Questions and Answers
What is a pluralistic society?
What is pluralism?
What is the primary reason for the celebration of diversity in the United States?
When did the arrival of the first slave ships add an African tribal dimension to American society?
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What was the result of the conversion of African Americans to evangelical Protestantism in the 18th century?
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What was the result of the Spanish settlements in areas from Florida through Texas and the Southwest to California?
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What was the significance of the changes in immigration laws in 1965?
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What is the main principle behind the idea of pluralism in the United States?
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What is the estimated number of persons of Hispanic origin who have entered the United States legally or illegally since 2000?
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What percentage of the population in the United States was foreign-born in 2013?
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What is the primary cultural influence on Hispanic Catholicism in the United States?
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What is the definition of 'race'?
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What is the primary ancestral origin of the vast majority of the population in the Philippines?
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How many culturally and linguistically distinct ethnic groups are there in the Philippines?
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What is the definition of 'ethnicity'?
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Which of the following ethnic groups is found in Luzon?
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What is the result of geographical mobility on racial stock?
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What is the major effect of internal migration in large modern societies?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting social mobility?
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What can be a factor enhancing social mobility, according to the content?
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What is NOT a result of urbanization of the culture?
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What is a requirement for hard work to lead to social mobility?
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Which of the following ethnic groups is not found in Visayas?
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What is the primary characteristic of the working class?
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What is socioeconomic status?
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What is the main issue faced by the lower class?
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What is an open system in the context of socioeconomic class?
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What is geographical migration?
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What is a characteristic of the upper class?
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Which of the following is a reason for migration?
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What is a characteristic of the upper-middle class?
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What is the result of the diffusion of cultures?
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What is a characteristic of the lower-middle class?
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What is a characteristic of the working class in terms of their family?
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Which of the following ethnic groups is found in Mindanao?
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What is a consequence of natural calamities?
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What is a consequence of examinations of socioeconomic status?
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What is not a characteristic of the lower class?
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Study Notes
Pluralism and Diversity in Society
- A state of society where diverse ethnic, racial, religious, or social groups maintain and develop their traditional culture or special interest within a common civilization.
- Pluralism refers to a social or political environment where numerous distinct ethnic, religious, or cultural groups coexist.
- A pluralistic society is one where all people can fully participate while maintaining their cultural traditions and beliefs.
Early Signs of Diversity
- The arrival of the first slave ships in 1619 added an African tribal dimension to American society.
- Southern congregations became biracial, and sustained efforts to convert African Americans after the 18th century brought a vibrant fusion of African ways with evangelical Protestantism.
- Spanish settlements in areas from Florida to California brought more diversity, adding Spanish and French Catholicism to American religious diversity.
Religious Freedom and the Separation of Church and State
- The United States was never a Christian nation per se, but one where religious freedom meant no one religious group or tradition had special privilege.
- This diversity made it unfair to grant one group governmental support.
New Faces of Pluralism
- Changes in immigration laws in 1965 spurred a rise in immigration from Latin America, Africa, and Asia.
- Over 10 million persons of Hispanic origin have entered the United States legally or illegally since 2000.
- In 1970, 5% of the population was foreign-born, increasing to 13% in 2013.
Our Multiple Cultures and Identities
- Race is defined as a category of humankind that shares certain distinctive physical traits.
- Ethnicity is identity with a group of people who share cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth.
- Filipino society consists of nearly 110 culturally and linguistically distinct ethnic groups.
Socioeconomic Class and Mobility
- Socioeconomic status is the social standing or class of an individual or group, measured as a combination of education, income, and occupation.
- Examinations of socioeconomic status often reveal inequities in access to resources, plus issues related to privilege, power, and control.
Philippine Socioeconomic Class
- The upper class recognizes one another and is recognized by others by reputation and lifestyle, influencing the society's basic economy and political structure.
- The upper-middle class is made up of successful business and professional people, living in comfortable homes, active in civic groups, and planning for the future.
- The lower-middle class shares many characteristics with the upper-middle class but has not achieved the same lifestyle due to economic or educational shortcomings.
- The working class is made up of factory workers and other blue-collar workers, involved with their extended families, and often lacking high school education.
- The lower class has little education or occupational skills, facing unemployment, and struggling to survive.
Geographical Migration
- Geographical migration is the movement of people from one geographical spot to another, influenced by factors such as economic opportunities, political reasons, religious liberty, educational opportunities, and natural calamities.
Effects of Migration
- Diffusion of cultures occurs as people from different cultural backgrounds come into contact.
- Biological mixture occurs as ethnic strains become more entangled.
- Urbanization of culture occurs as people move to cities, leading to increased access to medical, educational, and recreational facilities.
Factors Affecting Social Mobility
- Hard work is seen as an important factor in social mobility.
- Social structure can enhance or deter social mobility.
- Level of education is a key factor in social mobility, as higher education can lead to climbing the social and economic ladder.
- Marriage to someone from a higher social stratum can also cause social mobility.
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Explore the concept of pluralism and its role in fostering diverse societies where different groups coexist and maintain their cultural traditions.