Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a tumor primarily composed of?
What is a tumor primarily composed of?
- Dead cells
- Neoplastic cells (correct)
- Healthy cells
- Normal tissue
What is the study of tumors called?
What is the study of tumors called?
- Pathology
- Oncology (correct)
- Histology
- Cytology
Which characteristic is most typical of a benign tumor?
Which characteristic is most typical of a benign tumor?
- Localized growth (correct)
- Distant metastasis
- Rapid, uncontrolled spread
- Invasion of surrounding tissues
Which of the following best describes a benign tumor?
Which of the following best describes a benign tumor?
What does 'well-circumscribed' mean in the context of a benign tumor?
What does 'well-circumscribed' mean in the context of a benign tumor?
What field of medicine focuses on cancer?
What field of medicine focuses on cancer?
Which of the following environmental factors can contribute to genetic mutations leading to cancer?
Which of the following environmental factors can contribute to genetic mutations leading to cancer?
Which lifestyle choice increases the risk of cancer due to its contribution to genetic mutations?
Which lifestyle choice increases the risk of cancer due to its contribution to genetic mutations?
Which of the following is a viral cause of cancer?
Which of the following is a viral cause of cancer?
Which of the following can be described as a cause of genetic mutation?
Which of the following can be described as a cause of genetic mutation?
What promotes the development of cancer by creating mutations in DNA?
What promotes the development of cancer by creating mutations in DNA?
Which of the following is an example of a carcinogen?
Which of the following is an example of a carcinogen?
What is the study of cancer called?
What is the study of cancer called?
What is the primary way that carcinogens lead to cancer?
What is the primary way that carcinogens lead to cancer?
Besides tobacco and alcohol, which of the following can be a carcinogen?
Besides tobacco and alcohol, which of the following can be a carcinogen?
What is the term for changes in the genes that control cell growth and differentiation?
What is the term for changes in the genes that control cell growth and differentiation?
Uncontrolled cell growth is a characteristic of what condition?
Uncontrolled cell growth is a characteristic of what condition?
What is the outcome of mutations in genes that regulate cell division?
What is the outcome of mutations in genes that regulate cell division?
Which process is most directly disrupted by mutations in genes that control cell differentiation?
Which process is most directly disrupted by mutations in genes that control cell differentiation?
In the context of cancer, what does 'uncontrolled growth' refer to?
In the context of cancer, what does 'uncontrolled growth' refer to?
What is the main goal of primary cancer treatment?
What is the main goal of primary cancer treatment?
What is the purpose of adjuvant treatment?
What is the purpose of adjuvant treatment?
Which of the following describes primary treatment?
Which of the following describes primary treatment?
When is adjuvant treatment typically administered?
When is adjuvant treatment typically administered?
What is the ultimate goal of primary and adjuvant treatments combined?
What is the ultimate goal of primary and adjuvant treatments combined?
What is the main goal of neoadjuvant treatment?
What is the main goal of neoadjuvant treatment?
When is palliative treatment typically used?
When is palliative treatment typically used?
Which type of treatment aims to relieve symptoms?
Which type of treatment aims to relieve symptoms?
What benefit does neoadjuvant treatment offer before surgery?
What benefit does neoadjuvant treatment offer before surgery?
What is the primary focus of palliative care when a cure is not possible?
What is the primary focus of palliative care when a cure is not possible?
Flashcards
Tumor
Tumor
A mass formed by a group of neoplastic cells.
Oncology
Oncology
The study and treatment of tumors.
Benign Tumor
Benign Tumor
Localized and well-defined tissue growth.
Localized Growth
Localized Growth
Signup and view all the flashcards
Well-circumscribed
Well-circumscribed
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cancer Mutation
Cancer Mutation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Uncontrolled Cell Growth
Uncontrolled Cell Growth
Signup and view all the flashcards
Uncontrolled Cell Division
Uncontrolled Cell Division
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
Signup and view all the flashcards
Carcinogen
Carcinogen
Signup and view all the flashcards
Tobacco Smoking
Tobacco Smoking
Signup and view all the flashcards
Alcohol
Alcohol
Signup and view all the flashcards
Viruses
Viruses
Signup and view all the flashcards
Environmental Factors & Cancer
Environmental Factors & Cancer
Signup and view all the flashcards
Radiation & Cancer
Radiation & Cancer
Signup and view all the flashcards
Alcohol & Cancer
Alcohol & Cancer
Signup and view all the flashcards
Viruses & Cancer
Viruses & Cancer
Signup and view all the flashcards
Primary Treatment
Primary Treatment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Adjuvant Treatment
Adjuvant Treatment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Treatment
Treatment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Neoplasm
Neoplasm
Signup and view all the flashcards
Neoadjuvant Treatment
Neoadjuvant Treatment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Palliative Treatment
Palliative Treatment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Neoadjuvant Goal
Neoadjuvant Goal
Signup and view all the flashcards
Palliative Care Cases
Palliative Care Cases
Signup and view all the flashcards
Palliative Treatment Aim
Palliative Treatment Aim
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
- Oncology is a sub-speciality of medicine for investigation, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer or suspected cancer.
Neoplasm
- Neoplasm refers to abnormal and excessive tissue growth.
Tumor
- A tumor is a mass formed by a group of neoplastic cells.
Tumor Types
- Benign tumors are localized and well-circumscribed growths.
- Malignant tumors (cancer) involve uncontrollable tissue growth, invading and destroying surrounding tissues, and potentially spreading to distant organs without treatment.
Pathophysiology of Cancer
- Cancer's pathophysiology involves alteration in genes that control cell growth and differentiation.
- This alteration, mutation, leads to uncontrollable growth and division of cells.
- Mutation results in abnormal behaviour of the cell.
Causes of Cancer
- Cancer can be (5-10%) inherited
- Genetic mutations (90%) are influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors.
- Environmental factors include tobacco smoking and obesity.
- Other environmental factors include radiation, lack of physical activity, alcohol, and viruses.
Carcinogens
- Carcinogens are substances that promote cancer development, such as tobacco, alcohol, viruses, and radiation.
- Carcinogens cause mutations in DNA to promote cancer development.
Metastasis
- Metastasis is the process where malignant cells spread beyond the original cancer site.
- Local spread involves cancer cells invading and growing directly into surrounding tissue.
- Lymphatic spread involves cancer cells invading lymphatic vessels, moving through the lymphatic system to regional lymph nodes.
- Hematological spread involves cancer cells invading blood vessels and spreading through the bloodstream to distant organs.
Symptoms of Oncology
- Symptoms include weight loss and fatigue.
- Night sweats and fever are other symptoms.
- Symptoms vary based on the affected organ, such as a cough in lung cancer or blood in stool/feces in colon cancer.
Diagnosis of Oncology
- A definitive cancer diagnosis requires a biopsy.
- A biopsy involves taking a tissue sample from the tumor mass and studying it under a microscope to determine if the tumor is benign or malignant.
Determining the extent of growth of oncology
- Staging assesses the extent of growth and spread of a tumor.
- Staging helps decide the best treatment option.
- Staging provides insights into the extent and outcome (prognosis) of the cancer.
Screening processes for oncology
- Cancer screening identifies patients with cancer who do not have symptoms.
- Early diagnosis identifies patients with cancer who have symptoms but are in earlier stages.
Treatment for oncology
- The best treatment outcomes are achieved through early detection and diagnosis.
Types of oncology treatment
- Primary treatment involves complete removal of cancer from the body.
- Adjuvant treatment is designed to kill any remaining cancerous cells after primary treatment.
- Neoadjuvant treatment is used before starting the primary treatment to shrink or decrease the size of tumor and making the surgery easier.
- Palliative is to relieve symptoms when primary treatment is not possible due to advanced disease.
Options for cancer treatment
- Surgery is performed to remove as much of the cancer as possible.
- Chemotherapy uses cytotoxic drugs to kill cancer cells.
- Radiotherapy uses radiation to kill cancer cells.
- Immunotherapy involves drugs that stimulate the patient's immune system to fight cancer cells.
- Hormonal therapy is used when cancer are affected by hormonal activity in the body and blocks the effect of these hormones from cancer stimulation.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore oncology, focusing on neoplasms and tumors. Learn about benign and malignant tumor types, the pathophysiology of cancer involving genetic mutations, and the primary causes of cancer, including genetic and lifestyle factors.
