Podcast
Questions and Answers
How does relative poverty differ from absolute poverty?
How does relative poverty differ from absolute poverty?
- Absolute poverty is defined by societal standards. (correct)
- Relative poverty considers wealth distribution within a society. (correct)
- Absolute poverty focuses on social positions.
- Relative poverty is based on absolute income levels.
What is the primary measure used by the OECD and EU to define relative poverty?
What is the primary measure used by the OECD and EU to define relative poverty?
- Income 50% lower than the median household income. (correct)
- Availability of basic necessities.
- Income below the national average.
- Overall wealth compared to global standards.
What crucial link does the concept of relative poverty establish?
What crucial link does the concept of relative poverty establish?
- Between poverty and crime rates.
- Between poverty and individual health.
- Between poverty and government policies.
- Between poverty and wealth distribution. (correct)
What defines those categorized under relative poverty?
What defines those categorized under relative poverty?
What is a key characteristic of absolute poverty?
What is a key characteristic of absolute poverty?
In the context of social hierarchy, how is poverty commonly perceived?
In the context of social hierarchy, how is poverty commonly perceived?
What does reducing poverty ultimately require according to the content?
What does reducing poverty ultimately require according to the content?
According to this concept, how are individuals categorized as 'poor'?
According to this concept, how are individuals categorized as 'poor'?
What is the central mechanism for generating wealth according to classical liberal economics?
What is the central mechanism for generating wealth according to classical liberal economics?
How do green politics differ from traditional economic growth perspectives?
How do green politics differ from traditional economic growth perspectives?
What do feminists highlight as crucial for development according to some perspectives?
What do feminists highlight as crucial for development according to some perspectives?
What do liberal theorists believe causes 'development failures'?
What do liberal theorists believe causes 'development failures'?
Which of the following is a characteristic of peripheral areas according to classical liberal economics?
Which of the following is a characteristic of peripheral areas according to classical liberal economics?
What aspect does cosmopolitan theorists emphasize in their understanding of development?
What aspect does cosmopolitan theorists emphasize in their understanding of development?
What potential conflict is associated with 'development as growth' according to alternative perspectives?
What potential conflict is associated with 'development as growth' according to alternative perspectives?
Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the internal societal issues that affect development?
Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the internal societal issues that affect development?
What is suggested as a potential benefit of widening inequality?
What is suggested as a potential benefit of widening inequality?
What do economic liberals argue about social levelling?
What do economic liberals argue about social levelling?
According to the perspective discussed, which is seen as less important than freedom?
According to the perspective discussed, which is seen as less important than freedom?
Which phase in industrial development may be associated with widening inequality?
Which phase in industrial development may be associated with widening inequality?
What did the end of empire in the 1950s and 1960s primarily impact?
What did the end of empire in the 1950s and 1960s primarily impact?
What aspect of society should individuals have, according to the discussion?
What aspect of society should individuals have, according to the discussion?
What is considered an issue of global justice in the context of state development?
What is considered an issue of global justice in the context of state development?
What criticism is leveled against the relatively egalitarian structures of state socialist regimes?
What criticism is leveled against the relatively egalitarian structures of state socialist regimes?
What was one significant method of reform mentioned in the content?
What was one significant method of reform mentioned in the content?
Which consequence did structural adjustment often lead to in countries like Chile and Argentina?
Which consequence did structural adjustment often lead to in countries like Chile and Argentina?
What was a notable difference in recovery after the 1997 Asian financial crisis?
What was a notable difference in recovery after the 1997 Asian financial crisis?
According to analysts like Joseph Stiglitz, what was a drawback of SAPs?
According to analysts like Joseph Stiglitz, what was a drawback of SAPs?
What effect did reducing government spending typically have on welfare provisions?
What effect did reducing government spending typically have on welfare provisions?
What did the content suggest about exposing weak economies to foreign competition?
What did the content suggest about exposing weak economies to foreign competition?
Which countries are mentioned as examples of ineffective adoption of economic reforms?
Which countries are mentioned as examples of ineffective adoption of economic reforms?
What is an implication of the experiences of China and India regarding economic reforms?
What is an implication of the experiences of China and India regarding economic reforms?
What was a primary focus of increased foreign investment mentioned?
What was a primary focus of increased foreign investment mentioned?
What is one criticism of Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs)?
What is one criticism of Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs)?
How are the decision-makers in the IMF and World Bank characterized?
How are the decision-makers in the IMF and World Bank characterized?
What approach did industrially advanced countries historically take towards their industries?
What approach did industrially advanced countries historically take towards their industries?
What was a major flaw of the model underlying SAPs as per the critique?
What was a major flaw of the model underlying SAPs as per the critique?
What do critics suggest about the concept of an open economy as related to development?
What do critics suggest about the concept of an open economy as related to development?
During which decade did the criticism of SAPs escalate significantly?
During which decade did the criticism of SAPs escalate significantly?
What do proponents of SAPs argue they will create in relation to global economic growth?
What do proponents of SAPs argue they will create in relation to global economic growth?
Flashcards
Relative Poverty
Relative Poverty
Poverty measured by comparing income to others; feeling poor relative to societal standards.
Absolute Poverty
Absolute Poverty
Poverty based on a fixed minimum standard regardless of others' wealth.
OECD/EU Poverty Measure
OECD/EU Poverty Measure
Income 50% below the median household income.
Poverty & Wealth Distribution
Poverty & Wealth Distribution
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Objective Poverty Measurement
Objective Poverty Measurement
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Reducing Poverty
Reducing Poverty
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Poverty Categorization
Poverty Categorization
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Wealth Generation (Classical Liberal)
Wealth Generation (Classical Liberal)
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Green Politics
Green Politics
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Feminist Development
Feminist Development
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Development Failures (Liberal Theorists)
Development Failures (Liberal Theorists)
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Peripheral Area Characteristics
Peripheral Area Characteristics
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Cosmopolitan Development
Cosmopolitan Development
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Development as Growth Concerns
Development as Growth Concerns
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Social Leveling
Social Leveling
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Freedom vs. Income Distribution
Freedom vs. Income Distribution
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Industrial Development Inequality
Industrial Development Inequality
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Post-Empire Impact
Post-Empire Impact
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Social Mobility
Social Mobility
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Global Justice in State Development
Global Justice in State Development
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State Socialist Regimes Weakness
State Socialist Regimes Weakness
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Economic Reform (Privatization)
Economic Reform (Privatization)
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Impact of Structural Adjustment (SAPs)
Impact of Structural Adjustment (SAPs)
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Asian Financial Crisis Recovery
Asian Financial Crisis Recovery
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SAP Drawbacks (Stiglitz)
SAP Drawbacks (Stiglitz)
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Government Spending & Welfare
Government Spending & Welfare
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Foreign Competition Effect
Foreign Competition Effect
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Study Notes
Poverty
- Poverty is a social phenomenon based on relative position within a society.
- Relative poverty defines the poor as those with less than the median household income in their country.
- Relative poverty links poverty and inequality, suggesting poverty reduction requires wealth redistribution and equality promotion.
- Absolute poverty is objectively defined as a lack of basic necessities like food, water, shelter, and clothing.
Development
- Development as growth focuses on economic prosperity driven by the free market.
- Liberalism sees development failures as stemming from internal factors like cultural norms, rigid state institutions, corruption, and ethnic conflicts.
- Green politics emphasizes development as sustainability, balancing economic growth with environmental protection.
- Cosmopolitan theorists advocate for development based on global justice.
- Feminist perspectives argue that gender equality is crucial for development.
Inequality
- Economic liberals argue that inequality drives economic growth by incentivizing hard work and enterprise.
- Inequality may be a necessary phase in industrial development.
- The focus on wealth distribution should be on how it's achieved, rather than the outcome itself.
- Freedom of individuals and states is prioritized over social leveling.
Development Aid
- Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) imposed by the IMF and World Bank aimed to promote privatization, reduce government spending, and devalue currencies.
- SAPs often resulted in economic instability and heightened poverty.
- SAPs are criticized for focusing on donor interests over recipient needs and for being based on flawed development models.
- SAPs prioritize free trade over protecting industries during early industrialization.
- SAPs are criticized for relying on free-market development as a precondition, rather than a consequence.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the various concepts of poverty, development, and inequality. This quiz covers relative and absolute poverty, different development theories including liberalism and green politics, and the role of gender in development. Explore how these ideas interconnect and shape our society.
