Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of a protocol in network communication?
What is the purpose of a protocol in network communication?
- To agree on the method of communication between parties (correct)
- To perform error checks on the data packets
- To provide a physical connection between two devices
- To designate a specific hardware device for communication
What is meant by a protocol stack?
What is meant by a protocol stack?
- A security feature for network communication
- A list of protocols used in a system, one per layer (correct)
- An electronic device that stores data packets
- A type of physical connection used in networking
Which statement accurately describes connection-oriented service?
Which statement accurately describes connection-oriented service?
- It uses intermediate nodes without addressing messages
- It guarantees reliable delivery and data acknowledgment (correct)
- It is synonymous with store-and-forward switching
- Messages are sent without prior setup or connection
Which of the following is NOT a design issue for protocol layers?
Which of the following is NOT a design issue for protocol layers?
In connectionless service, how is each message routed within the system?
In connectionless service, how is each message routed within the system?
What is a characteristic of reliable services in network communication?
What is a characteristic of reliable services in network communication?
Which method is NOT associated with connection-oriented service?
Which method is NOT associated with connection-oriented service?
What is the primary overhead introduced by reliable connection-oriented services?
What is the primary overhead introduced by reliable connection-oriented services?
Flashcards
Protocol Hierarchy
Protocol Hierarchy
A list of protocols used by a system, one per layer, demonstrating how communication happens layer by layer.
Connection-Oriented Service
Connection-Oriented Service
A service where a dedicated communication path (connection) is established before data transfer begins, like a phone call.
Connectionless Service
Connectionless Service
A service where each message carries its own destination address, routed independently, like a letter in the postal system.
Protocol
Protocol
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Peer Entities
Peer Entities
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Reliable Service
Reliable Service
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Addressing or naming
Addressing or naming
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Error Control
Error Control
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Flow Control
Flow Control
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Congestion
Congestion
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Statistical Multiplexing
Statistical Multiplexing
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Routing
Routing
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Scalability
Scalability
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QoS (Quality of Service)
QoS (Quality of Service)
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Study Notes
Network Software Architecture and its Layers and Protocols
- Network software architecture uses layers and protocols
- Protocol hierarchies are essential for network communication
- Design issues for network layers include addressing, error control, flow control (congestion), statistical multiplexing, routing, scalability, QoS (real-time), reliability, and security
- Connection-oriented and connectionless services exist
- A circuit is a connection with resources like fixed bandwidth (modeled on phone networks)
- Connectionless service models the postal system; each message has a destination address and is routed independently
- Reliability distinguishes services; reliable services (like message sequences and byte streams) prevent data loss through acknowledgment mechanisms. Unreliable services (like datagram service) do not acknowledge
- Six service types exist: reliable message stream, reliable byte stream, unreliable connection, unreliable datagram, acknowledged datagram, and request-reply
- Service primitives (LISTEN, CONNECT, RECEIVE, SEND, DISCONNECT) manage connection-oriented communication
- The client-server interaction involves specific steps for requests and replies
- A protocol is an agreement for communication between entities
- Entities (peers) at corresponding layers in different machines communicate using protocols
- A protocol stack lists all the protocols used in a system, one per layer
- The philosopher-translator-secretary architecture illustrates the interaction between different parties, translating between different languages
- An example of information flow in layer 5 is shown in a diagram
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