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Questions and Answers
What is the primary factor that determines the time period (T) of a simple pendulum?
What is the primary factor that determines the time period (T) of a simple pendulum?
What is the term used to describe the distance from the point of support to the centre of the bob in a simple pendulum?
What is the term used to describe the distance from the point of support to the centre of the bob in a simple pendulum?
If a simple pendulum has a length (l) of 1 meter and the acceleration due to gravity (g) is 9.8 m/s², what is the time period (T) of the pendulum?
If a simple pendulum has a length (l) of 1 meter and the acceleration due to gravity (g) is 9.8 m/s², what is the time period (T) of the pendulum?
What is an oscillation in the context of a simple pendulum?
What is an oscillation in the context of a simple pendulum?
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What angle is required to set a simple pendulum oscillating?
What angle is required to set a simple pendulum oscillating?
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What is the time period of a seconds pendulum?
What is the time period of a seconds pendulum?
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In the simple pendulum, what is the mean position?
In the simple pendulum, what is the mean position?
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Which condition must be met for a simple pendulum to be considered as exhibiting simple harmonic motion?
Which condition must be met for a simple pendulum to be considered as exhibiting simple harmonic motion?
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What two variables primarily affect the time period (T) of a simple pendulum?
What two variables primarily affect the time period (T) of a simple pendulum?
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What happens when a pendulum bob is pulled to the side and released?
What happens when a pendulum bob is pulled to the side and released?
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Study Notes
Motion
- Everything around us is either in motion or at rest.
- Motion can be judged by comparing an object's position with respect to stationary landmarks.
- When an object's position relative to its surroundings does not change with time, it is at rest.
- When an object's position relative to its surroundings changes with time, it is in motion.
Motion is Relative
- All motion is relative.
- A boy sitting in a moving bus is at rest relative to the bus, but in motion relative to the road.
Types of Motion
- Random Motion: Motion without a pattern, e.g., a kite or a mosquito.
- Regular Motion: Motion that follows a pattern.
- Translatory Motion: Motion in a straight line, e.g., a bus or a ball thrown straight up or down.
- Rectilinear Motion: Motion along a straight line, e.g., vehicles on a straight road or athletes running on a track.
- Curvilinear Motion: Motion along a curved path, e.g., water from a garden hose.
Motion in Physics
Curvilinear Motion
- Motion of a body along a curved path, e.g., a vehicle turning from one road to another.
Rotatory Motion
- Motion of an object around an axis passing through itself, e.g., the rotation of the earth or an electrical fan.
- Examples: wheels of a car, food processors, and Ferris wheels.
Oscillatory Motion
- Motion of a pendulum, a swing, or a bell hanging by a cord.
- Not all swinging motions are oscillatory, e.g., swinging arms while walking.
Circular Motion
- Motion of a body around a fixed point, e.g., a string rotating around a hand.
Periodic Motion
- Any motion that repeats itself after a fixed interval, e.g., a clock's hands or the earth around the sun.
- Oscillatory motion is a type of periodic motion.
Simple Pendulum
- Consists of a small, heavy sphere (bob) suspended by a light string from a fixed support.
- Can oscillate freely when released from a small angle (< 4°) with the vertical.
- Mean Position: The position of the pendulum at rest, with the string vertical.
- Effective Length (l): The distance from the point of support to the centre of the bob.
- Amplitude: The angle of oscillation (< 4°) with the vertical.
Time Period
- The total time taken by one complete oscillation of a simple pendulum.
- Related to the length (l) and acceleration due to gravity (g) by the formula: T = 2π√(l/g)
- A pendulum with a time period of 2 seconds is called a seconds pendulum, used in clocks at one-second intervals.
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Description
Learn about the concept of motion, how it's relative, and how to determine if an object is in motion or at rest.
