24 Questions
What is the most common valve affected in rheumatic fever?
Mitral valve
What type of infection is responsible for initiating or reactivating rheumatic fever?
GABHS pharyngitis
What is the final mechanism of the autoimmune reaction that causes damage to cardiac tissue?
Increased production of inflammatory cytokines
What is the purpose of the modified Jones criteria?
To provide guidelines for making the diagnosis of rheumatic fever
What is the minimum number of criteria required for the diagnosis of recurrent rheumatic fever?
1 major and 2 minor
What is the characteristic of subcutaneous nodules in rheumatic fever?
Small, painless bumps
What is the normal ESR value during acute illness?
≥60 mm/h
What is the characteristic of erythema marginatum in rheumatic fever?
Flat or slightly raised, painless rash with a ragged edge
What is the primary method of diagnosis for streptococcal pharyngitis?
Throat culture
What is elevated in patients with rheumatic fever?
C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate
What is the primary treatment for rheumatic fever?
Antibiotics
What is the purpose of a throat culture in diagnosing streptococcal pharyngitis?
To isolate the organism and allow typing
What is the role of echocardiography in diagnosing rheumatic fever?
To quantify valve insufficiency and ventricular dysfunction
What is the primary goal of nursing interventions in patients with rheumatic fever?
To reduce pain and discomfort
What is the purpose of rapid antigen detection test in diagnosing streptococcal pharyngitis?
To detect the presence of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus
What is the restriction in the diet of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF)?
A low-sodium diet
What is measured in a blood test to diagnose myocarditis?
Levels of certain enzymes and antibodies
What is the purpose of cardiac catheterization and endomyocardial biopsy in diagnosing myocarditis?
To remove a sample of heart muscle tissue for analysis
What is recommended for at least three to six months to manage myocarditis?
Avoiding competitive sports
What type of medication helps relax blood vessels in the heart and improve blood flow?
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
What is a complication of inadequately treated strep throat or scarlet fever?
Acute rheumatic fever
How can you minimize the risk of getting infected with a virus that can cause myocarditis?
Avoiding people who have a viral or flu-like illness
What is recommended to prevent tick-borne illnesses that can cause myocarditis?
Wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants
What is a potential complication of myocarditis?
Heart attack or stroke
This quiz covers the effects of rheumatic fever on heart valves, including the mitral and aortic valves, and the causes of the disease, such as GABHS infection and molecular mimicry.
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