Understanding Position Papers & Manifestos

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a position paper?

  • To present the writer's stance on a particular issue (correct)
  • To collect data from various respondents
  • To create an emotional narrative
  • To explore multiple viewpoints on an issue

How do emotional appeals contribute to the effectiveness of a manifesto?

  • They evoke feelings of urgency and moral duty in the audience (correct)
  • They enhance the credibility of the writer's sources
  • They present a logical argument against counterarguments
  • They provide statistical evidence to support claims

In what way does the use of counterarguments benefit the argument in a manifesto?

  • It avoids presenting opposition to keep the argument strong
  • It allows the writer to directly engage with opposing viewpoints and refute them (correct)
  • It identifies the author's personal biases
  • It simplifies the argument for readers unfamiliar with the topic

What is the significance of ethos in a manifesto?

<p>It establishes the credibility and trustworthiness of the writer to persuade the reader (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does personal approach play in conducting a survey?

<p>It allows for observation of respondent behavior while probing for answers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a self-administered survey?

<p>Participants complete the survey independently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Likert scale assess?

<p>Agreement or disagreement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of question generally provides less information but is easier to analyze?

<p>Closed question. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a Consent Letter in research?

<p>To assure confidentiality of participants' information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the results and discussion section of a survey report?

<p>Collected data presented clearly and in detail. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the questionnaire design process involve?

<p>Contemplating question formats and layout. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What purpose does a table serve in a research report?

<p>To represent the final data and organize raw data. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of a report enhance clarity?

<p>By logically summarizing findings followed by data and visuals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of dissemination in research?

<p>Communicating findings to target audiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about dichotomous questions is correct?

<p>They provide only two possible answers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Position Paper Purpose

A position paper summarizes a stance on an issue.

Emotional Appeals in Manifesto

Creating urgency/moral responsibility to persuade readers.

Counterarguments in Manifesto

Acknowledging opposing views to strengthen the writer's argument.

Ethos in Manifesto

Using credibility to persuade the reader, establishing trust & authority.

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Evidence Role in Manifesto

Supporting statements with proof, often emotional in nature.

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Self-administered survey

A survey where respondents complete it independently, without researcher presence.

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Online survey

Traditional survey method where a respondent has assistance of a computer literate individual.

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Survey method

Gathering data by asking questions to get desired information.

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Creating a survey

A systematic way to achieve survey goals.

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Open-ended question

Survey question without predetermined answers.

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Dichotomous question

Survey question with two possible answers (e.g., yes/no).

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Likert scale

Scale to measure agreement/disagreement or approval/disapproval (usually 5-point).

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Contingency question

Survey question for specific respondents based on previous answers.

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Survey Report

Formal research document.

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Dissemination

Planned process of sharing research findings.

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Study Notes

Position Papers & Manifestos

  • Position papers summarize an author's stance on an issue.
  • Introductory information uses sources like directories, encyclopedias, and handbooks.

Emotional Appeals in Manifestos

  • Emotional appeals create urgency and moral obligation in readers.

Counterarguments in Manifestos

  • Writers acknowledge opposing views and refute them to strengthen their own argument.

Ethos in Manifestos

  • Ethos (credibility) establishes the author's trustworthiness to persuade readers.

Evidence in Manifestos

  • Evidence used in manifestos is often exaggerated to evoke emotional responses.

Surveys & Questionnaires

  • Surveys collect responses on issues.
  • A survey questionnaire is a data gathering tool with questions.
  • Survey methods include personal, self-administered, and online methods.
  • Dissemination plans consider target audiences and communication/interaction settings.

Visualizations (Graphs & Tables)

  • Graphs and tables illustrate data variations, collect raw data during experiments, and present findings in reports.

Survey Reports

  • Survey reports are formal research documents.
  • Reports have sections for Introduction, Method (procedure), Results & Discussion (data/analysis), and Conclusion.

Survey Methods & Question Types

  • Survey methods gather data through questions.
  • Different types of questions: open-ended (more info, harder to analyze), dichotomous (yes/no), multiple response (more than one answer option), Likert scale (agreement/disagreement, approval/disapproval on a scale), and contingency questions (specific to certain answers).

Survey Design

  • Questionnaire design considers question types, survey factors, wording choices, organizing questions.
  • Consent letters ensure confidentiality.

Visuals & Clarity in Reports

  • Visuals (graphs, charts) represent complex data simply, highlighting trends.
  • Visuals are effective if they're straightforward with clear labels and legends.
  • Structure contributes to clear findings (summarize findings first, then follow up with data).
  • Data representations are aligned with narratives for clarity.

Claims & Statements (Examples from provided text)

  • Claim: Kids are super spreaders of Covid-19 virus.
  • Statement: US study shows children have higher virus levels than adults.
  • Claim: Pollution is seen as a major world problem.
  • Statement: Lands are disappearing beneath rising seas.
  • Claim: Mental health is not just a millennial/senior issue.
  • Statement: Family separation, financial anxieties, social media negativity can trigger anxiety.
  • Claim: Reforestation helps with flooding.
  • Statement: Tropical cycles lead to heavy rain, strong winds, and storm surges.
  • Claim: Digital tech played a key role in reopening the economy.
  • Statement: Data security is risky due to hacking and transmission risks in digital technology.

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