantify valve insufficiency and ventricular dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of nursing interventions in patients with rheumatic fever?

To reduce pain and discomfort Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of rapid antigen detection test in diagnosing streptococcal pharyngitis?

To detect the presence of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus Signup and view all the answers

What is the restriction in the diet of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF)?

A low-sodium diet Signup and view all the answers

What is measured in a blood test to diagnose myocarditis?

Levels of certain enzymes and antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cardiac catheterization and endomyocardial biopsy in diagnosing myocarditis?

To remove a sample of heart muscle tissue for analysis Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for at least three to six months to manage myocarditis?

Avoiding competitive sports Signup and view all the answers

What type of medication helps relax blood vessels in the heart and improve blood flow?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of inadequately treated strep throat or scarlet fever?

Acute rheumatic fever Signup and view all the answers

How can you minimize the risk of getting infected with a virus that can cause myocarditis?

Avoiding people who have a viral or flu-like illness Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended to prevent tick-borne illnesses that can cause myocarditis?

Wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of myocarditis?

Heart attack or stroke Signup and view all the answers