Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of attack is primarily facilitated by users creating passwords from dictionary words?
What type of attack is primarily facilitated by users creating passwords from dictionary words?
- Hybrid attack
- Mask attack
- Dictionary attack (correct)
- Brute force
Which attack method is recognized as the last resort in cracking a stolen password digest file?
Which attack method is recognized as the last resort in cracking a stolen password digest file?
- Dictionary attack
- Hybrid attack
- Rule list attack
- Brute force attack (correct)
Which of the following should definitely NOT be stored in a secure password database?
Which of the following should definitely NOT be stored in a secure password database?
- Plaintext password (correct)
- Salt
- Password digest
- Iterations
Which type of password is driven by specific events and can be considered time-based?
Which type of password is driven by specific events and can be considered time-based?
What feature allows cryptographic proof that a user possesses a specific device model during authentication?
What feature allows cryptographic proof that a user possesses a specific device model during authentication?
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a form of multi-factor authentication (MFA) using a smartphone?
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a form of multi-factor authentication (MFA) using a smartphone?
Which statement about dictionary attacks is true?
Which statement about dictionary attacks is true?
Which attack method is explicitly designed to use a fixed format for generating password guesses?
Which attack method is explicitly designed to use a fixed format for generating password guesses?
Which of the following describes the primary technique behind dictionary attacks?
Which of the following describes the primary technique behind dictionary attacks?
What is the characteristic of a password that should make it unfit for storage in a secure password database?
What is the characteristic of a password that should make it unfit for storage in a secure password database?
When discussing various password attack strategies, which method is primarily used as a fallback when others fail?
When discussing various password attack strategies, which method is primarily used as a fallback when others fail?
Which component is essential for establishing the uniqueness of a hashed password in a database?
Which component is essential for establishing the uniqueness of a hashed password in a database?
Which one-time password mechanism is designed to generate codes based on events occurring?
Which one-time password mechanism is designed to generate codes based on events occurring?
What type of authentication is characterized by the cryptographic proof of device ownership?
What type of authentication is characterized by the cryptographic proof of device ownership?
Which of the following practices can undermine multi-factor authentication security on a smartphone?
Which of the following practices can undermine multi-factor authentication security on a smartphone?
Which attack does NOT benefit from utilizing pregenerated rules for accelerating password cracking?
Which attack does NOT benefit from utilizing pregenerated rules for accelerating password cracking?
Which element is constantly critical when devising secure password hashes?
Which element is constantly critical when devising secure password hashes?
Which of the following statements regarding hybrid attacks is inaccurate?
Which of the following statements regarding hybrid attacks is inaccurate?
What potential weakness of RSA is highlighted by the increasing power of computers?
What potential weakness of RSA is highlighted by the increasing power of computers?
Which symmetric cryptographic algorithm is currently considered the strongest?
Which symmetric cryptographic algorithm is currently considered the strongest?
When Bob wants to send a secure message to Alice via asymmetric encryption, which key should he use for encryption?
When Bob wants to send a secure message to Alice via asymmetric encryption, which key should he use for encryption?
Which verification ability is NOT provided by a digital signature?
Which verification ability is NOT provided by a digital signature?
Which statement regarding RSA's method of producing a digest is accurate?
Which statement regarding RSA's method of producing a digest is accurate?
Which option is recognized as a method for quickly sharing cyberthreat indicators?
Which option is recognized as a method for quickly sharing cyberthreat indicators?
Which of the following protocols is specifically designed for exchanging cyberthreat intelligence over HTTPS?
Which of the following protocols is specifically designed for exchanging cyberthreat intelligence over HTTPS?
What are two key challenges associated with private information sharing centers?
What are two key challenges associated with private information sharing centers?
Which statement correctly describes a drawback of threat maps?
Which statement correctly describes a drawback of threat maps?
Which of the following is a fictitious application protocol related to cyberthreat intelligence?
Which of the following is a fictitious application protocol related to cyberthreat intelligence?
Which of the following responses addresses challenges related to data sharing during cyber threat intelligence exchanges?
Which of the following responses addresses challenges related to data sharing during cyber threat intelligence exchanges?
What is a characteristic of Structured Threat Information Expression (STIX)?
What is a characteristic of Structured Threat Information Expression (STIX)?
What is one of the major inaccuracies of threat maps?
What is one of the major inaccuracies of threat maps?
When monitoring the dark web, what is a primary reason Luca faced difficulty in finding information?
When monitoring the dark web, what is a primary reason Luca faced difficulty in finding information?
Which statement is true regarding the advancements of UEFI over BIOS?
Which statement is true regarding the advancements of UEFI over BIOS?
What is the purpose of the Measured Boot security mode?
What is the purpose of the Measured Boot security mode?
Which of the following is NOT viewed as an improvement in OS security configurations?
Which of the following is NOT viewed as an improvement in OS security configurations?
In what way do dark web search engines differ from regular search engines?
In what way do dark web search engines differ from regular search engines?
What aspect of UEFI is unrelated to USB 3.0 support?
What aspect of UEFI is unrelated to USB 3.0 support?
Which boot security mode focuses on validating the integrity of boot components?
Which boot security mode focuses on validating the integrity of boot components?
What common misconception might users have about threat maps?
What common misconception might users have about threat maps?
Which of these options is NOT a basic security protection that cryptography can provide?
Which of these options is NOT a basic security protection that cryptography can provide?
Which hash algorithm produces the longest and most secure digest?
Which hash algorithm produces the longest and most secure digest?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a symmetric cryptographic algorithm?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a symmetric cryptographic algorithm?
Which item is not intended to be decrypted and is used solely for comparison?
Which item is not intended to be decrypted and is used solely for comparison?
Which of these statements is NOT a characteristic of a secure hash algorithm?
Which of these statements is NOT a characteristic of a secure hash algorithm?
Which algorithm is known to have vulnerabilities and is considered insecure?
Which algorithm is known to have vulnerabilities and is considered insecure?
Which cryptographic algorithm has a key length limitation that reduces its security?
Which cryptographic algorithm has a key length limitation that reduces its security?
Which of the following is intended for secure data integrity verification but not for decryption?
Which of the following is intended for secure data integrity verification but not for decryption?
Which algorithm is primarily used for data verification rather than encryption?
Which algorithm is primarily used for data verification rather than encryption?
Which term accurately refers to vulnerabilities within a cryptographic algorithm?
Which term accurately refers to vulnerabilities within a cryptographic algorithm?
Which process is used to ensure that a user cannot deny performing a specific action?
Which process is used to ensure that a user cannot deny performing a specific action?
What does steganography primarily achieve?
What does steganography primarily achieve?
Which of the following ciphers involves rotating the alphabet by a fixed number of steps?
Which of the following ciphers involves rotating the alphabet by a fixed number of steps?
Which statement is true about 'security through obscurity'?
Which statement is true about 'security through obscurity'?
What is the most accurate definition of encryption?
What is the most accurate definition of encryption?
Which term refers to the process of converting ciphertext back into plaintext?
Which term refers to the process of converting ciphertext back into plaintext?
What is the primary goal of using cryptography in communication?
What is the primary goal of using cryptography in communication?
What type of cipher is described as a binary operation comparing two bits?
What type of cipher is described as a binary operation comparing two bits?
Which aspect is NOT typically a function of cryptographic algorithms?
Which aspect is NOT typically a function of cryptographic algorithms?
Which term refers to making something obscure or unclear?
Which term refers to making something obscure or unclear?
Which of the following attacks is recognized as the slowest but most exhaustive method for password cracking?
Which of the following attacks is recognized as the slowest but most exhaustive method for password cracking?
Which of the following is NOT a method used for multifactor authentication (MFA) on a smartphone?
Which of the following is NOT a method used for multifactor authentication (MFA) on a smartphone?
Which characteristic should definitely NOT be included in a secure password database?
Which characteristic should definitely NOT be included in a secure password database?
Among the following, which human trait is NOT employed for biometric identification purposes?
Among the following, which human trait is NOT employed for biometric identification purposes?
Which of the following attacks is not reliant on pregenerated rules for cracking passwords?
Which of the following attacks is not reliant on pregenerated rules for cracking passwords?
Which of the following statements about threat maps is accurate?
Which of the following statements about threat maps is accurate?
Which feature distinguishes dark web search engines from regular search engines?
Which feature distinguishes dark web search engines from regular search engines?
Which of the following is not a feature of UEFI compared to BIOS?
Which of the following is not a feature of UEFI compared to BIOS?
Which boot security mode does not validate the boot process?
Which boot security mode does not validate the boot process?
Which OS security configuration should not be considered essential?
Which OS security configuration should not be considered essential?
Which aspect of Measured Boot enhances system security?
Which aspect of Measured Boot enhances system security?
Which of the following challenges is unique to searching the dark web?
Which of the following challenges is unique to searching the dark web?
What advantage does PowerShell provide to attackers in terms of executing commands?
What advantage does PowerShell provide to attackers in terms of executing commands?
Which statement accurately differentiates DoS and DDoS attacks?
Which statement accurately differentiates DoS and DDoS attacks?
Which statement about VBA is NOT true?
Which statement about VBA is NOT true?
Which of the following is NOT a recognized defense against macros in Microsoft products?
Which of the following is NOT a recognized defense against macros in Microsoft products?
Which of the following is a true statement regarding the execution of commands using PowerShell?
Which of the following is a true statement regarding the execution of commands using PowerShell?
In what way do DoS attacks significantly differ from DDoS attacks?
In what way do DoS attacks significantly differ from DDoS attacks?
What is a primary function of VBA within Microsoft applications?
What is a primary function of VBA within Microsoft applications?
Which of the following options describes an incorrect perception about macro security features?
Which of the following options describes an incorrect perception about macro security features?
What is a key characteristic of DDoS attacks compared to DoS attacks?
What is a key characteristic of DDoS attacks compared to DoS attacks?
Which technology should Ilya recommend for an open source federation framework that supports authorization protocols?
Which technology should Ilya recommend for an open source federation framework that supports authorization protocols?
What is the main advantage of using key stretching in password security?
What is the main advantage of using key stretching in password security?
Which of the following statements is true regarding common reasons users create weak passwords?
Which of the following statements is true regarding common reasons users create weak passwords?
Which feature differentiates key stretching from other password security methods?
Which feature differentiates key stretching from other password security methods?
What does a password cracker primarily rely on to succeed in its function?
What does a password cracker primarily rely on to succeed in its function?
How does the use of salts enhance password security?
How does the use of salts enhance password security?
Why is it risky to create passwords based primarily on personal information?
Why is it risky to create passwords based primarily on personal information?
What is the main reason behind the ineffectiveness of NTLM compared to modern authentication methods?
What is the main reason behind the ineffectiveness of NTLM compared to modern authentication methods?
What is a misconception about the length and complexity of strong passwords?
What is a misconception about the length and complexity of strong passwords?
In password management, which element is crucial for achieving a balance between security and user convenience?
In password management, which element is crucial for achieving a balance between security and user convenience?
What is the primary purpose of a high-interaction honeypot?
What is the primary purpose of a high-interaction honeypot?
Which DDoS mitigation strategy reroutes traffic to prevent attacks?
Which DDoS mitigation strategy reroutes traffic to prevent attacks?
Which monitoring approach analyzes statistical anomalies against a baseline?
Which monitoring approach analyzes statistical anomalies against a baseline?
What knowledge does a high-interaction honeypot provide about threat actors?
What knowledge does a high-interaction honeypot provide about threat actors?
What characteristic distinguishes a DNS sinkhole from other mitigation methods?
What characteristic distinguishes a DNS sinkhole from other mitigation methods?
Why is behavioral monitoring considered an adaptive approach?
Why is behavioral monitoring considered an adaptive approach?
Which of these options is NOT a goal of high-interaction honeypots?
Which of these options is NOT a goal of high-interaction honeypots?
What is a drawback of solely relying on signature-based monitoring?
What is a drawback of solely relying on signature-based monitoring?
Which term best describes interactions designed to draw insights from attackers?
Which term best describes interactions designed to draw insights from attackers?
In the context of DDoS mitigation, what does a sinkhole primarily enable?
In the context of DDoS mitigation, what does a sinkhole primarily enable?
Which statement accurately describes the function of a cybersecurity threat map?
Which statement accurately describes the function of a cybersecurity threat map?
What is a notable characteristic of the dark web that differentiates it from the regular web?
What is a notable characteristic of the dark web that differentiates it from the regular web?
Which of the following is not a recognized enhancement of UEFI compared to BIOS?
Which of the following is not a recognized enhancement of UEFI compared to BIOS?
Which boot security mode is responsible for sending boot process information to a remote server?
Which boot security mode is responsible for sending boot process information to a remote server?
Which practice is NOT considered an essential OS security configuration?
Which practice is NOT considered an essential OS security configuration?
In what significant way do dark web search engines differ from standard search engines?
In what significant way do dark web search engines differ from standard search engines?
Which statement regarding the limitations of USB 3.0 in relation to UEFI is correct?
Which statement regarding the limitations of USB 3.0 in relation to UEFI is correct?
Which of the following security measures is typically ensured through Secure Boot?
Which of the following security measures is typically ensured through Secure Boot?
What is the process that hides the existence of information in files like images or audio?
What is the process that hides the existence of information in files like images or audio?
What term describes the ability to prevent a user from fraudulently denying an action they have taken?
What term describes the ability to prevent a user from fraudulently denying an action they have taken?
Which cipher rotates the entire alphabet 13 steps?
Which cipher rotates the entire alphabet 13 steps?
Which statement about 'security through obscurity' is FALSE?
Which statement about 'security through obscurity' is FALSE?
What is the role of integrity in cryptography?
What is the role of integrity in cryptography?
In what way does decryption differ from encryption?
In what way does decryption differ from encryption?
Which term describes making data obscure or unclear within cryptographic processes?
Which term describes making data obscure or unclear within cryptographic processes?
How is a cipher that employs a fixed rotation of letters categorized?
How is a cipher that employs a fixed rotation of letters categorized?
What is the primary function of a host intrusion prevention system (HIPS)?
What is the primary function of a host intrusion prevention system (HIPS)?
Which feature does Windows 10 Tamper Protection offer concerning the registry?
Which feature does Windows 10 Tamper Protection offer concerning the registry?
Which statement is incorrect regarding session cookies?
Which statement is incorrect regarding session cookies?
What function is NOT performed by a host intrusion detection system (HIDS)?
What function is NOT performed by a host intrusion detection system (HIDS)?
What does a secure cookie ensure during transmission?
What does a secure cookie ensure during transmission?
Which of the following describes a feature of a quarantine process?
Which of the following describes a feature of a quarantine process?
Which statement is NOT true regarding the characteristics of Tamper Protection?
Which statement is NOT true regarding the characteristics of Tamper Protection?
What is a primary goal of using secure cookies?
What is a primary goal of using secure cookies?
What is the function of Automated Indicator Sharing (AIS)?
What is the function of Automated Indicator Sharing (AIS)?
Which application protocol allows for the exchange of cyberthreat intelligence over HTTPS?
Which application protocol allows for the exchange of cyberthreat intelligence over HTTPS?
What are two limitations of private information sharing centers?
What are two limitations of private information sharing centers?
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding threat maps?
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding threat maps?
What is the main purpose of Structured Threat Information Expression (STIX)?
What is the main purpose of Structured Threat Information Expression (STIX)?
Which of the following statements accurately identifies a characteristic of TAXII?
Which of the following statements accurately identifies a characteristic of TAXII?
Which aspect does not represent a limitation of private information sharing centers?
Which aspect does not represent a limitation of private information sharing centers?
What type of attack forces a system to abandon a higher cryptographic security mode for a weaker one?
What type of attack forces a system to abandon a higher cryptographic security mode for a weaker one?
Which option outlines a significant characteristic of threat maps?
Which option outlines a significant characteristic of threat maps?
What is referred to as a collision in cryptography?
What is referred to as a collision in cryptography?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Trusted Platform Module (TPM)?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Trusted Platform Module (TPM)?
Which device provides external cryptographic services?
Which device provides external cryptographic services?
Which attack method specifically intercepts communications between a web browser and the OS?
Which attack method specifically intercepts communications between a web browser and the OS?
In the context of cryptographic hashes, what characterizes a collision attack?
In the context of cryptographic hashes, what characterizes a collision attack?
What does a Hashing Algorithm NOT account for in its process?
What does a Hashing Algorithm NOT account for in its process?
What is a drawback of using a TPM over other cryptographic services?
What is a drawback of using a TPM over other cryptographic services?
What makes cognitive biometrics easier for users to remember?
What makes cognitive biometrics easier for users to remember?
Which of the following accurately describes a function of single sign-on (SSO)?
Which of the following accurately describes a function of single sign-on (SSO)?
What is a primary disadvantage of biometric readers?
What is a primary disadvantage of biometric readers?
Which method effectively reduces the time needed to crack a password?
Which method effectively reduces the time needed to crack a password?
What feature is specific to a device model during the manufacturing of a security key?
What feature is specific to a device model during the manufacturing of a security key?
Which of the following is NOT a valid aspect of behavioral biometrics?
Which of the following is NOT a valid aspect of behavioral biometrics?
What is a key characteristic of knowledge-based authentication?
What is a key characteristic of knowledge-based authentication?
Which of the following terms describes a feature that is generally absent for biometric readers?
Which of the following terms describes a feature that is generally absent for biometric readers?
Flashcards
What are dictionary attacks used for?
What are dictionary attacks used for?
Dictionary attacks use words found in a dictionary file to guess a user's password by attempting to match the password digest.
Why is a brute force attack the last resort?
Why is a brute force attack the last resort?
A brute force attack is a last resort in cracking a stolen password digest file because it systematically tries every possible combination of characters until it finds the correct password.
What should NOT be stored in a secure password database?
What should NOT be stored in a secure password database?
Plaintext passwords should never be stored because it makes them vulnerable to attacks like data breaches. Instead, the password should be hashed securely.
Why is SMS text message not a true MFA?
Why is SMS text message not a true MFA?
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What is attestation in security keys?
What is attestation in security keys?
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Which one-time password is event-driven?
Which one-time password is event-driven?
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What is a cryptographic hash function?
What is a cryptographic hash function?
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What is multi-factor authentication (MFA)?
What is multi-factor authentication (MFA)?
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What are dictionary attacks?
What are dictionary attacks?
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Why is brute force the last resort?
Why is brute force the last resort?
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What must not be stored in a password database?
What must not be stored in a password database?
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Why isn't SMS text message true MFA?
Why isn't SMS text message true MFA?
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Which OTP is event-driven?
Which OTP is event-driven?
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What is an overlay attack?
What is an overlay attack?
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What is a salt in cryptography?
What is a salt in cryptography?
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What is Automated Indicator Sharing (AIS)?
What is Automated Indicator Sharing (AIS)?
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What is TAXII?
What is TAXII?
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What are private information sharing centers?
What are private information sharing centers?
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What are the limitations of threat maps?
What are the limitations of threat maps?
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What is STIX?
What is STIX?
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Why is AIS important for cyberthreat information sharing?
Why is AIS important for cyberthreat information sharing?
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RSA's Weakness
RSA's Weakness
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Strongest Symmetric Algorithm
Strongest Symmetric Algorithm
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Encryption with Asymmetric Key
Encryption with Asymmetric Key
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Digital Signature Limitations
Digital Signature Limitations
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ECC: RSA's Solution
ECC: RSA's Solution
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Ciphertext
Ciphertext
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Integrity
Integrity
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Authentication
Authentication
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Hash Algorithm
Hash Algorithm
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Symmetric Cryptographic Algorithm
Symmetric Cryptographic Algorithm
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Digest
Digest
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Asymmetric Cryptographic Algorithm
Asymmetric Cryptographic Algorithm
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Confidentiality
Confidentiality
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Overlay Attack
Overlay Attack
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Salt
Salt
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Quarantine
Quarantine
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Steganography
Steganography
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Nonrepudiation
Nonrepudiation
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ROT13
ROT13
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Security Through Obscurity
Security Through Obscurity
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Encryption
Encryption
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Decryption
Decryption
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Data Hiding
Data Hiding
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Ciphering
Ciphering
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Obfuscation
Obfuscation
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What is a cyberthreat map?
What is a cyberthreat map?
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What makes the dark web different?
What makes the dark web different?
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What is UEFI?
What is UEFI?
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What is Secure Boot?
What is Secure Boot?
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What is Measured Boot?
What is Measured Boot?
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What is Trusted Boot?
What is Trusted Boot?
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What are important OS security configurations?
What are important OS security configurations?
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What is 'least functionality'?
What is 'least functionality'?
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Why should you disable unnecessary services?
Why should you disable unnecessary services?
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What are cybersecurity threat maps?
What are cybersecurity threat maps?
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What makes the dark web unique?
What makes the dark web unique?
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DoS Attack
DoS Attack
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DDoS Attack
DDoS Attack
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VBA Macro
VBA Macro
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Protected View
Protected View
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Trusted Documents
Trusted Documents
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PowerShell Injection
PowerShell Injection
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PowerShell Code Execution
PowerShell Code Execution
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Memory-Based Attacks
Memory-Based Attacks
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Trusted Domain
Trusted Domain
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What is OAuth?
What is OAuth?
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How does key stretching resist password attacks?
How does key stretching resist password attacks?
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How does a password cracker work?
How does a password cracker work?
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What is OpenID?
What is OpenID?
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Why do users create weak passwords?
Why do users create weak passwords?
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What is Shibboleth?
What is Shibboleth?
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What is a brute force attack?
What is a brute force attack?
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What is a password digest?
What is a password digest?
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What is salt in password hashing?
What is salt in password hashing?
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What capabilities do NGFWs offer beyond basic firewalling?
What capabilities do NGFWs offer beyond basic firewalling?
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What is a high-interaction honeypot?
What is a high-interaction honeypot?
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How do DNS sinkholes mitigate DDoS attacks?
How do DNS sinkholes mitigate DDoS attacks?
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What approach to security monitoring focuses on detecting anomalies?
What approach to security monitoring focuses on detecting anomalies?
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How does behavioral monitoring differ from anomaly monitoring?
How does behavioral monitoring differ from anomaly monitoring?
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What is the basis for signature-based monitoring?
What is the basis for signature-based monitoring?
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What is heuristic monitoring?
What is heuristic monitoring?
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What is a honeypot?
What is a honeypot?
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What is a DDoS prevention system?
What is a DDoS prevention system?
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What are DDoS mitigations?
What are DDoS mitigations?
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Why should passwords never be stored in plaintext?
Why should passwords never be stored in plaintext?
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What is a 'salt' in password security?
What is a 'salt' in password security?
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Why is biometric gait analysis not commonly used with smartphones?
Why is biometric gait analysis not commonly used with smartphones?
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What is the dark web?
What is the dark web?
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What is a DoS attack?
What is a DoS attack?
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What is a DDoS attack?
What is a DDoS attack?
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What makes searching the dark web different from regular web searches?
What makes searching the dark web different from regular web searches?
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Which feature is NOT an improvement of UEFI over BIOS?
Which feature is NOT an improvement of UEFI over BIOS?
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What are some important OS security configurations?
What are some important OS security configurations?
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What does 'least functionality' mean?
What does 'least functionality' mean?
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What is a Session Cookie?
What is a Session Cookie?
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What does a HIPS do?
What does a HIPS do?
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What does Windows 10 Tamper Protection do?
What does Windows 10 Tamper Protection do?
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What is the purpose of Quarantine?
What is the purpose of Quarantine?
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What does a HIDS do?
What does a HIDS do?
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Why are password digests important for security?
Why are password digests important for security?
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Can a strong password hash be cracked?
Can a strong password hash be cracked?
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What is a potential weakness of RSA encryption?
What is a potential weakness of RSA encryption?
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Downgrade Attack
Downgrade Attack
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Collision (Cryptographic)
Collision (Cryptographic)
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Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
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Hardware Security Module (HSM)
Hardware Security Module (HSM)
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Man-in-the-Browser (MITB) Attack
Man-in-the-Browser (MITB) Attack
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Denial of Service (DoS) Attack
Denial of Service (DoS) Attack
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Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack
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Biometric Authentication
Biometric Authentication
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Secure Boot
Secure Boot
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Honeypot
Honeypot
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High-Interaction Honeypot
High-Interaction Honeypot
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Anomaly Monitoring
Anomaly Monitoring
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Behavioral Monitoring
Behavioral Monitoring
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Symmetric Cryptography
Symmetric Cryptography
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Study Notes
Dictionary Attacks
- Dictionary attacks use common passwords, often from dictionaries, to crack passwords.
- This method exploits users' tendency to choose weak passwords from easily guessed words, making them successful.
- Dictionary attacks pre-generate lists of common words from dictionaries, making them faster to process.
- These attacks can be successful because users often choose weak or easily guessed passwords.
Password Cracking Attacks
- Brute-force attack: A last-resort, exhaustive attempt to crack a password digest file that tries every possible combination.
- Hybrid, Mask, Rule list attacks: These are not last-resort methods for password cracking.
- Password Spraying attack: Uses one or a few common passwords to try log-ins to various accounts.
Secure Password Databases
- Do not store plaintext passwords: Store passwords as securely hashed digests (e.g., using bcrypt or Argon2).
- Store iterations, salt: These are crucial components of a secure password hashing scheme, increasing the security and time needed for cracking.
- Store the password digest, iterations, and salt in the database.
- Do not expose sensitive data elements: Instead of storing a clear-text representation of user data (e.g., name or Social Security number), use obfuscation or masking methods to protect sensitive information.
- Use tokenization to store sensitive data elements, like account numbers, as randomized strings. Store these tokens in a secure, centralized repository called a token vault.
- Store salt values within the database for password storage.
Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
- MFA on smartphones: Authentication apps, SMS, or automated calls are different MFA methods, using a smartphone.
- Biometric gait analysis: A method of biometrics used for MFA, relying on unique walking patterns.
- Cognitive biometrics: Biometrics that considers the user's perception, thought processes, and understanding for authentication
- Biometric gait analysis & Cognitive biometrics are forms of MFA.
Security Keys
- Attestation: A security key feature providing cryptographic proof of device authenticity; a "burned-in" key pair specific to the device model demonstrating authenticity.
One-Time Passwords (OTPs)
- HOTP (HMAC-based OTP): An event-driven OTP that generates a unique code when an event occurs (like PIN entry).
- TOTP (Time-based OTP): A time-based OTP that changes after a pre-set time interval.
- BPDU Guard: A feature that detects when a BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) is received from an endpoint and protects the network from various attacks.
Firewall Rules
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Firewall rule parameter: "Visibility" is not a firewall rule parameter.
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Firewall rule action: "Force Allow" implicitly denies all other traffic unless explicitly allowed.
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Generic firewall rules: A policy-based firewall allows more generic rules instead of creating individually specific rules.
Virtual Firewalls
- A virtual firewall runs in the cloud.
Network Hardware Security Module (HSM)
- A Hardware Security Module (HSM) is external to the device and provides broad security by combining functions.
Load Balancers
- Load balancers use various features, including: IP address of destination packet, information within a packet, and round-robin distribution
Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS)
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An Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) monitors device activity for malicious activity.
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IDS/IPS functionality: An IPS immediately reacts to block malicious attacks, such as attempts to control other programs, terminate programs, or install devices/drivers.
Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDOS)
- A DNS Sinkhole detects and redirects DDoS traffic to a designated server, protecting other servers.
Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)
- SAML allows secure web domains to exchange user authentication and authorization information, eliminating the need for separate login credentials on each system.
Operational Technology (OT)
- OT attacks target endpoints that can be programmed and have IP addresses.
Authentication Protocols
- Multiple authentication methods: Systems such as Somewhere you are, Something you exhibit and Something you can do can provide authentication, while Something you can find is not.
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Description
This quiz explores various password security techniques, including dictionary attacks, brute-force methods, and multi-factor authentication. Learn the importance of secure password storage and the role of security keys in enhancing security. Test your knowledge on current best practices for protecting passwords.
