Understanding Morality and Ethics

30 Questions

What is the fundamental pillar of a civilized society according to Sivasubramaniam et.al (2021)?

Responsible practice

What characterizes an ethical dilemma?

Two conflicting actions must be chosen from

What does being an ethical profession entail?

Critically examining professional practices

In a moral dilemma, why might some ethical principle be compromised?

Because no matter the choice, an ethical principle is compromised

What is a common example of a healthcare-related ethical dilemma in the Covid-19 era based on Riedel et.al (2022)?

Conflict between patients' interests and caregivers' safety

Why do ethical dilemmas arise, according to the text?

Because rules may conflict in some situations

What is the origin of the term 'morality'?

Comes from the Latin word 'MORES'

What is essential for making an ethical decision according to the text?

Understanding ethical concerns and evaluating formative factors

Which of the following statements best describes morality?

Ensures people can live harmoniously

Which factor is NOT mentioned as essential for making an ethical decision in the text?

Personal preference

What is ethical judgment according to the text?

Using reason to determine the most ethical action

What is the main focus of ethics?

Reflecting on moral issues systematically

Which theory is mentioned as resting on duties in ethics?

Deontology

How are morality and law related?

Morality functions like law in telling us what to do or not do

Which of the following is NOT a common moral principle mentioned in the text?

Always seek personal gain

What do deontological theories focus on in ethical decision-making?

Conforming to rules and laws

How does ethics differ from morality according to the text?

Ethics deals with systematic reflection on morality, while morality involves daily life applications of rules

What distinguishes an ethical decision from an unethical one?

Legality

What does the term 'good' denote in ethical concepts?

Value of a thing

Which concept is associated with the rule, law, or policy?

Moral Standard

According to Kant, what are the three universal moral standards?

Truth-telling, promisekeeping, debt payment

What differentiates a moral issue from a non-moral issue?

Potential to help or harm anyone

Which scenario would be classified as an ethical issue?

Unethical accounting practices

What defines an action as unethical?

Non-conformity to a particular standard of morality

In virtue ethics, how does one become virtuous?

By performing virtuous acts repeatedly

What is the focus of teleological theories?

Producing good consequences

What is the key element in Kant's moral philosophy?

Acting according to moral obligation

How do teleological theories evaluate moral actions?

By measuring the consequences of the actions

What is the central concept in virtue ethics?

Developing virtuous character traits

According to Aristotle and Aquinas, what does the practice of virtue lead to?

'The good' and a virtuous life

Study Notes

Morality

Originates from the Latin word "MORES" meaning traditions and practices that are customarily accepted in a given context.
Deals with the application of societal or professional rules to daily life.
Includes accepted common morality, such as not lying, stealing, or killing, keeping promises, and respecting the rights of others.
Prevailing standards of behavior that enable people to live cooperatively.
Sanctions what is right and acceptable in a given society or profession.
Values of a particular group at a particular point in time.

Ethics

Systematic reflection on morality.
Investigates questions of right and wrong, good and bad, fair and unfair, just or unjust.
Deals with right versus wrong and right versus right dilemmas.
Good is a teleological concept that denotes what is desirable, worthwhile, or worth striving for.
Right is a deontological concept that denotes what accords with the rule, law, or policy.

Moral Problems, Issues, and Standards

Moral problem: an action that has the potential to help or harm another person or yourself.
Moral issue: an issue of moral concern with the potential to help or harm anyone, including oneself.
Moral standard: bases for moral behavior and determining whether a certain act is moral or immoral.
Universal moral standards: truth-telling, promise-keeping, and debt payment.

Ethical Issues and Dilemmas

Ethical issue: a situation that creates a conflict with a society's moral principles.
Ethical dilemma: a situation where a difficult decision has to be made between two actions, often with conflicting moral principles.
Examples of ethical dilemmas: reporting harassment, healthcare-related dilemmas in the Covid-19 era.

Ethical Decision-Making and Judgment

Ethical decision-making: making a moral choice based on an educated understanding of ethical concerns and evaluating formative factors.
Ethical judgment: reasoning about possible actions and judging which action is most ethical.
Factors that influence ethical decision-making: tradition, revelation, culture, experience, reason, and scripture.

Four Ways of Making Value Judgments in Ethics

Deontology: rests on duties, concerned with right action, and conforming to rules, laws, and religious texts.
Teleology: rests on goals and objectives, concerned with what is good, and producing good consequences.
Virtue Ethics: concerned with how a virtuous person would behave, having ethical thoughts and character, and performing virtuous acts.
Examples of virtue ethics: Aristotle and Aquinas' concept of virtue leading to 'the good' and a good life for human beings.

Explore the concept of morality and ethics, including societal and professional rules applied in daily life. Learn about common moral standards such as not lying, stealing, or killing, as well as principles like 'Love your neighbor as yourself' and 'Do to others as you would have them do unto you'.

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