Understanding Pluralism and Diversity

Questions and Answers

What is a pluralistic society?

A society where only one cultural tradition is allowed

A society where cultural diversity is suppressed

A society where all people can fully participate while maintaining their cultural traditions and beliefs (correct)

A society where only one religion is allowed

What is pluralism?

A social or political environment where only one religion is allowed

A social or political environment where cultural diversity is discouraged

A social or political environment where one cultural group dominates

A social or political environment where numerous distinct ethnic, religious, or cultural groups coexist (correct)

What is the primary reason for the celebration of diversity in the United States?

Because it leads to pluralism and ensures no one group has special privilege (correct)

Because it leads to a single national identity

Because it promotes a Christian nation

Because it suppresses religious freedom

When did the arrival of the first slave ships add an African tribal dimension to American society?

1619 Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the conversion of African Americans to evangelical Protestantism in the 18th century?

A vibrant fusion of African ways with evangelical Protestantism Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Spanish settlements in areas from Florida through Texas and the Southwest to California?

The addition of Spanish and French Catholicism to American religious diversity Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the changes in immigration laws in 1965?

A rise in immigration from Latin America, Africa, and Asia Signup and view all the answers

What is the main principle behind the idea of pluralism in the United States?

No one religious group or tradition has special privilege Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of persons of Hispanic origin who have entered the United States legally or illegally since 2000?

Over 10 million Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population in the United States was foreign-born in 2013?

13 percent Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cultural influence on Hispanic Catholicism in the United States?

Central and South American cultures Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'race'?

A category of humankind that shares certain distinctive physical traits Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary ancestral origin of the vast majority of the population in the Philippines?

Malay descent Signup and view all the answers

How many culturally and linguistically distinct ethnic groups are there in the Philippines?

110 Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'ethnicity'?

Identity with a group of people who share cultural traditions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ethnic groups is found in Luzon?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of geographical mobility on racial stock?

Racial stock that has been preserved through centuries of isolation is mingled with other racial strains Signup and view all the answers

What is the major effect of internal migration in large modern societies?

Urbanization of the culture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting social mobility?

Age Signup and view all the answers

What can be a factor enhancing social mobility, according to the content?

Marriage to someone from a much higher social stratum Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a result of urbanization of the culture?

Rural social relations and structures Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for hard work to lead to social mobility?

An open system of stratification Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ethnic groups is not found in Visayas?

Maranao Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the working class?

Involvement in manual labor and blue-collar jobs Signup and view all the answers

What is socioeconomic status?

The social standing or class of an individual or group based on education, income and occupation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main issue faced by the lower class?

Lack of education and occupational skills Signup and view all the answers

What is an open system in the context of socioeconomic class?

A system where positions are awarded based on merit and individual achievements Signup and view all the answers

What is geographical migration?

The movement of people from one geographical spot to another Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the upper class?

They usually isolate themselves from the rest of society Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason for migration?

Economic factor Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the upper-middle class?

They live in comfortable homes in the more exclusive areas of a community Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the diffusion of cultures?

The contact and communication between culturally isolated groups Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the lower-middle class?

They share many characteristics with the upper-middle class style but have not been able to achieve the same lifestyle Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the working class in terms of their family?

They are very much involved with their extended families Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ethnic groups is found in Mindanao?

Yakan Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of natural calamities?

Migration of people to other areas Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of examinations of socioeconomic status?

Revealing inequities in access to resources plus issues related to privilege, power and control Signup and view all the answers

What is not a characteristic of the lower class?

Involvement in white-collar jobs Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pluralism and Diversity in Society

A state of society where diverse ethnic, racial, religious, or social groups maintain and develop their traditional culture or special interest within a common civilization.
Pluralism refers to a social or political environment where numerous distinct ethnic, religious, or cultural groups coexist.
A pluralistic society is one where all people can fully participate while maintaining their cultural traditions and beliefs.

Early Signs of Diversity

The arrival of the first slave ships in 1619 added an African tribal dimension to American society.
Southern congregations became biracial, and sustained efforts to convert African Americans after the 18th century brought a vibrant fusion of African ways with evangelical Protestantism.
Spanish settlements in areas from Florida to California brought more diversity, adding Spanish and French Catholicism to American religious diversity.

Religious Freedom and the Separation of Church and State

The United States was never a Christian nation per se, but one where religious freedom meant no one religious group or tradition had special privilege.
This diversity made it unfair to grant one group governmental support.

New Faces of Pluralism

Changes in immigration laws in 1965 spurred a rise in immigration from Latin America, Africa, and Asia.
Over 10 million persons of Hispanic origin have entered the United States legally or illegally since 2000.
In 1970, 5% of the population was foreign-born, increasing to 13% in 2013.

Our Multiple Cultures and Identities

Race is defined as a category of humankind that shares certain distinctive physical traits.
Ethnicity is identity with a group of people who share cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth.
Filipino society consists of nearly 110 culturally and linguistically distinct ethnic groups.

Socioeconomic Class and Mobility

Socioeconomic status is the social standing or class of an individual or group, measured as a combination of education, income, and occupation.
Examinations of socioeconomic status often reveal inequities in access to resources, plus issues related to privilege, power, and control.

Philippine Socioeconomic Class

The upper class recognizes one another and is recognized by others by reputation and lifestyle, influencing the society's basic economy and political structure.
The upper-middle class is made up of successful business and professional people, living in comfortable homes, active in civic groups, and planning for the future.
The lower-middle class shares many characteristics with the upper-middle class but has not achieved the same lifestyle due to economic or educational shortcomings.
The working class is made up of factory workers and other blue-collar workers, involved with their extended families, and often lacking high school education.
The lower class has little education or occupational skills, facing unemployment, and struggling to survive.

Geographical Migration

Geographical migration is the movement of people from one geographical spot to another, influenced by factors such as economic opportunities, political reasons, religious liberty, educational opportunities, and natural calamities.

Effects of Migration

Diffusion of cultures occurs as people from different cultural backgrounds come into contact.
Biological mixture occurs as ethnic strains become more entangled.
Urbanization of culture occurs as people move to cities, leading to increased access to medical, educational, and recreational facilities.

Hard work is seen as an important factor in social mobility.
Social structure can enhance or deter social mobility.
Level of education is a key factor in social mobility, as higher education can lead to climbing the social and economic ladder.
Marriage to someone from a higher social stratum can also cause social mobility.

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Explore the concept of pluralism and its role in fostering diverse societies where different groups coexist and maintain their cultural traditions.