Understanding Poverty and Development

Poverty - a condition in which people are unable to meet their basic needs (food, clothing, shelter, education, ______)

Rich and Poor Countries differ in their level of ______

Highly Developed Countries have a ______ rate of industrialization

Moderately Developed Countries exhibit a ______ rate of population growth

Less Developed Countries have a ______ rate of income per person compared to Moderately Developed Countries

Ecological footprint is an amount of productive land, fresh water, and ocean required on a continuous basis to supply each person with food, wood, energy, water, housing, clothing, transportation, and waste. The IPAT equation (I=PAT) uses the 3 factors: number of people (P), affluence per person or the amount of resources used per person (A), and environmental effects of technologies used to obtain and consume the resources (T), to determine and estimate environmental impact. Environmental sustainability is the ability to meet humanity’s current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Module 1: Lesson 2 Levels of Organizational Hierarchy: Atoms →Molecules→Cells→Tissues→Organ→Organ System→Organism→Population↓ Ecosphere←Biome←Ecosystem←Community. Ecosystem is composed of Biotic organisms + Abiotic Environment - First in the ecological hierarchy complete with all the components important for survival - 2 layers a.) Autotrophic stratum - contains chlorophyll-containing plants b.) Heterotrophic stratum - contains decaying matter - Components a.) Organic substances - e.g. C, N, O2, S, P b.) Organic compounds - link biotic and abiotic components c.) Abiotic factors - air, water, climate, soil d.) Biotic factors - producers, consumers, decomposers. Autotrophs are organisms that can produce food on their own using light, water, CO2, and other chemicals. Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot produce their own food but instead rely on other organisms for nourishment. Trophic Levels: Producers provide energy for other organisms; needs sunlight to produce energy 1. Macrophytes - large floating plants, home for other smaller animals 2. Small floating plants and Phytoplanktons. Consumers: 1. Herbivores - primary consumers; feed directly on plants a. Macroconsumers b. Microconsumers - zooplanktons and benthic organisms (lives on the ocean floor) 2. Carnivores - secondary consumers; feed on another type of consumers a. Nekton - organisms free-swimming in the water 3. Detritivores - feed on decaying matter, or wastes from another type of consumers. Decomposers break down decaying matter or wastes. 10% of energy consumed is transferred every trophic level. 90% of that energy will be lost as heat. Energy 1. 1st law of Thermodynamics: Law of Conservation of Energy - Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only be converted into other forms of energy 2. 2nd law of Thermodynamics: Law of Entropy - Unless outside energy is provided, a system will always seek disorder or entropy. No process involving energy transformation will spontaneously occur unless there is degradation of energy from a low disorder(concentrated) to high disorder (dispersed).

The IPAT equation (I=PAT) uses the 3 factors: number of people (P), affluence per person or the amount of resources used per person (A), and environmental effects of technologies used to obtain and consume the resources (T), to determine and estimate environmental __________.

Environmental sustainability is the ability to meet humanity’s current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their __________.

Ecosystem is composed of Biotic organisms + Abiotic Environment - First in the ecological hierarchy complete with all the components important for survival - 2 layers a.) Autotrophic stratum - contains chlorophyll-containing plants b.) Heterotrophic stratum - contains decaying __________.

Autotrophs are organisms that can produce food on their own using light, water, CO2, and other __________.

Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot produce their own food but instead rely on other organisms for __________.