95 Questions
What do users have expectations about when using a product?
How well it will work and its characteristics
What are the characteristics of a product known as?
All of the above
Why are quality attributes important in product development?
To distinguish a product that merely does what it’s supposed to from one that delights its users
What happens when customers’ quality expectations are not explored during elicitation?
Disappointed users and frustrated developers are the more typical outcome
What are the three classes of nonfunctional requirements?
Quality attributes, constraints, and external interface requirements
What is the outcome of a product that reflects an optimum balance of competing quality characteristics?
A product that delights its users
What is the primary distinction between external and internal quality attributes?
Whether they can be observed through software execution
Who is primarily concerned with internal quality attributes?
Developers and maintenance staff
What do internal quality attributes contribute to?
Ease of product maintenance
How many quality attributes are typically considered crucial to success?
A handful
What is the purpose of classifying quality attributes?
To select appropriate design and construction approaches
What is the ideal scenario for a system in terms of quality attributes?
To maximize all quality attributes simultaneously
What is the purpose of Step 1 in the Exploring Quality Attributes method?
To start with a broad taxonomy to reduce the likelihood of overlooking an important quality dimension
Why is usability an important quality attribute for an airport check-in kiosk?
Because most users will encounter it infrequently
What is the purpose of pairwise ranking comparisons in the Exploring Quality Attributes method?
To compare quality attributes one by one
What is the outcome of prioritizing quality attributes in the Exploring Quality Attributes method?
A prioritized list of quality attributes
What is the main reason why it's impossible to maximize all quality attributes in a system?
Because of the trade-offs and conflicts between certain attributes
What is the purpose of Step 2 in the Exploring Quality Attributes method?
To reduce the list of quality attributes with a cross-section of stakeholders
What is the benefit of using pairwise ranking comparisons in the Exploring Quality Attributes method?
It works efficiently with a small list of items
Why is security an important quality attribute for an airport check-in kiosk?
Because it needs to handle payments
What is the goal of determining the most important quality attributes in a project?
To ensure that the project meets its success criteria
What is the minimum availability of the system on weekdays between 6:00 A.M. and midnight Riyadh Time?
95 percent
When is scheduled maintenance excluded from the calculation of availability?
Sunday 6:00 P.M. Pacific Time through Monday 3:00 A.M. Pacific Time
What is the primary concern when evaluating system availability?
The impact of system unavailability on business operations
Why is it important to define system availability?
To understand the business consequences of system unavailability
What is the purpose of specifying a measure of availability?
To specify the level of system availability required during certain hours
What is the impact of scheduled maintenance on system availability?
It decreases system availability during certain hours
What is the primary concern of integrity in a system?
Preserving the correctness of data entered into the system
Which of the following is a threat to data integrity?
Accidental loss or corruption of data
What is the purpose of verifying a backup copy against the original?
To ensure data integrity
What is the purpose of confirming the integrity of application executables?
To prevent the addition of unauthorized code
Why is security sometimes considered a subset of integrity?
Because some security requirements are intended to prevent access to data by unauthorized users
What is the purpose of performing data backups?
To ensure data integrity
What is the meaning of reliability in software development?
The probability of the software executing without failure for a period of time
What is the purpose of specifying a reliability measure such as REL-1?
To specify the acceptable probability of software failures
Why is reliability considered a lagging indicator?
Because it can only be determined after the system has been in operation for a while
What is a critical consideration when evaluating system reliability?
The consequences of experiencing a failure during certain operations
What is a potential consequence of a system failure?
The system may significantly affect business operations
What is a key factor in determining whether a system is reliable enough?
The maximum acceptable probability of failure during a given time period
What is a primary aspect of performance quality in a system?
Responsiveness
Why are performance requirements important in software development?
They affect software strategies and hardware choices
What is the maximum time for an ATM withdrawal request to be authorized, according to the performance requirement PER-1?
2.0 seconds
What is the average time for a webpage to fully download, according to the performance requirement PER-2?
3 seconds
What is the minimum percentage of time for the trading system to update the transaction status display within 1 second, according to the performance requirement PER-3?
98 percent
What drives the performance requirements of a system?
User expectations
What is the primary focus of robustness in software development?
Continuing to function properly despite invalid inputs or defects
What is an example of survivability in a system?
A system's ability to resist physical damage
What is the purpose of asking users about error conditions in a system?
To understand how the system should react to errors or defects
What is an example of a robustness requirement?
The system must be able to recover from a power failure
Why should developers not be told exactly how to implement a robustness requirement?
To allow developers to make technical decisions
What is the purpose of implementing checkpointing or periodic autosave in a text editor?
To minimize data loss in case of failure
What is the primary concern of Security in a system?
Blocking unauthorized access to system functions or data
What is the purpose of SAF-1 requirement?
To highlight ingredients that cause allergic reactions
What is the concern of Robustness in a system?
Handling exceptions and errors
What is the purpose of SEC-2 requirement?
To log all attempts to access secure data
What is the primary concern of Safety in a system?
Preventing harm to people or damage to property
What is the purpose of defining Quality Attributes?
To make a system both reliable and robust
What is the concern of Reliability in a system?
Preventing system failures
What is the purpose of SEC-3 requirement?
To quarantine incoming Internet traffic
What is the primary concern of Integrity in a system?
Protecting user data
What is the purpose of defining Safety requirements?
To prevent harm to people or damage to property
What is a measure of a system's usability?
All of the above
According to the requirement USE-1, what is the maximum time for a trained user to submit a request for a chemical from a vendor catalog?
Five minutes
What is the purpose of defining shortcut keys in the requirement USE-2?
To make menu commands consistent with Microsoft Word
What is a key aspect of usability beyond ease of use?
Error handling and recovery
What is the significance of usability in a system?
It describes user-friendliness
What is the percentage of chemists who can place a request for a chemical correctly with no more than 15 minutes of orientation?
95
What is the measure of usability that calculates the number of transactions the user can complete correctly in a given time period?
Throughput
What is the term for the delay or wait time when performing a task?
Response time
What is the measure of usability that calculates the number of interactions required to get to a piece of information?
Number of interactions
What is the measure of usability that calculates the number of errors the user makes when completing a task?
Error rate
Which aspect of a system may be compromised when making it more portable?
Performance
What is an important consideration when defining scalability requirements?
All of the above
What is the primary concern when evaluating system scalability?
All of the above
What is an important question to ask when defining scalability requirements?
All of the above
What is an example of a scalability requirement?
The system must be able to increase capacity from 500 to 2,500 calls per day within 12 hours.
What is the importance of considering scalability during system design?
To ensure the system can handle increased traffic and data without performance degradation
What is the primary focus of modifiability in software development?
How easily the software designs and code can be understood, changed, and extended
What is the measure of portability?
The effort needed to migrate software from one operating environment to another
What is the purpose of POR-1 requirement?
To ensure the software can be ported to Android devices with no more than 10% of source code changes
What is the purpose of identifying target environments in portability?
To identify the portions of the product that must be movable to other environments
What is the benefit of considering modifiability and portability in software development?
It reduces the time and effort required for maintenance and updates
What is the focus of MOD-2 requirement?
To ensure function calls are not nested more than two levels deep
What type of constraint is imposed by the requirement that only open source software under the GNU General Public License may be used to implement the product?
Implementation constraint
What is the primary focus of detecting solution ideas that describe one particular way to meet a need?
Distinguishing the underlying need from the constraint
What is the consequence of a user presenting a solution idea as a requirement?
The underlying need is difficult to identify
What is an example of a data constraint?
All textual data used by the application shall be stored in the form of XML files
What is the focus of the business analyst when dealing with user requirements?
Detecting solution ideas and distinguishing the underlying need
What is the consequence of getting hung up on debating whether a particular need is a functional or a non-functional requirement?
The requirement is not accurately identified
What is the meaning of a plus sign in a cell in the quality attribute trade-offs?
Increasing the attribute in the corresponding row usually has a positive effect on the attribute in the column.
What is a constraint in software development?
A restriction on the design or implementation choices available to the developer.
What is an example of a constraint imposed by the product's operating environment?
The type and version of web browsers that will be used.
What is a physical restriction that may be imposed on a system?
A limitation on the amount of memory that can be used.
What is a source of constraints in software development?
All of the above.
What is a type of constraint that may be imposed on a system due to regulations or business rules?
Compliance requirement.
Test your knowledge of quality attributes, also known as quality factors or quality requirements, which encompass the non-functional aspects of a system's performance, such as usability, speed, and reliability. How well do you understand the 'ilities' that shape a product's overall quality?
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