Understanding Racism and Ethnicity Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What primarily distinguishes ethnic groups from racial groups?

Cultural patterns and national origin (correct)

Social construction

Physical characteristics

Perceived superiority

Which term refers to individuals identified as physically different from the dominant group?

Social class

Racial profiling

Cultural stereotype

Visible minority (correct)

What does institutional discrimination typically result in?

Equal opportunities for all demographics

Positive recruitment of all social classes

Widespread social acceptance of all ethnic groups

Denial of opportunities and equal rights (correct)

Which of the following best describes racism?

A belief in the superiority of one's own race Signup and view all the answers

What concept refers to the stereotypes that overlook individual differences within a racial group?

Racialization Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about race is true according to the understanding of biological significance?

There are no pure races. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the undue advantages enjoyed by dominant groups at the expense of others?

Privileges of the dominant Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that contributes to the privilege of dominant racial groups?

Historical context of racial dominance Signup and view all the answers

What is one function of racial prejudice for the dominant group according to the functionalist perspective?

Moral justification for maintaining an unequal society Signup and view all the answers

What does the Exploitation Theory suggest about racism?

It keeps minorities in low-paying jobs and benefits the dominant group Signup and view all the answers

According to the Interactionist Perspective, what effect does positive interracial contact have?

It leads to decreased prejudice and abandonment of stereotypes Signup and view all the answers

What does the term assimilation refer to?

The process of adopting a different culture entirely Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of systemic discrimination highlighted in the content?

Discrimination exacerbates social problems Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines segregation?

Physical separation of groups based on residency Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of multiculturalism differ from assimilation?

Multiculturalism fosters cultural diversity, while assimilation requires complete cultural absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct impact of colonialism on Indigenous Peoples in Canada?

Higher rates of poverty, suicide, and infant mortality Signup and view all the answers

What systemic issue is highlighted by the observation that Indigenous women comprise almost 50 percent of human trafficking victims in Canada?

The impact of colonial structures on Indigenous populations. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'cultural genocide' refer to?

The systematic destruction of a group’s cultural identity. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following recommendations was made to improve the welfare of Indigenous communities?

Change the Criminal Code and support Indigenous policing. Signup and view all the answers

What primary factor contributes to systemic inequalities faced by Indigenous peoples in Canada?

Colonial structures and historical injustices. Signup and view all the answers

What has been a significant impact of colonial policies on Indigenous groups in Brazil?

The loss of traditional hunting and fishing grounds. Signup and view all the answers

What evidence indicates the ongoing systemic problems related to Indigenous populations in Canada?

Current high rates of violence and suicide among Indigenous populations. Signup and view all the answers

What approach can be suggested to help protect Indigenous children from systemic violence?

Teaching children self-protection strategies. Signup and view all the answers

What major flaw in reasoning is identified regarding the issue of missing and murdered women?

Attributing the issue solely to individual criminal behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What concept does Judith Butler's theory emphasize about gender?

Everyone has a unique theory of gender. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of gender stereotypes in media, how are women commonly portrayed?

As weak, docile, and nurturing. Signup and view all the answers

What initiative has been mandated by law in Swedish pre-schools since 1998?

Promote gender-neutral play and pronouns. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT one of the empowering benefits of educating girls and women?

It improves literacy rates among men. Signup and view all the answers

Laura Bates describes experiences of women as ‘tiny pinpricks’. What does this term signify?

A series of subtle, everyday occurrences. Signup and view all the answers

What educational goal was set at the international conferences regarding girls' education?

To achieve gender equality in primary and secondary education by 2005. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does educating women have on community roles?

It encourages women's participation in leadership positions. Signup and view all the answers

How do both men and women engage with the issues of gender prejudice according to the content?

Both genders often refuse to acknowledge existing prejudices. Signup and view all the answers

What does the functionalist view suggest about gender differentiation?

It contributes to social stability. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the properties that define women as a minority group?

Membership in the subordinate group is involuntary. Signup and view all the answers

According to the conflict response, what is the traditional relationship between men and women characterized by?

Unequal power dynamics favoring men. Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective argues that women's subjugation is inevitable in male dominated societies?

Feminist perspective. Signup and view all the answers

What do upper-middle class families tend to support?

Egalitarian gender relations. Signup and view all the answers

How do traditional gender roles get promoted within society?

Through individual socialization and family influences. Signup and view all the answers

In the intersectional analysis, what factors contribute to the treatment of women as a minority?

Class, race, and other social factors. Signup and view all the answers

What behavioral pattern is more likely to be exhibited by men in conversations, according to the interactionist approach?

Changing topics of conversation abruptly. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the stated purposes of removing Indigenous children from their families in Canada?

To eradicate Indigenous identity in children Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates refugees from immigrants?

Refugees cannot safely return home due to threats Signup and view all the answers

According to conflict theorists, how might framing the issue as a 'refugee crisis' affect public perception?

It may stigmatize refugees as responsible for the problem Signup and view all the answers

What misconception do people often have about refugees seeking to settle in new countries?

They can provide economic benefits to struggling economies Signup and view all the answers

Which group among the distinct minority populations in Canada is often perceived as 'the other'?

Muslims Signup and view all the answers

What major factor complicates decisions to accept or deny refugees in various countries?

Public opinion towards differing cultures Signup and view all the answers

What critical issue exists in differentiating refugees from those fleeing poverty?

Refugees often cannot safely return home unlike economic migrants Signup and view all the answers

In discussions about masculinity, what aspect is considered toxic according to the outlined view?

Pretending to exhibit traits not representative of oneself Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Racial & Ethnic Inequality

Racial group: A group differentiated from others based on perceived physical differences.
Ethnic group: A group distinguished by shared national origin or cultural patterns.
Minority groups: Groups with less control and power than the dominant group. Characteristics often include unequal treatment, distinguishing physical/cultural traits, involuntary membership, solidarity, and in-group marriage.
Visible minority: Canadians who aren't white or are physically different from white Canadians of European descent (the dominant group).
Race as a concept: A social construction; no "pure races" exist; racialization (defining groups as races) is influenced by historical, cultural, and economic factors; stereotypes are unreliable generalizations.
Ethnicity: Groups differentiated by national origin or cultural patterns.
Prejudice: A negative attitude toward an entire category of people (frequently ethnic or racial minorities).
Discrimination: Denial of equal rights and opportunities to individuals and groups due to bias.

Discriminatory Behavior

Racism: The belief that one race is superior to others, and that their differences are inferior.
Discrimination: Denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals based on arbitrary bias.
Glass Ceiling: An invisible barrier preventing qualified individuals (based on gender, race, or ethnicity) from promotion in the workplace.
Institutional discrimination: Refers to the denial of equal rights and opportunities that is implicitly part of the norms of a society; It affects particular racial and ethnic groups more than others.
Racial or ethnic profiling: Using race or ethnicity as a standard for suspect profiling in law enforcement.

Employment Equity

Employment equity: Efforts to recruit historically underrepresented groups for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities.

Functionalist Perspective

Nash's functions of racial prejudice for the dominant group:
- Moral justification for maintaining inequality.
- Discourages subordinate groups from challenging the status quo.
- Reinforces support for the existing social order.

Conflict Perspective

Exploitation theory: Racism maintains minorities in low-paying jobs to benefit the dominant group.
Feminist perspectives: Gender is not the only source of oppression; immigrant women, visible minority women, and Indigenous women experience multiple forms of inequality—related to their race, ethnicity, class, and gender.

Interactionist Perspective

Contact hypothesis: Consistent positive contact between people of different racial and ethnic groups reduces prejudice and discrimination.
Extreme behaviors:
- Genocide: The deliberate killing of an entire group of people.
- Expulsion: Forcing people to leave a region or country.

Multiple Jeopardies

Multiple jeopardies: The compounded effects of discrimination based on gender, race, ethnicity, class, age, or physical disability.

Social class intersects with other identities to create unique layers of inequality, for example; women of color experience unique forms of discrimination because of perceived race, gender, and poverty.

Crime

Crime: A violation of criminal law where governmental authority applies penalties.
Types of crime: examples include street crime, professional crime, organized crime, white-collar crime, computer crime, organizational crime, victimless crimes.
Crime statistics: Crime rates should not be interpreted as an exact representation of incidence or occurrence.

Deviance

Deviance: Behavior that violates group norms.
Social stigma: Labels placed on certain groups.
Stigmatization: Stigma becoming part of a person's identity.

Gender

Gender roles: Societal expectations of behavior for men and women.
Gender socialization: How individuals learn these roles.
Gender inequality: Unequal distribution of power and resources based on gender.

Police-Reported Crime Severity Indexes

Index based on Criminal Code incidents and other federal statute violations.

Police-Reported Crime Rates

Crime rates in Canada.
Victimization surveys: Surveys of ordinary people to determine victimization rates, not solely based on police reports.

Feminist Perspectives

Various perspectives on gender inequality.
- Liberal: Equality through adjustments to institutions.
- Marxist: Capitalism as a cause of oppression.
- Socialist: Capitalism and patriarchy causing inequality.
- Radical: Patriarchy as the root of inequality.
- Global: Focuses on global power disparities.

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts related to racism and ethnicity, distinguishing between ethnic and racial groups, and examining the impact of institutional discrimination. It also delves into theories such as the Exploitation Theory and the role of privilege and prejudice in society.