Understanding North-South and East-West Traffic Flows
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a storage area network (SAN) in a traditional data center?

  • To manage north-south traffic in the data center
  • To configure edge routers and firewalls
  • To provide a centralized bank of mass storage for individual systems (correct)
  • To monitor east-west traffic between systems
  • What type of traffic is characterized by data moving between systems within the data center?

  • Northbound traffic
  • East-west traffic (correct)
  • Southbound traffic
  • North-south traffic
  • Which of the following devices are involved in north-south traffic?

  • Internal firewalls and storage devices
  • Edge routers, edge firewalls, and load balancers (correct)
  • Internal routers and switches
  • Tape backups and hard drives
  • What is the primary purpose of a boot drive in a data center?

    <p>To boot the operating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of traffic is characterized by data leaving and entering the data center?

    <p>North-south traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following devices are involved in east-west traffic?

    <p>Internal routers, internal firewalls, and switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a hard drive in a traditional data center?

    <p>To store large amounts of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe data moving into and out of the data center?

    <p>North-south traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of a data center in terms of high availability?

    <p>To ensure the right data to the right host at the right time, without ever dropping or failing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the concept of sharing the effort among two or more systems to enable a process to work?

    <p>Load Balancing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a group of servers connected together to appear as a single logical device?

    <p>Clustering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using multipathing in a SAN?

    <p>To provide high availability and redundancy in the SAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a network architecture that uses software-defined networking?

    <p>Spine-and-Leaf Architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of special-purpose load balancers?

    <p>To apportion the work among multiple servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the concept of providing critical systems with high availability and redundancy?

    <p>High Availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using clustering in a data center?

    <p>To provide high availability and redundancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a central location in a growing organization?

    <p>To contain an organization's single data center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of branch offices in a growing organization?

    <p>They store very little data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between traditional data centers and modern data centers?

    <p>The use of virtualization and software-defined networking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a server in a modern data center?

    <p>To serve as a hypervisor, running multiple virtual servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of software-defined networking in a modern data center?

    <p>Far more flexible and powerful data center architectures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of monolithic devices in traditional data centers?

    <p>They are designed to perform a single job</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between on-premises data centers and colocation data centers?

    <p>The location of the data center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration for organizations with branch offices and a central data center?

    <p>Ensuring remote connections to the central data center are secure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a physical network diagram?

    <p>To map out the physical aspects of the data center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the wiring room in a data center?

    <p>To serve as the wiring focal point for all devices on that floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the network operations center (NOC)?

    <p>To maintain the applications and systems housed in the data center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the area in the server farm where heat can be dissipated away from the servers?

    <p>Hot aisle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the air conditioning units in a data center?

    <p>To pump cold air into the cold aisles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the documentation that includes the dimensions and locations of rooms, racks, and other components in a data center?

    <p>Floor plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the raised floor in a data center?

    <p>To conceal the cabling and wiring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tool used to create physical network diagrams?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the MDF in the data center?

    <p>To enable connection to the outside world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the detailed rack diagram for each rack?

    <p>The location and make and model of each component, along with other documentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the rack diagram in Figure 16-15?

    <p>To document the components and their details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the MDF and IDF?

    <p>MDF provides connectivity to the outside world, while IDF provides network connectivity within each floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the logical network diagrams?

    <p>To show the connectivity among devices in the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the MDF documentation?

    <p>The rack layout and connections, as well as the demarc connection and patch panels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the upper-level floor plan?

    <p>To show the telecommunications room and main distribution frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of documentation accompanies the MDF racks?

    <p>Further documentation that includes firmware versions, service and upgrade records, and more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Data Center Traffic Flows

    • North-South traffic: data moving into and out of the data center
    • Northbound traffic: leaves the data center
    • Southbound traffic: enters the data center
    • Network devices involved in north-south traffic: edge routers, edge firewalls, and load balancers
    • East-West traffic: data moving between systems within the data center
    • Network devices involved in east-west traffic: internal routers, internal firewalls, and switches

    Data Storage

    • Data storage: where data rests in a data center
    • Mass storage devices: hard drives, tape backups, and solid-state drives (SSDs)
    • Storage area network (SAN): connects individual systems to a centralized bank of mass storage

    The Modern Data Center

    • Introduction of virtualization and software-defined networking changed the data center
    • Virtualization: physical servers running multiple virtual servers
    • Software-defined networking (SDN): interconnections that once used dedicated switches
    • High availability (HA) in the data center: ensuring critical systems have high availability

    High Availability

    • Load balancing: sharing effort among multiple systems to enable a process to work
    • Redundancy: ensuring critical systems have multiple components
    • Facilities and infrastructure support: providing reliable power, cooling, and connectivity

    Physical Network Diagrams

    • Physical network diagrams: map out physical aspects of the data center
    • Tools used for layout: Microsoft Visio, Wondershare Edraw, and diagrams.net
    • Floor plans: include dimensions and locations of rooms, racks, hot and cold aisles, and more
    • Rack diagrams: detailed diagrams of each rack with component information
    • MDF/IDF documentation: detailed documentation of main distribution frame and intermediate distribution frames

    Logical Network Diagrams

    • Logical network diagrams: show the connectivity among devices in the network
    • Essential network documentation: includes logical network diagrams, line drawings, and more

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    Description

    Learn about the different types of traffic flows in a data center, including north-south traffic that moves into and out of the center, and east-west traffic that moves within the center.

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