Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of pathology?
What is the primary focus of pathology?
- The development of new surgical techniques.
- The scientific study of disease. (correct)
- The study of normal biological processes.
- The treatment of healthy individuals.
Which of the following best describes the aim of pathology?
Which of the following best describes the aim of pathology?
- Prevention of disease transmission
- Promotion of public health
- Diagnosis of disease (correct)
- Development of new medications
What does the term 'etiology' refer to in the context of studying a disease?
What does the term 'etiology' refer to in the context of studying a disease?
- The causes of the disease. (correct)
- The evolution or mechanism of disease formation.
- The nature of the disease.
- The future prediction of the disease.
Which aspect of disease study involves predicting the future course and outcome of the condition?
Which aspect of disease study involves predicting the future course and outcome of the condition?
What are 'complications' in the context of a disease?
What are 'complications' in the context of a disease?
What is the purpose of performing a biopsy?
What is the purpose of performing a biopsy?
What is an autopsy primarily used for?
What is an autopsy primarily used for?
Which of the following is classified as an acquired disease?
Which of the following is classified as an acquired disease?
What is the significance of 'predisposing factors' in the etiology of a disease?
What is the significance of 'predisposing factors' in the etiology of a disease?
Which of the following is an example of an 'exciting factor' in disease etiology?
Which of the following is an example of an 'exciting factor' in disease etiology?
What is the term used to describe structural changes occurring in tissue as a result of disease?
What is the term used to describe structural changes occurring in tissue as a result of disease?
In the context of disease, what does 'pathogenesis' describe?
In the context of disease, what does 'pathogenesis' describe?
What does 'morphology' refer to in pathology?
What does 'morphology' refer to in pathology?
Which of the following best describes 'gross picture' in morphological examination?
Which of the following best describes 'gross picture' in morphological examination?
Fate & Prognosis: Is the Prediction of the ______ of the disease?
Fate & Prognosis: Is the Prediction of the ______ of the disease?
What is the primary purpose of fixation in surgical pathology?
What is the primary purpose of fixation in surgical pathology?
What is the most common fixative fluid used in surgical pathology?
What is the most common fixative fluid used in surgical pathology?
Which of the following is NOT an importance of fixation?
Which of the following is NOT an importance of fixation?
What does the practice of surgical pathology mandatory for?
What does the practice of surgical pathology mandatory for?
What type of biopsy involves surgical resection of the entire lesion?
What type of biopsy involves surgical resection of the entire lesion?
What is the primary goal of an incision biopsy?
What is the primary goal of an incision biopsy?
Which type of biopsy uses large-bore needles to obtain a core of tissue?
Which type of biopsy uses large-bore needles to obtain a core of tissue?
What is the main purpose of intraoperative consultation in surgical pathology?
What is the main purpose of intraoperative consultation in surgical pathology?
Which method is commonly used during intraoperative consultations to prepare histologic slides quickly?
Which method is commonly used during intraoperative consultations to prepare histologic slides quickly?
What is the primary difference between general and systemic pathology?
What is the primary difference between general and systemic pathology?
Which of the following techniques is best suited for visualizing specific protein markers in tissue samples?
Which of the following techniques is best suited for visualizing specific protein markers in tissue samples?
What would be the most appropriate method to visualize the ultra-structural details of cellular organelles?
What would be the most appropriate method to visualize the ultra-structural details of cellular organelles?
Which of the following investigations involves taking part of living tissue or organ for histological examination?
Which of the following investigations involves taking part of living tissue or organ for histological examination?
Which of the following investigations involves taking part of dead body or cadaver for histological examination.
Which of the following investigations involves taking part of dead body or cadaver for histological examination.
Defective fetal development in the uterus is which type of Exciting factor?
Defective fetal development in the uterus is which type of Exciting factor?
Decreased body defense (favors infection) is a type of which factors?
Decreased body defense (favors infection) is a type of which factors?
The mechanisms by which the causative agents produce the pathological changes in the tissues is best know as?
The mechanisms by which the causative agents produce the pathological changes in the tissues is best know as?
Normal $\rightarrow$ Abnormal $\rightarrow$ Treat. Is a study of?
Normal $\rightarrow$ Abnormal $\rightarrow$ Treat. Is a study of?
What is the application of frozen section technique?
What is the application of frozen section technique?
What is meant by complications?
What is meant by complications?
What is meant by Prognosis?
What is meant by Prognosis?
Which of the following is a Congenital & Hereditary disease?
Which of the following is a Congenital & Hereditary disease?
Which type of microscope is used to visualize Immunohistochemistry?
Which type of microscope is used to visualize Immunohistochemistry?
What is the best definition of Pathology:
What is the best definition of Pathology:
Is the direct cause of the disease (i.e. cause lesion) is?
Is the direct cause of the disease (i.e. cause lesion) is?
In which step of studying the disease we need to know the structural changes?
In which step of studying the disease we need to know the structural changes?
What fixative is used to minimize the loss of molecular components?
What fixative is used to minimize the loss of molecular components?
Which of the following statement is NOT true about surgical pathology?
Which of the following statement is NOT true about surgical pathology?
A researcher is studying a new disease and wants to understand how the causative agent interacts with host cells at a molecular level. Which area of pathology is most relevant to this investigation?
A researcher is studying a new disease and wants to understand how the causative agent interacts with host cells at a molecular level. Which area of pathology is most relevant to this investigation?
A pathologist notices unusual crystal-like structures within kidney cells during a routine autopsy. To best identify the exact composition and origin of these structures, which advanced microscopic technique would be MOST suitable?
A pathologist notices unusual crystal-like structures within kidney cells during a routine autopsy. To best identify the exact composition and origin of these structures, which advanced microscopic technique would be MOST suitable?
Flashcards
Pathology
Pathology
The scientific study of disease.
Definition (of a disease)
Definition (of a disease)
The nature of the disease.
Etiology
Etiology
The causes of disease.
Pathogenesis
Pathogenesis
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Morphology
Morphology
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Fate and Prognosis
Fate and Prognosis
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Complications
Complications
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Biopsy
Biopsy
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Autopsy
Autopsy
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Congenital Diseases
Congenital Diseases
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Hereditary Diseases
Hereditary Diseases
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Acquired Diseases
Acquired Diseases
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Predisposing Factors
Predisposing Factors
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Exciting Factors
Exciting Factors
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Lesions
Lesions
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Pathogenesis
Pathogenesis
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Morphology
Morphology
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Gross Picture
Gross Picture
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Microscopic Picture
Microscopic Picture
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Fate & Prognosis
Fate & Prognosis
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Complications
Complications
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Fixation
Fixation
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Good fixation
Good fixation
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General Pathology
General Pathology
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Systemic Pathology
Systemic Pathology
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Surgical Pathology
Surgical Pathology
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Diagnosis
Diagnosis
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Determination
Determination
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Follow up
Follow up
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Excision Biopsy
Excision Biopsy
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Incision Biopsy
Incision Biopsy
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True-Cut Biopsy
True-Cut Biopsy
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Intraoperative Consultation
Intraoperative Consultation
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Study Notes
- Pathology is the scientific study of disease and what is abnormal.
- Pathology aims to properly diagnose diseases.
- Pathology considers the progression from normal to abnormal, then treatment.
How to study disease:
- Definition: Understanding the nature of the disease
- Etiology: Identifying the causes, including predisposing and exciting factors
- Pathogenesis: Studying the evolution/mechanism of disease formation
- Morphology: Examining the structural changes (NE & ME)
- Fate & Prognosis: Predicting the future of the disease
- Complications: Recognizing added problems to the disease's natural course
Pathological Investigations
- Biopsy: Involves taking part of a living tissue or organ for histological examination
- Autopsy: Involves taking part of a dead body or cadaver for histological examination
Definition (Nature of the Disease)
- Diseases can be categorized includes congenital and hereditary diseases
- Acquired diseases include inflammation, degeneration, circulatory disturbance, and tumors
Etiology (Causes of Disease)
- Etiology refers to the causes of a disease
Predisposing Factors
- Predisposing factors help in the development of a disease
- Decreased body defense favors infection
- Increased susceptibility can be hereditary
Exciting Factors
-
Exciting factors refer to the direct cause of the disease; the cause lesion
-
Defective fetal development in the uterus can be congenital or hereditary
-
Acquired factors (after birth) can be exogenous (environmental) or endogenous (internal)
-
Lesions are defined as the structural changes occurring in tissue as a result of disease
Pathogenesis
- Pathogenesis details the mechanisms by which causative agents produce pathological changes in tissues.
- Pathogenesis mechanism describes lesion formation
Morphology (Pathological Examination of Lesions)
- Morphology focuses on structural changes in diseased tissues
Gross Examination (Macroscopic Picture)
- Gross examination involves naked eye descriptions of pathological changes
Microscopic Examination (Histological Picture)
- Microscopic examination identifies changes in cells or tissues
Microscopic techniques utilized
- Light microscopy
- Electron microscopy
- Florescent microscopy
- Immunohistological techniques involve antibodies against human cell components
Fate and Prognosis
- Fate & prognosis describes the forecast of the course and termination of a disease
Complications
- Complications refer to additional pathological changes occurring during or after the disease's typical course
- They affects or modify the prognosis of the disease
Surgical Pathology: Fixation
- Materials obtained are immediately placed in fixative fluid, commonly 10% formalin, to prevent autolysis
Importance of Fixation
- Preserves morphology
- Prevents decomposition and autolysis
- Minimizes microbial/fungal growth
- Minimizes loss of molecular components
- Proper fixation is crucial for satisfactory results in histopathology
Learning Pathology
- General pathology involves common changes in all tissue types
- Systemic pathology involves specific changes in organs and systems (general pathology)
Surgical Pathology
- Surgical pathology includes the gross and microscopic examination of surgical specimens, as well as biopsies submitted by clinicians
Surgical pathology is mandatory for:
- Diagnosis: To identify the disease
- Determination of treatment: Including medical, surgical, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy
- Follow up: To assesss the success and effectiveness of therapy
Surgical Pathology Specimens:
- Excision biopsy: A therapeutic surgical removal of the entire lesion.
- Incision biopsy: A surgical removal of part of the lesion.
- True-cut biopsy: A core of tissue obtained by large-bore needles
Surgical Pathology: Intraoperative Consultation
- It involves rapid microscopic examination of fresh tissue for urgent decisions during an operation.
Methods
- Frozen section technique prepares histologic slides
- Imprint cytologic slides.
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