18 Questions
What does ethics deal with according to the text?
Learning
Which of the following is considered a human act according to the text?
Walking
What does ethics propose for how a person should live their life?
Meaningfully
Who among the following is mentioned as a philosopher in the text?
Thomas Aquinas
What is considered immoral according to the text?
Cheating
How is ethics described in terms of morality?
Science of the morality of human acts
What distinguishes a moral dilemma from a moral issue?
A moral dilemma involves being torn between difficult choices, each with consequences.
What does ethics teach us?
How to live a harmonious life by putting order in our lives.
In the context of values, where may values depend according to the text?
Religion and culture.
Which statement best describes the relationship between what is legal and what is moral?
What is legal may not always align with what is morally right.
In the Philippines, which of the following is an example of an Executive Order?
EO No. 3 s. 2022 Allowing voluntary wearing of face masks in outdoor settings.
Which factor influences the values one holds based on the text?
Religion.
What is the main focus of utilitarianism?
Maximizing happiness and good consequences
According to utilitarianism, actions are judged based on their:
Usefulness in producing happiness or benefit
Which concept in utilitarianism emphasizes that actions should bring happiness to the greatest number of people?
Principle of the Greatest Number
In utilitarianism, what are considered 'Higher Pleasures'?
Intellectual pleasures such as music and art
Which philosopher is associated with the concept of 2 Sovereign Masters in utilitarianism?
Jeremy Bentham
What is the fundamental principle underlying utilitarian ethics?
Maximization of overall happiness
Study Notes
Ethics and Moral Issues
- Ethics is the art of correct living, teaching how to put order and harmony in one's life.
- Moral issues present in societies today include abortion, birth control, death penalty, divorce, experiments on animals, and racism.
- Moral dilemma is a more complicated situation where a person is torn between two or more difficult choices, each with consequences.
Ethics and Authorities
- Law and ethics are different; what is legal is not necessarily moral.
- Examples of laws and authorities include Executive Orders, Presidential Decrees, and Republic Acts.
- Values from laws differ from one country to another.
Ethics and Religions/Culture
- Values may depend on the religion one practices.
- Culture also influences values; for example, Filipinos prioritize family ties, while Americans value independence.
Utilitarianism
- Utilitarianism is the first moral/ethical theory, proposed by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.
- Right action/moral act is one that results in a useful consequence, happiness, or good.
- Morals/ethics/values are tools to produce pleasure/happiness and avoid pain.
- Utilitarianism is consequentialist, meaning the value of an action is based on its results.
Key Concepts of Utilitarianism
- Principle of Utility: Actions are judged based on their usefulness to produce benefit, advantage, pleasure, good, or happiness.
- 2 Sovereign Masters: Pleasure and pain, with pleasure being desired and pain being avoided.
- Higher and Lower Pleasures: Higher pleasures include intellectual pleasures, while lower pleasures include base instincts.
- Principle of the Greatest Number: An action is right when it brings happiness/pleasure to the greatest number of people.
What is Ethics?
- Ethics combines with science and art to study the morality of human acts.
- Ethics is a science that deals with moral principles governing human behavior.
- Ethics studies man as a moral being, capable of distinguishing between right and wrong.
- Ethics examines human accountability for actions and their consequences, and proposes how to live a meaningful life.
Philosophers and their Contributions
- Plato, Thomas Aquinas, Aristotle, Jesus, Socrates, Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, and Emmanuel Kant are notable philosophers who have contributed to the field of ethics.
- Ethics as an art aims to make things more orderly and harmonious.
Test your knowledge on ethics and moral issues such as abortion, birth control, death penalty, divorce, and more. Explore the complexities of moral dilemmas versus moral issues in societies today.
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