Understanding Natural Killer Cells
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Questions and Answers

How do Natural Killer (NK) cells induce apoptosis in infected cells?

  • By expressing the fas ligand or releasing perforins and granzymes (correct)
  • By secreting antibodies
  • By activating the infected cell
  • By engulfing the infected cell
  • What is the role of the fas ligand in NK cell-induced apoptosis?

  • Binding to the fas molecule on the infected cell to trigger apoptotic signals (correct)
  • Enhancing cell survival
  • Blocking the immune response
  • Inhibiting virus replication
  • How do perforins contribute to NK cell-induced apoptosis?

  • Activating virus replication
  • Preventing apoptosis
  • Deactivating NK cells
  • Forming pores in the membranes of infected cells (correct)
  • Why are the mechanisms of NK cells particularly effective against virally infected cells?

    <p>Because they prevent virus replication within the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if apoptosis is induced in an infected cell before the virus completes its replication process?

    <p>No infectious virus will be released from the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins released by NK cells are involved in triggering apoptosis intracellularly?

    <p>Perforins and granzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the innate immune response?

    <p>Recognize pathogens and damaged cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the variety of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) limited in cells of the innate immune system?

    <p>Each receptor type must be encoded by a specific gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the strategy of the innate immune system in using a limited number of receptors differ from that of the adaptive immune system?

    <p>Adaptive immune system employs a limited number of receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) from adaptive immune receptors?

    <p>Highly specific to particular pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limits the variety of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) present on the cell membrane?

    <p>Finite surface area of the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do innate immune cells have a limited number of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) compared to adaptive immune cells?

    <p>Each receptor type is encoded by a specific gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of innate immune cells when they encounter a pathogen they recognize?

    <p>Initiate phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is commonly found on innate immune cells for recognizing bacterial components and complement?

    <p>Pattern recognition receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of chemokines in the innate immune response?

    <p>Attract cells through chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of soluble mediator is responsible for inducing a receiving cell to change its physiology?

    <p>Cytokine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the immune response, what does chemotaxis refer to?

    <p>Cell movement toward a chemical signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do cytokines play a crucial role in immune responses?

    <p>To induce changes in receiving cells' physiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

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