132 Questions
Which of the following is true about pathogens?
They require a mechanism of transfer from one host to another
What is a carrier?
An infected individual who does not display symptoms
What is a fomite?
An inanimate object that becomes contaminated by pathogens
Which of the following is an example of vehicle transmission?
Transmission through contaminated food or water
What is the difference between horizontal and vertical transmission?
Horizontal transmission occurs between individuals of the same generation, while vertical transmission occurs between different generations
What is the main vector responsible for biological transmission?
Arthropods
What is the difference between mechanical and biological vectors?
Mechanical vectors do not reproduce the pathogen, while biological vectors do
What is the difference between direct and indirect contact transmission?
Direct contact transmission occurs through physical contact, while indirect contact transmission occurs through airborne particles
What is a zoonotic disease?
A disease that involves humans acting as reservoirs of animal disease
What is the difference between passive and active carriers?
Passive carriers do not display symptoms, while active carriers do
What is airborne transmission?
Transmission through dust and fine particles carrying pathogens
What is a reservoir?
A living host or nonliving site that allows pathogens to survive and transmit
Which of the following is true about pathogens?
They require a mechanism of transfer from one host to another
What is a carrier?
An infected individual who does not display symptoms
What is a fomite?
An inanimate object that becomes contaminated by pathogens
Which of the following is an example of vehicle transmission?
Transmission through contaminated food or water
What is the difference between horizontal and vertical transmission?
Horizontal transmission occurs between individuals of the same generation, while vertical transmission occurs between different generations
What is the main vector responsible for biological transmission?
Arthropods
What is the difference between mechanical and biological vectors?
Mechanical vectors do not reproduce the pathogen, while biological vectors do
What is the difference between direct and indirect contact transmission?
Direct contact transmission occurs through physical contact, while indirect contact transmission occurs through airborne particles
What is a zoonotic disease?
A disease that involves humans acting as reservoirs of animal disease
What is the difference between passive and active carriers?
Passive carriers do not display symptoms, while active carriers do
What is airborne transmission?
Transmission through dust and fine particles carrying pathogens
What is a reservoir?
A living host or nonliving site that allows pathogens to survive and transmit
Which of the following statements is true about pathogens?
Pathogens require a mechanism of transfer from one host to another.
What is a carrier?
A person who is capable of transmitting a pathogen without displaying symptoms.
What is a fomite?
An inanimate object that becomes contaminated by pathogens.
What is zoonotic disease?
Diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans.
What is vehicle transmission?
Transmission of pathogens through water, food, and air.
What is airborne transmission?
Transmission of pathogens through airborne particles.
What is biological transmission?
Transmission of pathogens through animals.
What is mechanical transmission?
Transmission of pathogens through inanimate objects.
What is a non-arthropod vector of disease?
A mammal that carries a disease from one host to another.
What is horizontal transmission?
Transmission of pathogens through direct contact with an infected person.
What is droplet transmission?
Transmission of pathogens through airborne particles.
What is vertical transmission?
Transmission of pathogens from mother to child.
What is the term for a living organism or nonliving site that can harbor pathogens?
Reservoir
What is the term for an individual capable of transmitting a pathogen without displaying symptoms?
Passive carrier
What is the term for diseases that involve animals acting as reservoirs of human disease and transmitting the infectious agent to humans through direct or indirect contact?
Zoonotic diseases
What is the term for transmission of pathogens through vehicles such as water, food, and air?
Vehicle transmission
What is the term for the transmission of disease through dust and fine particles that carry pathogens?
Airborne transmission
What is the term for transmission of pathogens through inanimate objects that become contaminated by pathogens from an infected individual or reservoir?
Indirect contact transmission
What is the term for transmission of pathogens through direct contact with an infected individual or their bodily fluids?
Horizontal transmission
What is the term for transmission of pathogens through droplets expelled from an infected individual's respiratory tract?
Droplet transmission
What is the term for an animal that carries the disease from one host to another without being infected itself?
Mechanical vector
What is the term for transmission of pathogens through arthropods that transmit the pathogen from one host to another?
Biological transmission
What is the term for an animal that carries the disease from one host to another and also serves as a host for the pathogen to reproduce?
Biological vector
What is the term for non-arthropod vectors of disease, including mammals and birds?
Biological vectors
What is the term for an individual capable of transmitting a pathogen without displaying symptoms?
Asymptomatic carrier
What is the term for the transmission of pathogens through water, food, or air?
Vehicle transmission
Which type of contact transmission involves droplets of respiratory secretions that are expelled when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes?
Droplet transmission
What is the term for fine particles that can carry pathogens and facilitate the airborne transmission of disease?
Aerosols
What is the term for diseases that involve animals acting as reservoirs of human disease and transmitting the infectious agent to humans through direct or indirect contact?
Zoonotic diseases
Which type of transmission involves inanimate objects that become contaminated by pathogens from an infected individual or reservoir?
Indirect contact transmission
What is the term for a living organism or nonliving site that can harbor a pathogen and allow it to survive for varying periods of time?
Reservoir
Which type of transmission involves an animal that carries the disease from one host to another?
Vector-borne transmission
What is the term for a carrier who is infected with a pathogen and displays symptoms of the disease?
Symptomatic carrier
Which type of transmission occurs when the pathogen reproduces within a biological vector that transmits the pathogen from one host to another?
Biological transmission
Which type of contact transmission involves skin-to-skin contact, sexual contact, or contact with bodily fluids?
Direct contact transmission
What is the term for a carrier who is infected with a pathogen but has not yet developed symptoms?
Carrier with incubation period
What is the difference between vehicle transmission and airborne transmission?
Vehicle transmission involves the transmission of pathogens through inanimate objects, while airborne transmission occurs when dust and fine particles carry pathogens.
What is the difference between biological transmission and mechanical transmission?
Biological transmission occurs when the pathogen reproduces within a biological vector, while mechanical transmission occurs when an animal carries the disease from one host to another.
What is the difference between a passive and an active carrier?
A passive carrier is asymptomatic, while an active carrier displays symptoms of the disease.
What is a fomite?
An inanimate object that becomes contaminated by pathogens from an infected individual or reservoir.
What is a zoonotic disease?
A disease that involves animals acting as reservoirs of human disease and transmitting the infectious agent to humans through direct or indirect contact.
What is the difference between horizontal and vertical transmission?
Horizontal transmission occurs between individuals of the same generation, while vertical transmission occurs from parent to offspring.
What is a reservoir?
A living organism or nonliving site that serves as a source of infection for a pathogen.
What is arthropod?
A group of invertebrate animals with jointed limbs and a hard exoskeleton.
What is dust?
Fine particles that can carry pathogens and facilitate the airborne transmission of disease.
What is droplet transmission?
A mechanism of transmission that involves the transmission of pathogens through respiratory droplets.
What is a vector?
An organism that carries and transmits a pathogen from one host to another.
What is a healthcare-associated infection?
An infection acquired in a healthcare setting.
What is the term used to describe an individual capable of transmitting a pathogen without displaying symptoms?
Carrier
What is the term used to describe the transmission of pathogens through vehicles such as water, food, and air?
Vehicle transmission
What is the term used to describe the transmission of disease by an animal that carries the disease from one host to another?
Vector transmission
What is the term used to describe inanimate objects that become contaminated by pathogens from an infected individual or reservoir?
Fomites
Which of the following is an example of a non-arthropod vector of disease?
Rats
What is the term used to describe the transmission of disease through dust and fine particles?
Airborne transmission
What is the term used to describe the transmission of disease from animals to humans?
Zoonotic transmission
What is the term used to describe the transmission of disease through direct physical contact?
Contact transmission
What is the term used to describe the transmission of disease through an inanimate object?
Indirect contact transmission
What is the term used to describe a living organism or nonliving site that pathogens require to survive?
Reservoir
What is the term used to describe the transmission of disease through droplets expelled from an infected individual?
Droplet transmission
What is the term used to describe the transmission of disease through the reproduction of a pathogen within a biological vector?
Biological transmission
What is the definition of a carrier in the context of pathogen transmission?
An individual who is infected with a pathogen but does not display symptoms of the disease
What is the difference between direct and indirect contact transmission?
Direct contact transmission involves physical contact with an infected individual, while indirect contact transmission involves inanimate objects
What is vehicle transmission?
The transmission of pathogens through vehicles such as water, food, and air
What is the main vector responsible for biological transmission?
Arthropods
What is the difference between mechanical and biological vectors?
Mechanical vectors transmit pathogens through physical contact, while biological vectors transmit pathogens through reproduction within the vector
What is the definition of a fomite?
An inanimate object that becomes contaminated by pathogens from an infected individual or reservoir
What is the definition of a zoonotic disease?
A disease that involves animals acting as reservoirs of human disease and transmitting the infectious agent to humans
What is the definition of biological transmission?
The transmission of pathogens through reproduction within a biological vector that transmits the pathogen from one host to another
What is the definition of airborne transmission?
The transmission of pathogens through dust and fine particles that carry the pathogen
What is the definition of a reservoir in the context of pathogen transmission?
A living organism or nonliving site that allows pathogens to survive and transfer from one host to another
What is the definition of contact transmission?
The transmission of pathogens through physical contact with an infected individual
What is the definition of a biological vector in the context of pathogen transmission?
A living organism that acts as a carrier of a pathogen
What is the term for an individual capable of transmitting a pathogen without displaying symptoms?
Asymptomatic carrier
What is the term for the transmission of pathogens through vehicles such as water, food, and air?
Vehicle transmission
Which of the following is an example of indirect contact transmission?
Fomite transmission
What is the term for the transmission of disease by a mechanical or biological vector, an animal that carries the disease from one host to another?
Biological transmission
What is the term for dust and fine particles that can carry pathogens and facilitate the airborne transmission of disease?
Aerosols
What is the term for living organisms or nonliving sites that pathogens require to survive and must have a mechanism of transfer from one host to another?
Reservoirs
Which of the following is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections?
Vehicle transmission
What is the term for diseases that involve animals acting as reservoirs of human disease and transmitting the infectious agent to humans through direct or indirect contact?
Zoonotic diseases
What is the term for the transmission of pathogens through direct or indirect contact, with the former being categorized as vertical, horizontal, or droplet transmission?
Contact transmission
What is the term for an animal that carries the disease from one host to another?
Vector
What is the term for the transmission of pathogens through inanimate objects called fomites that become contaminated by pathogens from an infected individual or reservoir?
Indirect contact transmission
What is the term for an individual capable of transmitting a pathogen without displaying symptoms, but later develops symptoms of the disease?
Symptomatic carrier
What is the term used to describe the ability of a pathogen to survive for varying periods of time in nonliving environments?
Dormancy
What is the term used to describe the transmission of pathogens through water, food, and air?
Vehicle transmission
What is the term used to describe the transmission of disease by an animal that carries the disease from one host to another?
Biological vector
What is the term used to describe the transmission of pathogens through inanimate objects that become contaminated by pathogens from an infected individual or reservoir?
Indirect contact transmission
What is the term used to describe an individual capable of transmitting a pathogen without displaying symptoms?
Carrier
What is the term used to describe the transmission of pathogens through dust and fine particles that carry pathogens and facilitate the airborne transmission of disease?
Airborne transmission
What is the term used to describe diseases that involve animals acting as reservoirs of human disease and transmitting the infectious agent to humans through direct or indirect contact?
Zoonotic diseases
What is the term used to describe the transmission of pathogens through direct contact, such as skin-to-skin contact or sexual contact?
Horizontal transmission
What is the term used to describe the transmission of pathogens through droplets that are generated when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes?
Droplet transmission
What is the term used to describe the transmission of pathogens through an inanimate object that has been contaminated with pathogens from an infected person or reservoir?
Indirect contact transmission
What is the term used to describe the transmission of pathogens through an animal that carries the disease from one host to another without the pathogen reproducing within the animal?
Mechanical vector
What is the term used to describe the transmission of pathogens through an animal that carries the disease from one host to another after the pathogen reproduces within the animal?
Biological vector
What is the difference between mechanical and biological transmission?
Mechanical transmission occurs when the pathogen reproduces within a biological vector that transmits the pathogen from one host to another, while biological transmission involves an animal that carries the disease from one host to another
What is the difference between horizontal and vertical transmission?
Horizontal transmission occurs between individuals of the same species, while vertical transmission occurs between generations
What is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections?
Vehicle transmission
What is a fomite?
An inanimate object that can transmit pathogens
What is an arthropod?
An invertebrate animal with an exoskeleton, segmented body, and jointed appendages
What is a zoonotic disease?
A disease that is transmitted from animals to humans
What is the difference between direct and indirect contact transmission?
Direct contact transmission occurs through physical contact with an infected individual or their bodily fluids, while indirect contact transmission occurs through contact with a contaminated object or surface
What is an example of airborne transmission?
Dust and fine particles carrying pathogens
What is a biological vector?
An animal that carries the disease from one host to another and allows the pathogen to reproduce within its body
What is a passive carrier?
An individual capable of transmitting a pathogen without displaying symptoms
What is a reservoir?
A living organism or nonliving site that provides a pathogen with the conditions necessary to survive
What is vertical transmission?
The transmission of infection from a parent to their offspring
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