How much do you know about Schering Plough's Intron A?
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How much do you know about Schering Plough's Intron A?

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Questions and Answers

What is the producer microbe used in the production of Schering Plough's Intron A?

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Bacillus subtilis
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Escherichia coli (correct)

    • What is the difference between ViraferonPeg and native human IFN-α2b?

  • ViraferonPeg has a significantly prolonged plasma half-life (correct)
  • ViraferonPeg has a different mechanism of action
  • ViraferonPeg has a different amino acid sequence
  • ViraferonPeg is produced using a different microbe

    • What is the medical application of rhIFN-β?

  • Treatment of hairy cell leukemia
  • Treatment of chronic hepatitis C
  • Treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (correct)
  • Treatment of breast cancer

    • What is the mechanism of action of IFN-β in the treatment of MS?

    <p>Inhibits the production of IFN-α and IFN-γ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Schering Plough's Intron A?

    <p>Treatment of hairy cell leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic defect that causes chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)?

    <p>A defect in the NADH oxidase system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the recombinant human IFN-γ produced by Genentech?

    <p>Actimmune</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of IFN-γ in treating chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)?

    <p>Improving phagocytes' ability to generate toxic oxidative products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the interferon found in ruminants that can inhibit reverse transcriptase activity in HIV-infected cells?

    <p>IFN-τ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasitic disease shows promise in being treated by IFN-γ?

    <p>Leishmaniasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between IFN-ω and IFN-αs?

    <p>IFN-ω exhibits 50-60% amino acid identity to IFN-αs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of interleukins?

    <p>Regulate normal and malignant cell growth, all aspects of immune response, and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic defect that causes chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)?

    <p>Defect in the NADH oxidase system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of IFN-γ in treating CGD symptoms?

    <p>Improving phagocytes' ability to generate toxic oxidative products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Actimmune and how does it affect CGD?

    <p>A recombinant human IFN-γ that reduces the incidence of life-threatening infections by ≥50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the parasitic protozoan that causes leishmaniasis?

    <p>Leishmania</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is IFN-τ and what is its effect on HIV-infected cells?

    <p>An interferon found in ruminants that can inhibit reverse transcriptase activity in HIV-infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of interleukins?

    <p>Regulating normal and malignant cell growth, all aspects of immune response, and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type produces IL-1?

    <p>~17 different cell types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of Interleukin-2 (IL-2)?

    <p>T-lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of IL-2 in promoting immune response?

    <p>Serves as a growth factor for activated B-lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Proleukin?

    <p>A recombinant IL-2 preparation approved for cancer treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the efficacy of IL-2-stimulated cytotoxic T-cells in promoting tumour regression?

    <p>More efficacious than LAK cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of in vitro culturing of TILs in the presence of IL-2?

    <p>Promotes tumour regression in &gt;50% of treated patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Cyclosporin A in the immune system?

    <p>Inhibits IL-2 synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of IL-2 in the treatment of infections?

    <p>Useful in the treatment of a wide range of intracellular infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major role of IL-1?

    <p>Promoting synthesis of inflammatory mediators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of IL-1Rα?

    <p>It binds to the IL-1 receptor without triggering an intracellular response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tradename of the recently approved product for treating rheumatoid arthritis based on the use of a recombinant form of IL-1Rα?

    <p>Kineret</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of IL-11?

    <p>Stimulating the growth/differentiation of bone marrow cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tradename of the IL-11-based product approved for the prevention of thrombocytopenia?

    <p>Neumega</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the body?

    <p>T-lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of IL-2?

    <p>Prevents IL-2 synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Proleukin?

    <p>A recombinant IL-2 preparation approved for cancer treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are more efficacious than LAK cells in promoting tumour regression?

    <p>Cytotoxic T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs)?

    <p>Promoting tumour regression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cancer types have shown at least partial responsiveness to IL-2 treatment?

    <p>Ovarian and bladder cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Cyclosporin A?

    <p>Preventing IL-2 synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medical Applications of IFN-γ and Other Interferons

    • IFN-γ is used to treat chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a genetic condition that causes life-threatening infections due to phagocytic cells being unable to ingest or destroy pathogens.
    • CGD is caused by a genetic defect in the NADH oxidase system, which normally produces highly reactive oxidative substances lethal to pathogens.
    • IFN-γ is effective in treating CGD symptoms by improving phagocytes' ability to generate toxic oxidative products and increasing the expression of IgGFc receptors on their surface.
    • Actimmune, a recombinant human IFN-γ produced by Genentech, reduces the incidence of life-threatening infections by ≥50%, total infections by ≥50%, and hospitalization days by 3-fold.
    • IFN-γ shows promise in treating leishmaniasis caused by the parasitic protozoan of the genus Leishmania and lepromatous leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
    • Trophoblastin found in ruminants is an interferon called IFN-τ, which induces effects similar to type I interferon but exhibits significantly lower toxicity and can inhibit reverse transcriptase activity in HIV-infected cells.
    • IFN-ω is another member of the interferon type 1 family that exhibits 50-60% amino acid identity to IFN-αs and is more closely related to IFN-τ.
    • IFN-ω genes have been found in humans, pigs, and other mammals, and a recombinant form of feline IFN-ω has been approved within the EU for veterinary use.
    • Interleukins are a family of cytokines consisting of 33 different constituent members, with most being glycosylated and produced by various cell types.
    • Interleukins regulate normal and malignant cell growth, all aspects of immune response, and inflammation.
    • IL-1 is the exception to most interleukins, with ~17 different cell types producing it.
    • Most prominent producers of interleukins are non-immune system cells.

    Interleukin-2: A Key Player in Immune Response and Cancer Treatment

    • Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a T-cell growth factor produced exclusively by T-lymphocytes, which plays a central role in immune response.
    • IL-2 acts as a central autocrine growth factor for T-cells, promotes the growth of NK cells, and serves as a growth factor for activated B-lymphocytes.
    • IL-2 production was previously achieved by transformed cell lines, but today, large-scale IL-2 production is achieved by heterologous expression against an E.coli background.
    • Proleukin is the recombinant IL-2 preparation approved for the treatment of certain cancers, despite having some differences from IL-2.
    • Early experiments in the 1980s showed that IL-2-stimulated LAK cells could promote complete tumour regression in 10% of patients suffering from melanoma or renal cancer.
    • IL-2-stimulated cytotoxic T-cells are even more efficacious than LAK cells in promoting tumour regression.
    • Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that are tumour-specific cells, and activation of these TILs by in vitro culturing in the presence of IL-2 promotes tumour regression in >50% of treated patients.
    • Additional cancer types, most notably ovarian and bladder cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia, have shown at least partial responsiveness to IL-2 treatment.
    • IL-2’s ability to stimulate T-cells may render it useful in the treatment of a wide range of intracellular infections.
    • Cyclosporin A, a foremost immunosuppressive agent currently in use, functions by preventing IL-2 synthesis.
    • Alternative approaches to IL-2 targeted immunosuppression include administration of soluble IL-2 receptor, IL-2 variants that fail to initiate signal transduction, and monoclonal antibodies capable of blocking IL-2 binding.
    • IL-2's role in immune response and cancer treatment makes it a key player in the development of future therapies.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on Schering Plough's Intron A, a medication approved for multiple indications in over 50 countries. Learn about the producer microbe, E. coli, and the expression vector used to create the interferon gene. Explore the manufacturing facilities and discover more about the history and uses of this important medication.

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