Understanding Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes an attack or relapse in Multiple Sclerosis?

  • New or returning symptoms last for 24 hours or more. (correct)
  • Symptoms appear gradually over weeks.
  • Symptoms last less than 24 hours.
  • Symptoms are always severe.

    • Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Multiple Sclerosis?

  • Difficulty walking
  • Blurry vision
  • Increased endurance (correct)
  • Numbness

    • How does weather affect individuals with Multiple Sclerosis?

  • Overheating can trigger flare-ups. (correct)
  • Humidity has no effect on symptoms.
  • Cold weather always alleviates symptoms.
  • Rain improves mobility.

    • What is a common effect of Multiple Sclerosis on exercise response?

    <p>Fatigue during physical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which exercise goal would be most appropriate for managing Multiple Sclerosis?

    <p>Enhancing flexibility and balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom commonly associated with Multiple Sclerosis?

    <p>Low strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can significantly exacerbate symptoms in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis?

    <p>Medication side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a psychological effect commonly reported by individuals with Multiple Sclerosis?

    <p>Emotional distress due to symptom variability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Glatiramer Acetate in Mary's treatment plan?

    <p>It slows the progression of multiple sclerosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which exercise type is included in Mary's weekly exercise plan twice a week?

    <p>Lower-body resistance training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often does Mary participate in a yoga class according to her exercise plan?

    <p>Once a week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key safety consideration in Mary's exercise programming?

    <p>Ensuring she stays hydrated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following benefits of exercise is related to neuromechanical aspects?

    <p>Enhancing movement efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for Mary's 5 in 5 program?

    <p>Daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a part of Mary's exercise program?

    <p>Cardio kickboxing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall goal of Mary's exercise regimen considering her condition?

    <p>To slow the progression of her MS and enhance comfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the potential side effects of Gilenya (Fingolimod)?

    <p>Hair loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to reduce the number of active brain lesions seen on MRI scans?

    <p>Glatiramer Acetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect experienced immediately after an injection of Glatiramer Acetate?

    <p>Rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used to delay the progression of physical disability in patients aged 10-18?

    <p>Gilenya (Fingolimod)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does progressive resistance training have on MS patients according to the studies?

    <p>Improves fatigue, mood, and quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect is commonly associated with Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) at its initial use?

    <p>Flushing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of Mavenclad (Cladribine)?

    <p>Chest infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key benefit of exercise therapy for multiple sclerosis patients?

    <p>It enhances balance function and functional walking ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study focuses on the effects of exercise training on fitness and health-related quality of life in MS?

    <p>Latimer-Cheung et al. (2013)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication works to decrease the number of relapses and slows the accumulation of disability?

    <p>Aubagio (Teriflunomide)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary recommendation in the exercise prescription for patients with multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Incorporate various types of physical activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of Gilenya (Fingolimod)?

    <p>Cold sores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of study is reported by Hao et al. (2022) regarding exercise therapies?

    <p>Network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Mostert & Kesselring (2002), what were the effects of a short-term exercise training program on MS subjects?

    <p>Increased activity levels and enhanced health perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of exercise therapy specifically benefits biological mechanisms in multiple sclerosis?

    <p>It brings about hormonal and metabolic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about the effects of physical exercise in patients with multiple sclerosis?

    <p>All forms of exercise are unsafe for MS patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common potential side effect of Interferon Beta-1a?

    <p>Flu-like symptoms including muscle aches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Interferon Beta-1b?

    <p>To slow the progression of disability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of reactions may occur from self-injection of medications?

    <p>Flu-like symptoms and injection site pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a side effect associated with Interferon Beta-1b?

    <p>Enhanced cognitive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of Interferon Beta-1a in MS treatment?

    <p>Delay the onset of CDMS for at-risk individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the side effects of Interferon medications is true?

    <p>They can include flu-like symptoms and psychological effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of MS does Interferon Beta-1b primarily target?

    <p>Secondary-progressive MS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common side effects of both Interferon Beta-1a and Interferon Beta-1b?

    <p>Flu-like symptoms and injection site pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Multiple Sclerosis Presentation

    • Topic: Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
    • Presenters: Carissa, Emily, Kiara, and Reese
    • Date: November 26, 2024
    • Course: HKIN 453

    Presentation Outline

    • General Overview
    • Symptoms
    • Etiology
    • Types of MS
    • Case Study
    • Other Characteristics
    • General Condition Management
    • Exercise Response and Goals
    • ICF Model Overview
    • Medications
    • Exercise Program
    • References

    General Overview

    • MS is a central nervous system disease
    • It disrupts brain and body connections
    • The immune system attacks the myelin sheath
    • This damage disrupts signals traveling between the brain and spinal cord
    • Leads to various affected areas (vision, brain, spinal cord, mouth and speech, senses, digestive system, muscles, and urinary system)

    Symptoms

    • Numbness
    • Tingling
    • Mood changes
    • Cognitive impairment
    • Memory problems
    • Fatigue
    • Blindness
    • Muscle weakness
    • Coordination difficulties
    • Bladder/bowel problems
    • Pain
    • Symptoms vary

    Etiology & Incidence

    • Age: Age is a factor
    • Sex: Gender is a factor
    • Race: Racial background is a factor
    • Genetics: Genetic factors play a role
    • Low Vitamin D Level: Low vitamin D levels impact risk
    • Geography/Climate: Location relative to the equator is involved
    • Obesity: Obesity increases susceptibility by 50%
    • Smoking: Smoking also increases susceptibility by 50%

    Types of MS

    • Attack/Relapse: The appearance of new symptoms, or the return of old symptoms, for a period of 24 hours or more. Symptoms can last for weeks or months, usually resolving within a month.
    • Benign MS: No disability, returns to normal between attacks.
    • Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS): Never new disability between attacks
    • Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS): No new disability between attacks followed by steady increase in disability
    • Primary Progressive MS (PPMS): Steady increase in disability without attacks

    Case Study: Mary

    • Age 38
    • Canadian
    • Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)

    Where Does Mary Fit In?

    • Prevalence: 90,000/2.8 million
    • Frequency: 12 per day in Canada
    • Demographic: 47% are female; 43 years old; 75% located north of the equator

    ICF Model Overview

    • Health Condition: Multiple Sclerosis
    • Body Functions/Body Structures: Blurred vision, numbness, tingling, difficulty walking, taking transit, Balance, Gait (walking & stair), Muscular strength.
    • Activities: Taking transit.
    • Participation: Balance, Gait (walking & stair), and Muscular strength.
    • Environmental Factors: Weather, Accessibility of transit, Temperature, Flare-ups (low vision & low balance; overheating; side effects from medication)
    • Personal Factors: None explicitly mentioned

    Mary's Symptoms

    • Optic Neuritis: About half of MS patients experience this inflammation of the optic nerve. This can cause blurry vision, 'washed out' colour vision and eye pain for several days.
    • Partial Transverse Myelitis: Inflammation of the spinal cord, frequently resulting in numbness, tingling, and weakness in the extremities; bladder/bowel dysfunction and/or difficulty walking

    Other Characteristics (Physical, Mental, Emotional, Social)

    • Anxiety about symptoms and flare-ups
    • Overarching anxiety about relapsing/remitting
    • Depression about inability to do things
    • Lifestyle adjustments to minimize symptoms
    • Difficulties with employment

    General Condition Management

    • Effective strategies can modify or slow the disease course; treat relapses; manage symptoms; improve function; and support emotional health.
    • Mental and physical well-being important

    Effects of MS on Exercise Response

    • Historically, physical activity is discouraged, causing more weakness and fatigue over time. However, physical activity demonstrates considerable benefits.
    • Cardiovascular response to exercise is typical
    • Exacerbation of symptoms (elevated spasticity, paraesthesia, vertigo) may impact exercise response
    • Overheating (Uhthoff's phenomenon) and worsening of visual and neurological function; worsening of sensory-motor problems; difficulty pedalling

    Exercise Goals for Management of MS

    • Maintain/minimize loss of muscle strength; bone density; flexibility; cognitive function; respiratory function; mobility; balance, and coordination.
    • Improve energy levels; mood

    Mary's Exercise Goals

    • Balance
    • Gait (walking ability/mobility)
    • Levels of fatigue
    • Muscle strength

    Common Medications and Side Effects

    • Interferon Beta-1a (Avonex etc.): Slows progression of disability, reduces frequency of attacks
    • Interferon Beta-1b (Betaseron): Slows progression of disability, reduces frequency of attacks
    • Glatiramer Acetate (Copaxone, Glatect): Decreases frequency of MS attacks, reduces active brain lesions
    • Side Effects: Vary, including flu-like symptoms, pain, injection site reactions

    Mary's Medications

    • Glatiramer Acetate: Every other day; 250 mcg in diluting solution via pre-filled self-injection.

    Effects of Exercise Training on Condition

    • Aerobic fitness; Muscle strength; Flexibility; Stability; Fatigue/energy levels; Cognition; Quality of life; Respiratory function; Bone density; Bladder and bowel function; Mood

    Primary Research Articles

    • Studies show that fatigue, mood, and quality of life improve in MS patients after progressive resistance training
    • Studies explore the effectiveness of different exercise therapies, including yoga, aquatic exercise, etc., for improving balance and functional walking ability in MS patients.

    Recommendations for Exercise Programming

    • Safety Considerations: Adapt exercises to avoid fatigue, overheating, and pain. Work with a physical therapist, and quit if necessary.
    • Beneficial Exercises: Include yoga poses (example photos); various exercise programs with varying levels of intensity (examples provided)
    • Equipment: Consider cooling packs, grab bars, and body-weight supported treadmills
    • Environmental Considerations: Manage temperature; adequate lighting; clear walking areas.
    • Communication: Understand potential symptom worsening, and take it slow to avoid exercise-related fatigue.

    Program Example: Mary's Hypothetical Exercise Plan

    • Weekly schedule for exercise; lower-body resistance training; yoga; aquatic fitness

    Case Study Overview

    • Mary's MS will progress; her goals are practical; she'll exercise whenever possible; she'll take medication to slow progression.

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    Related Documents

    MS Slides (Tuininga et al, 2024) PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores key aspects of Multiple Sclerosis, including symptoms, exercise responses, and psychological effects associated with the condition. Test your knowledge on how this disease affects individuals and what factors can exacerbate its symptoms.

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