Understanding Philosophy Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What does the word philosophy mean?

  • Love of power
  • Love of wisdom (correct)
  • Pursuit of knowledge
  • Study of morals

    • Cultural dynamics have no impact on the definitions of philosophy.

    False

    Name one school of thought in metaphysics.

    Idealism or Realism

    The basic areas in philosophy include Metaphysics, Epistemology, Axiology, and __________.

    <p>Logic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following philosophers with their viewpoints:

    <p>Karl Marx = Advocated for revolution John Locke = Advocated for the supremacy of monarchy Hegel = Status quo philosopher Thomas Hobbes = Status quo philosopher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors complicates the definition of philosophy?

    <p>Diverse cultural backgrounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Historical antecedents play a role in shaping philosophical principles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason for the lack of a universally accepted definition of philosophy?

    <p>Diverse ideas and opinions from different schools of thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of scientific inquiry?

    <p>Seeking evidence and dealing with facts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the four modes of philosophy?

    <p>Empirical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Science does not regard practical consequences in its strict form.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prescriptive stage of philosophy seeks to analyze the meaning of concepts like freedom and education.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hypothesis?

    <p>A tentative statement or explanation of what is guessed to be the problem and how to solve it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in philosophical inquiry?

    <p>Observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first step in scientific inquiry is the __________ of a problem.

    <p>identification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stage where philosophers reflect on gathered information to arrive at conclusions is called __________.

    <p>Speculative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following steps of scientific inquiry with their descriptions:

    <p>Identification of problem = Recognizing a problem that needs solving Observation = Watching phenomena as they occur Collection of Data = Gathering necessary information Experimentation = Testing hypotheses through practical activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following stages of philosophy with their descriptions:

    <p>Observation = Gathering relevant information Analytic = Careful analysis of words and meanings Speculative = Reflecting on information to conclude Prescriptive = Setting standards for judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a discipline considered part of science?

    <p>Literature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does analytic philosophy primarily focus on?

    <p>Meaning of words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Scientific inquiry involves formulating laws or theories after experimentation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Philosophizing is a process solely based on memorizing established philosophical theories.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a hypothesis in scientific research?

    <p>To inform, guide, and direct the scientist's actions towards solving the problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of prescriptive philosophy, what is meant by 'normative role'?

    <p>It refers to setting standards for judging values and conduct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Jacques Maritaan, philosophy studies which of the following?

    <p>First causes or highest principles of all things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Philosophy is solely about asserting beliefs without skepticism or criticism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is referred to as the father of Western philosophy?

    <p>Socrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Philosophy is often described as the __ of knowledge.

    <p>love</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the philosophers with their contributions to the definition of philosophy:

    <p>Plato = Search for an ideal life Aristotle = Knowledge of truth William James = Habit of mind D.O'Conoor = Criticizing and clarifying beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the central task of philosophy?

    <p>To explain, clarify, and delineate logical and semantic implications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Socrates accepted the escape plan offered by his friends while in prison.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Nwala (1981) emphasize as a characteristic of philosophy?

    <p>Criticism and skepticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when a theory has been universally confirmed?

    <p>Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Philosophy exclusively focuses on subjects within the realm of science.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does philosophy provide in terms of understanding complex issues?

    <p>Guided outlook on life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Philosophy enables man to perceive the inter-relationship of __________.

    <p>phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of philosophy?

    <p>Providing scientific data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Philosophy deals with the basic nature of man and his duties to society.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one area of knowledge that philosophy does not delve into.

    <p>None</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant role does philosophy play in the understanding of societal values?

    <p>It aids in determining societal values, development, and progress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Philosophy contributes to societal development by encouraging the use of logic to clarify assumptions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did philosophy stop the idea of using as explanatory devices for phenomena?

    <p>gods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Philosophy is often seen as ________ by those who do not understand its relevance.

    <p>abstract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the contributions of philosophy with their descriptions:

    <p>Determining societal values = Helps in understanding what is important to a community Clarifying thought = Uses logic to clear biases and contradictions Aiding policymakers = Provides insight into the true nature of societal problems Influencing movements = Shapes religious, social, and political ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Socratic dictum emphasizes the importance of what in life?

    <p>Examining one's life and beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Philosophy has no relevance to present-day social movements.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does philosophy help man to avoid in terms of thinking?

    <p>contradictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Conceptual Clarification

    • Philosophy is derived from Greek "philo-sophia," meaning "love of wisdom" (knowledge).
    • Defining philosophy consistently is difficult due to factors like diverse cultural norms, historical contexts (pre- and post-independence eras), and differing philosophical viewpoints (idealism vs. realism).
    • Definitions of philosophy vary based on the experiences and cultural values of different philosophers.

    Cognate Perspectives

    • Different philosophical approaches (metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, logic) affect the overall definition.
    • Individual philosophers have varying aims (peace, revolution, status quo).
    • Philosophers' perspectives and goals influence the definition of philosophy.

    Conceptualization of Philosophy

    • Philosophy is not bound by specific disciplines (engineering, law, etc.).
    • "Philosophia" (love of wisdom) implies comprehensive knowledge as possessed by gods - not achievable by humans.
    • Wisdom is understanding first causes of things.
    • Wisdom is drawing conclusions from experience for wise decisions.

    Philosophy Defined

    • Philosophy involves a rational search for answers to existential questions.
    • It's concerned with the ultimate meaning of reality, human existence, and the universe.
    • Philosophy considers different perspectives on life and existence.

    Modes of Philosophy

    • Observation: Initiating philosophical inquiry through meticulous observation of phenomena.
    • Analytic: Breaking down concepts and ideas to dissect meaning.
    • Speculative: Exploring different perspectives and ideas through extensive reflection.
    • Prescriptive: Establishing guides or principles for ethical judgment and action.

    Scientific Form of Inquiry

    • Science is rooted in curiosity about the unknown.
    • Science seeks knowledge concerning facts and natural phenomena.
    • Science seeks objective and universally applicable knowledge.

    Functions of Philosophy

    • Providing comprehensive interpretations of events and human experiences.
    • Guiding individuals on life contexts.
    • Examining the totality of human existence and experience.
    • Providing context for understanding beliefs, behavior and the universe.
    • Understanding the coherence of the universe.
    • Understanding the roles and responsibilities of individuals and institutions in society.
    • Establishing principles for ethical decisions and judgments.
    • Avoiding biases and assumptions in knowledge acquisition.

    Contributions to Societal Development

    • Philosophy challenges traditional explanations.
    • It prompts critical thinking about societal values and progress.
    • It clarifies the nature of mankind and society.
    • Philosophy guides how societies are organized.
    • Philosophy can help societies understand history and shape the present.

    Review Questions

    • Questions to test understanding of the provided material.

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    Related Documents

    Lecture Note GST 112 (2023) PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of philosophy, including its definition, historical context, and various philosophical approaches. It examines how different cultural norms and personal experiences shape the understanding of philosophy. Engage with questions that challenge your grasp of philosophical ideas and perspectives.

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