Understanding Plough Components and Accessories

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Questions and Answers

When is land leveling typically performed?

In the slack season when fields are free from crops (correct)

During the harvesting season

Right after sowing seeds

Immediately after rain

What is the primary purpose of land leveling in agriculture?

To improve soil pH

To prevent soil erosion

To increase soil fertility

To facilitate timely agricultural operations (correct)

Which type of material is commonly used to make land levelers in India?

Concrete blocks

Aluminum sheets

Wooden logs or planks (correct)

Plastic molds

What is a key feature of the leveling karaha or scraper?

It has a U-shaped steel bowl with a cutting edge made of high carbon steel Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to do to hard soil before leveling it?

Loosen it first by ploughing or other means Signup and view all the answers

What is a ridger also known as?

Furrower Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the operation of a laser-guided leveler?

Works automatically using a laser beam Signup and view all the answers

What factor does NOT influence the amount of work done by land levelers in a day?

Type of crops planted previously Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sod or breaker type mould board?

To turn over thickly covered vegetation in tough soils Signup and view all the answers

Which mould board type is characterized by having slats on its surface?

Slat type Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the land side in a plough?

To transmit lateral thrust to the furrow wall Signup and view all the answers

What material is typically used to make the frog of the plough?

Cast iron or welded steel Signup and view all the answers

How does the tail piece contribute to the plough's functionality?

By helping to turn a furrow slice Signup and view all the answers

Which accessory is designed to cut the furrow slice vertically from the land in front of the plough?

Coulter Signup and view all the answers

What does a jointer do in relation to soil management during ploughing?

Cuts and buries trash under furrow slices Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the plough assists in controlling the depth of ploughing?

Gauge wheel Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the right and left gangs in a single action disc harrow?

To throw the soil in opposite directions Signup and view all the answers

How does a double action disc harrow differ from a single action disc harrow?

It works the field twice in each trip Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific configuration of a tandem disc harrow?

Four gangs angled in opposite directions Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of an off-set disc harrow?

It is off-set to one side and can throw soil in both directions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT part of a disc harrow?

Seed hopper Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disc harrow is most beneficial for working orchards and gardens?

Off-set disc harrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of the gangs in a double action disc harrow?

Two or more gangs in a sequential arrangement Signup and view all the answers

Which power sources can a disc harrow be classified under?

Tractor drawn and bullock drawn Signup and view all the answers

What effect does adding extra weight to the wheel of a disc plough have?

It increases the draft. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using a rotary tiller (rotovator) in soil cultivation?

It provides a fine degree of pulverization. Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of tynes found on a typical rotary tiller?

28 - 54 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blade is designed for effective cutting of weeds in trashy conditions?

'L' type blade Signup and view all the answers

How is power transmitted from the tractor to the rotary tiller?

From the PTO shaft to a bevel gear box. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a chisel plough?

To break through compacted soil layers. Signup and view all the answers

What component is responsible for ensuring proper depth control in a rotary tiller?

Depth control lever with depth wheel Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using the twisted blade on a rotary tiller?

It clogs easily with vegetation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of rigid tines in a cultivator?

They do not deflect during work. Signup and view all the answers

How is the spacing between tines adjusted on a cultivator with rigid tines?

By slackening bolts and sliding braces. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a duck foot cultivator?

Retention of moisture and shallow ploughing. Signup and view all the answers

Which equation correctly describes the theoretical field capacity of an implement?

Theoretical field capacity = W x S / 10 Signup and view all the answers

What does field efficiency measure?

The ratio of effective field capacity to theoretical field capacity. Signup and view all the answers

What is typically the width and length of a duck foot cultivator?

225 cm long and 60 cm wide. Signup and view all the answers

Which material are the sweeps of a duck foot cultivator typically made from?

High carbon steel. Signup and view all the answers

What does the effective field capacity formula consider that the theoretical field capacity does not?

Actual time consumed. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plough Bottom Components

Mould Board: Shapes include stubble/breaker (gentle curve, for tough soil), slat (gaps for sticky soil). Inverts furrow slice.
Landside: Flat plate resisting lateral thrust from furrow slice, stabilizing the plough. Attached to the frog.
Frog: Central attachment point for other plough bottom components (cast iron or welded steel).
Tail Piece: Extends mould board, aiding furrow slice turning.

Plough Accessories

Jointer: Miniature plough inverting a small furrow slice ahead of the main plough, burying surface trash.
Coulter: Vertically cuts furrow slice before the plough bottom, creating a clean wall.
Gauge Wheel, Land Wheel, Furrow Wheel: Increase ploughing efficiency (details not provided).

Special Purpose Ploughs

Rotary Tiller (Rotovator): Provides fine soil pulverization, mixing soil and reducing tractor traction. Components include tynes, rotor, transmission, leveling board, depth control. Uses 'L' type, twisted, and straight blades for different soil conditions. Benefits include effective pulverization, stubble/root incorporation, and ground levelling.
Chisel Plough: Breaks up compacted soil layers.

Disc Ploughs

Draft: Lighter draft than mouldboard ploughs under similar conditions; extra weight may be added for hard soil.
Types: Single action (two gangs throwing soil in opposite directions), double action (gangs throwing soil in opposite directions, working the field twice), tandem (four gangs, each angled oppositely), offset (two gangs in tandem, offset from centreline, useful for orchards/gardens). Components include discs, gangs, and various attachment/adjustment parts.

Cultivators

Rigid Tine Cultivators: Tines don't deflect; spacing adjustable; typically used with gauge wheels for depth control.
Duck Foot Cultivator: Rigid type, for shallow ploughing, weed destruction, moisture retention. Uses sweeps attached to steel frame; usually around 225cm long, 60cm wide with 7 sweeps.

Implement Evaluation

Theoretical Field Capacity: (Width of implement (m) * Speed (km/hr))/10 ha/hr; assumes 100% efficiency.
Effective Field Capacity: Actual area covered, considering total time and actual width.
Field Efficiency: (Effective field capacity/Theoretical field capacity) * 100%

Land Levelling

Common methods include using wooden logs/planks to move soil from high to low spots, and improved scrapers (e.g., U-shaped steel sheet), often pulled by bullocks. Tractor-mounted or laser-guided levelers are more advanced options.

Ridgers (Furrowers)

Forms ridges by cutting and turning soil simultaneously in opposite directions. Used for row crop planting.

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Description

This quiz explores the various components of a plough and their functions, including the mould board, landside, frog, and tail piece. Additionally, it covers essential accessories like jointers and coulters, along with special purpose ploughs such as rotary tillers. Test your knowledge on the parts and tools that enhance ploughing efficiency.