Understanding Policy Failure
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Questions and Answers

Which type of evaluation focuses on how well the implementation of a policy matches its intent?

  • Impact evaluation
  • Process evaluation (correct)
  • Effectiveness evaluation
  • Outcome evaluation

    • What is measured to evaluate the effects of a policy in outcome evaluation?

  • Number of crashes during a snowfall
  • Valid measures of the policy's effects (correct)
  • Miles of streets plowed
  • Accident rates

    • What should be identified when conducting outcome evaluation?

  • Short and long term effects
  • Target groups (correct)
  • Non-target groups
  • All of the above

    • Which factor can contribute to the failure of public policies?

    <p>Unreasonable expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between single loop learning and double loop learning?

    <p>Single loop learning fixes the problem step by step, while double loop learning questions underlying assumptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of policy evaluation?

    <p>To determine the viability of policy interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a persistent problem in public policy?

    <p>A problem that requires long-term solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of outside players in public policy?

    <p>Interest groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern when evaluating the success of a policy?

    <p>Level of uncertainty of unintended consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a challenge in determining public opinion?

    <p>Don't know or no preference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if one doesn't know the difference between an opinion and a non-attitude?

    <p>The public is fooled into caring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a problem if one tries to figure out what the public believes or cares about?

    <p>No good solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country can borrow indefinitely if it controls its own currency?

    <p>United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages mentioned in the text for the United States having the dollar as an international reserve currency?

    <p>Multiple advantages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state in New England is known for being a low tax, low spending state?

    <p>New Hampshire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of performance budgeting, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>To make spending more efficient and effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in the calculation of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

    <p>Imports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between effective tax rates and nominal tax rates?

    <p>Effective tax rates are the actual taxes people pay, while nominal tax rates are theoretical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the increasing costs of Medicare?

    <p>Medical expenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in the calculation of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

    <p>Imports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the increasing costs of Medicare?

    <p>Welfare entitlements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the American rescue plan mentioned in the text?

    <p>To provide economic stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fiscal year does FY2024 occur in?

    <p>October 1st</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the federal government need to borrow money?

    <p>To cover expenditures above revenues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the risks of growing deficits and debt mentioned in the text?

    <p>Higher interest rates on private debt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of government is primarily responsible for making fiscal policy decisions?

    <p>Legislative branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between fiscal policy and monetary policy?

    <p>Fiscal policy focuses on taxing and spending decisions, while monetary policy concerns decisions about money supply and interest rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between deficit and debt?

    <p>Deficit is the annual shortfall in revenue compared to how much the government wants to spend, while debt is the total amount of money the federal government owes because of borrowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between analysis of existing policy and analysis for new policy?

    <p>Analysis of existing policy explains policies and their development, while analysis for new policy formulates policies and proposals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the purpose of policy analysis?

    <p>To evaluate the available options to implement laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is policy analysis frequently deployed?

    <p>Public sector, nonprofit organizations, and non-governmental organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach in policy analysis focuses on individual problems and their solutions at the micro-scale?

    <p>Analysis-centric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach in policy analysis puts its focal point onto political processes and involved stakeholders at the broader meso-scale?

    <p>Policy process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach in policy analysis focuses on explaining the contextual factors of the policy process at the macro-scale?

    <p>Meta-policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main research methods used in policy analysis?

    <p>Qualitative and quantitative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is one of the dimensions of the 'five-E approach' to policy analysis mentioned in the text?

    <p>Feasibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a systemic policy analysis mentioned in the text?

    <p>To address a social problem in depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the types of policies mentioned in the text?

    <p>International policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of political institutions that give policy legitimacy mentioned in the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the purpose of policies in subjective decision-making?

    <p>To assist senior management with decisions based on multiple factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between policies and rules or law?

    <p>Policies are statements of intent, while rules or law guide actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does policy or policy study refer to, in addition to guidelines and decision-making?

    <p>The process of making important organizational decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stage in the policy cycle?

    <p>Policy termination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of corporate purchasing policies?

    <p>To standardize the way purchasing is done</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical accounting policy in public corporate finance?

    <p>A policy with a notably high subjective element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential unintended consequence of raising taxes, according to the text?

    <p>Capital flight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of the policy cycle is considered the most common and widely recognized?

    <p>Anderson's version of the stages model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Paul A. Sabatier, what is the issue with Anderson's version of the stages model?

    <p>It is outdated and no longer useful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of cyclical models of policy cycles?

    <p>They are unresponsive and unrealistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the applicability and scope statement in a policy document?

    <p>To focus the policy on only the desired targets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stage in the policy cycle?

    <p>Legitimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the increasing costs of Medicare?

    <p>Advancements in medical technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of performance budgeting, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>To ensure transparency in the budgeting process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the purpose of public policy?

    <p>To create regulations and laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of judicial actions in public policy making, according to the text?

    <p>Paramount</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes policy outputs from policy outcomes, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Policy outputs are directly measurable actions taken in pursuance of policy decisions and statements, while policy outcomes focus on a policy's societal consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of public policy in the United States, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Decision-making and analysis of governmental decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to David Easton, public policy can be defined as:

    <p>A web of decisions and actions that allocates values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Richard Titmuss, public policy can be defined as:

    <p>The principles that govern action directed towards given ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Antonio Lassance, public policy can be defined as:

    <p>An institutionalized proposal to solve a central problem, guided by a conception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Thomas R. Dye, public policy can be defined as:

    <p>Whatever governments choose to do or not to do</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the purpose of policy analysis?

    <p>To examine and evaluate the available options to implement the goals of laws and elected officials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between analysis of existing policy and analysis for new policy?

    <p>Analysis of existing policy is analytical and descriptive, while analysis for new policy is prescriptive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is policy analysis frequently deployed?

    <p>Public sector, nonprofit organizations, and non-governmental organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following approaches in policy analysis focuses on political processes and the interests and goals of elected officials?

    <p>Policy process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of the analysis-centric approach in policy analysis?

    <p>To identify the most effective and efficient solution in technical and economic terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach in policy analysis focuses on explaining the contextual factors of the policy process at the macro-scale?

    <p>Meta-policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main research methods used in policy analysis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what are the five dimensions of the 'five-E approach' to policy analysis?

    <p>Effectiveness, Efficiency, Ethical considerations, Evaluations of alternatives, Establishment of recommendations for positive change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'framework' refer to in the context of policy analysis?

    <p>A framework represents the general well-being that policies aim to optimize.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of policies are commonly analyzed by legislative bodies and lobbyists?

    <p>Government policies, policies adopted within public institutions, workplace policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of evidence-supported models mentioned in the text?

    <p>Process model, systems model, incremental model</p> Signup and view all the answers

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