Podcast
Questions and Answers
In a real moral dilemma, what characteristic BEST describes the options a decision-maker faces?
In a real moral dilemma, what characteristic BEST describes the options a decision-maker faces?
- Selecting an option that serves self-interest while appearing morally justifiable.
- Prioritizing one moral value over another, where both options lead to violating a moral concern. (correct)
- Choosing between a clearly right moral option and a tempting but wrong alternative.
- Choosing between options that equally uphold all moral values and duties.
How does System One thinking primarily approach decision-making in contrast to System Two?
How does System One thinking primarily approach decision-making in contrast to System Two?
- By conducting a thorough ethical analysis of all available options.
- By balancing both ethical analysis and intuitive responses for optimal results.
- By immediately implementing a previously chosen course of action.
- By relying on moral intuition and gut feelings for a quick resolution. (correct)
Which ethical framework BEST applies to a scenario where a person's exuberance leads them to make a promise that conflicts with a more critical moral obligation?
Which ethical framework BEST applies to a scenario where a person's exuberance leads them to make a promise that conflicts with a more critical moral obligation?
- Real moral dilemma, where both options have equally strong moral justifications.
- Situational ethics, adapting moral principles based on the immediate context.
- Self-inflicted moral dilemma, arising from a prior personal mistake or commitment. (correct)
- Fake moral dilemma, where one option clearly outweighs the other in moral value.
In the context of moral dilemmas, what is the primary distinction between 'truth versus loyalty' as an ethical paradigm?
In the context of moral dilemmas, what is the primary distinction between 'truth versus loyalty' as an ethical paradigm?
What strategy is MOST effective when navigating morally challenging situations, especially false moral dilemmas?
What strategy is MOST effective when navigating morally challenging situations, especially false moral dilemmas?
When a professional faces the choice of prioritizing their own interests over their client's, which type of dilemma are they MOST likely encountering?
When a professional faces the choice of prioritizing their own interests over their client's, which type of dilemma are they MOST likely encountering?
In what situation is someone MOST likely to encounter a 'self-inflicted dilemma'?
In what situation is someone MOST likely to encounter a 'self-inflicted dilemma'?
How do real and fake dilemmas DIFFER in their structure, according to the text?
How do real and fake dilemmas DIFFER in their structure, according to the text?
Which of the following BEST describes the implication of the 'knowledge gap' in professional ethics?
Which of the following BEST describes the implication of the 'knowledge gap' in professional ethics?
In a situation where honesty conflicts with commitment to a person or idea, which ethical paradigm is MOST directly involved?
In a situation where honesty conflicts with commitment to a person or idea, which ethical paradigm is MOST directly involved?
Flashcards
Dilemma
Dilemma
A situation where a decision-maker must consider two or more options that are equally balanced, often involving moral values or duties, but can only choose one.
Real Dilemma
Real Dilemma
A dilemma where the decision-maker must choose between two undesirable options of moral values or duties, inevitably violating a crucial moral principle.
Fake Dilemma
Fake Dilemma
A dilemma where the decision-maker faces a choice between a right and a wrong option, but is tempted or pressured to choose the wrong one, prioritizing self-interest.
Self-Inflicted Dilemma
Self-Inflicted Dilemma
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System One Thinking
System One Thinking
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System Two Thinking
System Two Thinking
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Truth Versus Loyalty
Truth Versus Loyalty
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Individual Versus Community
Individual Versus Community
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Short-Term Versus Long-Term
Short-Term Versus Long-Term
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Justice Versus Virtue
Justice Versus Virtue
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Study Notes
Introduction to Moral Dilemmas
- In any dilemma, a decision-maker must consider multiple options that are more or less equally viable
- In morality, these options involve moral values or duties
- Decision-makers can only choose one option, inevitably violating a crucial moral concern
Types of Moral Dilemmas
- There are two types of moral dilemmas: real and fake
Real Dilemmas
- Decision-makers must choose between two wrong options involving moral values or duties
- Both options result in violating a moral concern
Fake Dilemmas
- Decision-makers must choose between right and wrong
- The moral duty is to act on the right option, but individuals may choose the wrong option due to pressure or temptation
- This often occurs when self-interest is prioritized over others' interests
General Definition of a Dilemma
- Dilemmas are situations where one faces two equally undesirable or unsatisfactory options
Moral Dilemmas Defined
- A "dilemma" originates from Greek words where "di" means "two" and "lemma" means "a fundamental proposition"
- Moral dilemmas involve conflicting moral values or duties
- Ethical dilemmas are described as "unresolvable conflicts between strong moral requirements," requiring prioritization of one moral value over another
- Moral agents must assess available options, recognizing that each choice may offend another option
- It is ideal to live up to one's moral convictions and beliefs, but dilemmas can prevent acting entirely morally
Two Systems in Decision-Making
- Ethics is the study of morality, examining moral standards of individuals or society for soundness and appropriateness
- Morality is a set of moral beliefs about what is right and wrong
- Ethics is learned through books and courses, while morality is learned through social interaction
- Ethics involves courses and exams, while morality involves moral tests
- System One thinking corresponds to morality and System Two corresponds to ethics
System One
- The decision-making process relies on moral intuition and gut feelings, using one's moral beliefs and convictions
- Lacks time for full analysis and may lead to mistakes due to quick thinking
System Two
- The decision-making process relies on ethical analysis to identify alternative actions
- The chosen action undergoes testing for acceptability before taking action
- System Two benefits option weighing but is slow, potentially causing passivity and missed opportunities for immediate solutions
- Balancing both System One and System Two is beneficial, especially in facing false dilemmas
Self-Inflicted Dilemmas
- A moral dilemma resulting from a prior personal mistake is called a self-inflicted dilemma
- An example is King Herod's story, where a promise leads to a moral trap with no moral exit
- Double booking is another example, where incompatible promises force breaking one
Two Senses of Seeing Alternatives in Self-Inflicted Dilemmas
- Narrow Sense: Moral values at stake are equally important, making wrongdoing inescapable
- Wider Sense: Moral values at stake are not equally important, where there is lesser wrong and greater wrong.
- Cancelling a meeting may disappoint but is understandable due to the priority of keeping the other promise
False Moral Dilemmas
- Involve two options: one a moral value or duty, and the other is not
- Decision-makers face temptation or pressure to act against the moral value or duty, embracing the wrong option
- Unlike true dilemmas, fake dilemmas involve a right-versus-wrong issue, also known as moral temptations
- A conflict of interest for professionals prioritizing self-interest over clients is presented due to a knowledge gap clients have.
Balance in Dilemmas
- Real Dilemma: Two opposing moral values are perfectly balanced
- False Dilemma: One option is clearly morally right, while the other is clearly morally wrong
- Introducing System One and System Two helps individuals recognize ethical issues and progress towards ethical decision-making
Four Ethical Dilemma Paradigms
- Truth versus loyalty
- Involves honesty versus commitment
- Individual versus community
- Involves self-interest versus the interest of a larger group
- Short-term versus long-term
- Involves immediate needs versus future needs ("now versus then")
- Justice versus virtue
- Involves following the rules versus compassion
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