Understanding Morality: Definitions and Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of morality in our daily lives?

  • To create a set of rules for an ideal society
  • To establish a universal code of conduct
  • To provide a survival script for individuals (correct)
  • To preserve the will of a powerful individual

    • What is the characteristic of morality that makes it applicable to all in a society?

  • It is independent from religion (correct)
  • It is based on individual will and power
  • It is a set of universal rules
  • It is culturally and territorially based

    • What is the focus of moral theories in relation to morality?

  • Understanding the moral subscripts (correct)
  • Creating a set of rules for an ideal society
  • Developing a universal code of conduct
  • Establishing the will of a powerful individual

    • What is the purpose of a moral script in a society?

    <p>To provide a guide for individual behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of morality that makes it vary across different societies?

    <p>It is culturally and territorially based</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relation between morality and religion according to the text?

    <p>Morality is independent from religion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the morality system, what is the primary function of guilt?

    <p>To punish oneself for not meeting moral standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of conscience in the morality system?

    <p>To provide an internal discomfort from self-mediated disappointment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do individuals judge themselves based on group standards?

    <p>Because human beings have no sure way of telling whether an action is good or bad based on their own standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cumulative effect of guilt?

    <p>Withdrawal and increased comfort with guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the morality system?

    <p>To establish a system of self-regulation and self-judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do individuals hide their actions from both self and others when they feel guilty?

    <p>Because they feel ashamed of their actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Latin origin of the word 'conscience'?

    <p>Conscientia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motivator of conscience according to the text?

    <p>Good feelings within us</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does conscience evolve over time?

    <p>It evolves as individuals grow and mature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the intellect in conscience, according to Fr. Fagothey?

    <p>To form judgments about right and wrong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between morality and religion?

    <p>Morality is based on human judgment, while religion is based on divine judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of law, according to the text?

    <p>A set of rules and binding custom or practice recognized and enforced by a controlling authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of both conventional law and natural law?

    <p>To protect life, liberty, and property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the penal code?

    <p>To prescribe punishments for unlawful acts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of retribution in the penal code?

    <p>To punish the offender for the crime committed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is law needed for the safety of society?

    <p>Because of the need for earthly penalties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of declarative conventional law?

    <p>To simply restate what the natural law declares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of rehabilitation in the penal code?

    <p>To correct the behavior of offenders and reintegrate them into society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the penal code in relation to offenders?

    <p>To improve and rehabilitate offenders through counseling and education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the penal code in relation to the community?

    <p>To warn the community of the consequences of committing crimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the penal code differ between criminal and civil cases?

    <p>Punishments in criminal cases involve the denial of individual rights, while in civil cases, they involve monetary damages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of the penal code in maintaining society?

    <p>To maintain stability and security in society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do morality and the law serve in society?

    <p>To maintain stability and security in society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the penal code and accountability in society?

    <p>The penal code provides a framework for accountability in society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Morality as a Survival Script

    • Morality is a set of rules that govern human behavior in matters of right and wrong.
    • It has three different definitions:
      • Descriptive definition: a set of rules that govern human behavior.
      • Normative and universal definition: an ideal code of conduct that would be observed by all rational people under specific conditions.

    Morality and Society

    • Morality is territorial and culturally based.
    • We are bound to live within the society's guidelines as long as we live in that society.
    • Morality is a system that sets standards of virtuous conduct, enforces policy, and self-regulates through guilt.

    Guilt and Conscience

    • Guilt is a result of self-judging and punishing oneself for not living up to the moral standards.
    • Guilt can be cumulative, leading to withdrawal and isolation.
    • Conscience is motivated by good feelings within us, such as pride, compassion, and empathy.
    • Conscience evolves as individuals grow, and our perception of evil evolves with age.

    Morality and Religion

    • Conscience applies to three things: the intellect, the process of reasoning, and the judgment itself.
    • Religion, in contrast to morality, draws much from the divine.
    • Many religious belief systems include or are built around the idea of divine will and divine judgment.

    Law

    • Law is a set of rules and binding custom or practice recognized and enforced by a controlling authority.
    • Law is both an art and an instrument of power, aiming to create desirable outcomes.
    • Natural law has been used as the basis for some conventional laws.
    • There are two forms of conventional law: declarative and determinative.

    Purpose of Law

    • The purpose of law is to protect life, liberty, and property of the group covered by these laws.
    • Law was needed for the following reasons:
      • The ignorant need instruction and control by the wise.
      • Earthly penalties are required for the safety of society.
      • Concerted action demands teamwork and leadership.
      • Society must meet changed conditions harmoniously.

    The Penal Code

    • The penal code is a system of rules that prescribe punishments for unlawful acts.
    • The penal code has three main functions:
      • Retribution: paying back the victim for the crime committed.
      • Rehabilitation: correcting the behavior of offenders and reintegrating them into society.
      • Deterrence: preventing similar actions in the future by warning both the offender and the community.

    Enforcement and Morality

    • Enforcement differs between criminal and civil cases.
    • The penal code is essential for maintaining law and order and ensuring accountability for actions within a society.
    • Morality and the law serve the purpose of maintaining stability and security in society.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of morality and its different definitions. Explore how morality is understood and applied in day-to-day life, including descriptive and normative approaches. Assess your understanding of right and wrong and how morality has evolved over time.

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