Understanding Minimal Effective Concentration of Antibiotics
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Questions and Answers

What does the minimal effective concentration (MEC) of an antibiotic refer to?

  • The serum drug level that broadens the spectrum of the drug
  • The serum drug level that increases the therapeutic index
  • The serum drug level that is sufficient to halt the growth of the microorganism (correct)
  • The serum drug level that ensures the drug is bacteriostatic
  • What is the most likely cause of a patient's infection not responding to an antibiotic that has been used successfully several times before?

  • Cross-resistance
  • Inherent bacterial resistance
  • Transferred resistance
  • Acquired bacterial resistance (correct)
  • A patient has previously experienced a severe rash when taking penicillin. What action should the nurse take when preparing to administer amoxicillin to this patient?

  • Contact the provider to discuss using a different antibiotic (correct)
  • Administer the amoxicillin and have epinephrine available
  • Request an order for a beta-lactamase-resistant drug
  • Ask the provider to order an antihistamine
  • A patient has been receiving an antibiotic for 2 days after a culture was obtained. What is the nurse's understanding of this situation?

    <p>The patient's culture results have not yet been received, but the antibiotic is appropriate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the concept of cross-resistance in relation to antibiotics?

    <p>Cross-resistance occurs when a microorganism becomes resistant to an antibiotic due to its resistance to a different antibiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely reason for a patient's infection not responding to an antibiotic that has been successfully used before?

    <p>The patient's infection has become resistant to the antibiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nurse's next best action based on the patient's increased erythema, swelling, and persistent high fever?

    <p>Review the sensitivity results from the patient's culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is most important before administering the first dose of an antibiotic to a patient admitted for a urinary tract infection?

    <p>Obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic will the nurse expect the provider to order for a patient admitted with pneumonia who was unable to produce sputum for a culture?

    <p>A broad-spectrum antibiotic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement by the nurse is correct when teaching a patient who will be discharged home from the hospital to take amoxicillin twice daily for ten days?

    <p>&quot;Stop taking the drug and notify your provider if you develop a rash while taking this drug.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nurse's next action when reviewing the patient's chart and noting that the patient previously experienced a rash when taking amoxicillin, before administering the first dose of intravenous ceftriaxone?

    <p>Administer the drug and observe closely for hypersensitivity reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action will the nurse take when preparing to give a dose of cephalosporin medication to a patient who has received the antibiotic for two weeks and the nurse notes ulcers on the patient's tongue and buccal mucosa?

    <p>Report a possible side effect of the cephalosporin, such as superinfection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching when the nurse is providing teaching to a patient who will begin taking cephalosporin to treat an infection?

    <p>&quot;I may stop taking the medication if my symptoms clear up.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important reason for obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity before starting antibiotic therapy for a urinary tract infection?

    <p>To determine the appropriate antibiotic treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a broad-spectrum antibiotic frequently used to treat pneumonia when the offending organism is not identified by culture and sensitivity?

    <p>To target a wider range of potential bacterial pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nurse's primary concern when a patient reports developing a rash while taking amoxicillin?

    <p>The patient may have a hypersensitivity reaction to the medication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient develops a rash while taking an antibiotic, the nurse should instruct them to:

    <p>Stop taking the drug and call their provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods should a patient avoid while taking amoxicillin?

    <p>Acidic fruits and juices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a nurse notices that a penicillin G procaine solution has a milky color, what action should they take?

    <p>Administer the medication as ordered by the physician</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient is taking azithromycin for an exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and also takes digoxin and warfarin, the nurse should expect:

    <p>Increased effectiveness of digoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient reports having had a rash when taking penicillin, the nurse should contact the provider to:

    <p>Discuss using erythromycin instead of penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient is receiving a high dose of intravenous azithromycin and also taking acetaminophen, which lab values should the nurse monitor for side effects?

    <p>Liver enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions does NOT contribute to bacterial resistance to antibiotics?

    <p>Taking a full course of antibiotics as prescribed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient is taking penicillin and reports having had a rash in the past, the nurse should NOT:

    <p>Administer the penicillin as ordered by the physician</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods is safe for a patient to consume while taking amoxicillin?

    <p>Green salad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the instructions, when should antacids be taken in relation to azithromycin?

    <p>2 hours before or 2 hours after taking azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should azithromycin be taken 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals?

    <p>Azithromycin is poorly absorbed when taken with food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient experiences watery diarrhea while taking azithromycin, what should they do?

    <p>Report it immediately, as it may indicate pseudomembranous colitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient is taking warfarin and needs to start clarithromycin, what action should the nurse take?

    <p>Request an order for INR testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macrolide order should the nurse question for a patient who is allergic to penicillin and plans to take fluconazole?

    <p>Erythromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are serum drug peak and trough levels necessary for certain drugs?

    <p>For drugs with a narrow therapeutic index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient's serum drug trough level is below the normal range, what can the nurse expect?

    <p>Inadequate therapeutic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should doxycycline be taken in relation to meals?

    <p>With food to improve absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended timing for taking antacids in relation to tetracyclines?

    <p>Antacids should be avoided while taking tetracyclines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a high tetracycline dose be prescribed?

    <p>To achieve a higher peak level for therapeutic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory values should the nurse monitor for a patient receiving high doses of tetracycline?

    <p>Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advice should the nurse give to a patient taking oral contraceptives while being prescribed doxycycline?

    <p>Use a backup method of contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an infant receiving intravenous gentamicin has not had a wet diaper for several hours, what should the nurse do?

    <p>Hold the dose and contact the provider for a serum trough drug level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 70-kg patient receiving gentamicin reports ringing in the ears. What should the nurse discuss with the provider?

    <p>Obtaining a serum drug level to check for toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When administering intravenous ampicillin and gentamicin, what is an important nursing action?

    <p>Set up separate tubing sets for each drug labeled with name and date</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient's serum gentamicin peak level is 9 mcg/mL and trough level is 2 mcg/mL, what action should the nurse take?

    <p>Report possible drug toxicity to the provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about administering intravenous gentamicin is correct?

    <p>It should be infused over 30-60 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of gentamicin that the nurse should monitor for?

    <p>Nephrotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When administering intravenous ampicillin and gentamicin, what action should the nurse take to prevent mixing the drugs?

    <p>Flush the line with saline between each drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse do if a patient reports ringing in the ears while receiving gentamicin?

    <p>Notify the provider and discuss obtaining a serum drug level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the concept of minimal effective concentration (MEC) of antibiotics, which statement indicates the nursing student's understanding?

    <p>A serum drug level greater than the MEC is sufficient to halt the growth of the microorganism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of a patient's infection not responding to an antibiotic that has been used successfully several times before?

    <p>Acquired bacterial resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient previously experienced a severe rash when taking penicillin, what action should the nurse take when preparing to administer amoxicillin?

    <p>Contact the provider to discuss using a different antibiotic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient has been receiving an antibiotic for 2 days after a culture was obtained, what is the nurse's understanding of this situation?

    <p>The antibiotic is being used empirically before culture results are available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about administering intravenous gentamicin is correct?

    <p>If a patient reports ringing in the ears while receiving gentamicin, the nurse should discuss the concern with the provider.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods should a patient avoid while taking amoxicillin?

    <p>Dairy products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding of the teaching regarding azithromycin?

    <p>I may take antacids 2 hours before taking this drug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the nurse learns that a patient taking warfarin will begin taking clarithromycin, which action should the nurse take?

    <p>Request an order for INR testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macrolide order would the nurse question for a patient allergic to penicillin who plans to take fluconazole?

    <p>Erythromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which type of drug are serum drug peak and trough levels necessary?

    <p>Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient's serum drug trough is below the normal range, what will the nurse expect the patient to experience?

    <p>Inadequate therapeutic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the nurse plan to give doxycycline to a patient?

    <p>With food to improve absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement by the nurse is correct when teaching a patient who will be discharged home from the hospital to take amoxicillin twice daily for ten days?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely reason for a patient's infection not responding to an antibiotic that has been successfully used before?

    <p>Antibiotic resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient is taking azithromycin for an exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and also takes digoxin and warfarin, the nurse should expect:

    <p>Increased risk of bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic will the nurse expect the provider to order for a patient admitted with pneumonia who was unable to produce sputum for a culture?

    <p>Azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a patient do if they develop a rash while taking an antibiotic?

    <p>Stop taking the drug and notify the provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods should a patient avoid while being treated with amoxicillin?

    <p>Acidic fruits and juices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of Penicillin G procaine and how should a nurse respond to it?

    <p>Yellow solution; administer as ordered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can azithromycin have on the effectiveness of digoxin and warfarin?

    <p>Increased effectiveness of digoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient has had a rash when taking penicillin, what alternative drug may be used?

    <p>Erythromycin instead of penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lab values should be monitored when a patient is taking high doses of intravenous azithromycin along with acetaminophen?

    <p>Liver enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory values will the nurse expect to monitor while caring for a patient receiving high doses of tetracycline?

    <p>Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When teaching a female patient about taking doxycycline to treat a sexually transmitted infection (STI), what important information should the nurse include?

    <p>Use a backup method of contraception if taking oral contraceptives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an infant receiving intravenous gentamicin has not had a wet diaper for several hours, what should the nurse do?

    <p>Hold the dose and contact the provider to request a serum trough drug level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 70-kg patient is receiving gentamicin 85 mg 4 times daily and reports experiencing ringing in the ears. What should the nurse discuss with the provider?

    <p>Obtaining a serum drug level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When preparing to administer intravenous ampicillin and gentamicin to a patient, what is an important nursing action?

    <p>Set up separate tubing sets for each drug labeled with the drug name and date.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nurse reviews a patient's chart and notes that the last serum peak gentamicin level was 9 mcg/mL and the last trough level was 2 mcg/mL. What action should the nurse take?

    <p>Obtain repeat peak and trough levels before giving the next dose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most likely cause of a patient's infection not responding to an antibiotic that has been used successfully several times before?

    <p>Antibiotic resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of gentamicin that the nurse should monitor for?

    <p>Ototoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a high tetracycline dose be prescribed?

    <p>To treat a severe bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient's serum gentamicin trough level is below the normal range, what can the nurse expect?

    <p>Decreased therapeutic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nurse's best action when preparing to give a dose of cephalosporin medication to a patient who has received the antibiotic for two weeks and the nurse notes ulcers on the patient's tongue and buccal mucosa?

    <p>Hold the drug and notify the provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important reason for obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity before starting antibiotic therapy for a urinary tract infection?

    <p>To identify the organism causing the infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching when the nurse is providing instructions to a patient who will begin taking cephalosporin to treat an infection?

    <p>&quot;I should avoid food rich in vitamin C while on this medication.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse do if a patient reports ringing in the ears while receiving gentamicin?

    <p>Continue administering the medication as prescribed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action will the nurse take when reviewing the patient's chart and noting that the patient previously experienced a rash when taking amoxicillin, before administering the first dose of intravenous ceftriaxone?

    <p>Administer the drug and observe closely for hypersensitivity reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a broad-spectrum antibiotic frequently used to treat pneumonia when the offending organism is not identified by culture and sensitivity?

    <p>To ensure rapid treatment without waiting for culture results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a patient do if diarrhea occurs while taking amoxicillin?

    <p>Stop taking the drug immediately and contact the provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nurse's next action based on the patient's increased erythema, swelling, and persistent high fever?

    <p>Review sensitivity results from the patient's culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is most important before administering an antibiotic to a patient admitted for a urinary tract infection?

    <p>Obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the nurse expect if a patient admitted for pneumonia could not produce sputum for culture?

    <p>A broad-spectrum antibiotic to be given</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimal effective concentration (MEC) of antibiotics primarily responsible for?

    <p>Halting the growth of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a patient's current urinary tract infection not respond to an antibiotic that was previously effective?

    <p>Acquired bacterial resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should a nurse take when a patient with a history of penicillin allergy needs to take amoxicillin?

    <p>Discuss using a different antibiotic with the provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the nurse's understanding when preparing to administer an antibiotic after 2 days of culture-based treatment?

    <p>Resistance to the antibiotic may have developed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory values will the nurse expect to monitor while caring for a patient receiving high doses of tetracycline?

    <p>Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When teaching a female patient about taking doxycycline for a sexually transmitted infection, what information will the nurse include?

    <p>Use a backup method of contraception if taking oral contraceptives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an infant receiving intravenous gentamicin has not had a wet diaper for several hours, what should the nurse do?

    <p>Hold the dose and contact the provider to request a serum trough drug level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 70-kg patient is receiving gentamicin 85 mg 4 times daily and reports experiencing ringing in the ears. What should the nurse discuss with the provider?

    <p>Obtaining a serum drug level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When preparing to administer intravenous ampicillin and gentamicin to a patient, what is an important nursing action?

    <p>Set up separate tubing sets for each drug labeled with the drug name and date.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nurse reviews a patient's chart and notes that the last serum peak gentamicin level was 9 mcg/mL and the last trough level was 2 mcg/mL. What action should the nurse take?

    <p>Obtain repeat peak and trough levels before giving the next dose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient is taking azithromycin for an exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and also takes digoxin and warfarin, the nurse should expect:

    <p>Increased risk of digoxin and warfarin toxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching when the nurse is providing instructions to a patient who will begin taking cephalosporin to treat an infection?

    <p>I should take the medication with food to avoid stomach upset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient has been receiving an antibiotic for 2 days after a culture was obtained, what is the nurse's understanding of this situation?

    <p>The antibiotic is being used empirically while awaiting culture results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important reason for obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity before starting antibiotic therapy for a urinary tract infection?

    <p>To identify the causative organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient is prescribed azithromycin and reports developing watery diarrhea while taking it. What should the patient do?

    <p>Report the diarrhea to the healthcare provider immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient taking warfarin is prescribed clarithromycin. What action should the nurse take?

    <p>Request an order for INR testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient allergic to penicillin is prescribed erythromycin and plans to take fluconazole for a potential yeast infection. What should the nurse question?

    <p>The concurrent use of erythromycin and fluconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are serum drug peak and trough levels necessary for certain antibiotics?

    <p>To monitor antibiotics with a narrow therapeutic index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient's serum drug trough level is below the normal range, what can the nurse expect?

    <p>Inadequate therapeutic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should doxycycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, be taken in relation to meals?

    <p>With food to improve absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient reports ringing in the ears while receiving gentamicin, what should the nurse discuss with the provider?

    <p>Discontinuing gentamicin due to potential ototoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient is prescribed azithromycin and plans to take antacids for heartburn. When should the antacids be taken in relation to azithromycin?

    <p>2 hours before taking azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of a patient's infection not responding to an antibiotic that has been used successfully before?

    <p>The causative organism has developed resistance to the antibiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When administering intravenous ampicillin and gentamicin, what action should the nurse take to prevent mixing the drugs?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate action if a patient develops a rash while taking an antibiotic?

    <p>Stop taking the drug and notify the provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food should a patient avoid while being treated with amoxicillin?

    <p>Acidic fruits and juices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse do if penicillin G procaine appears milky in color?

    <p>Administer the medication as ordered by the physician</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can azithromycin have on digoxin and warfarin when taken together?

    <p>Increased effectiveness of digoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient has previously experienced a rash with penicillin, what is the preferred alternative drug?

    <p>Using erythromycin instead of penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should antibiotics be stopped if a rash develops?

    <p>As soon as the rash appears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nurse's next best action based on the patient's increased erythema, swelling, and persistent high fever?

    <p>Review the sensitivity results from the patient's culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is most important before administering the first dose of an antibiotic to a patient admitted for a urinary tract infection?

    <p>Obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a broad-spectrum antibiotic frequently used to treat pneumonia when the offending organism is not identified by culture and sensitivity?

    <p>Broad-spectrum antibiotics are effective against a wide range of organisms, including those that may not be detected by culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching when the nurse is providing teaching to a patient who will begin taking cephalosporin to treat an infection?

    <p>&quot;I should eat yogurt while taking this medication.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action will the nurse take when preparing to give a dose of cephalosporin medication to a patient who has received the antibiotic for two weeks and the nurse notes ulcers on the patient's tongue and buccal mucosa?

    <p>Report a possible side effect of the cephalosporin, such as superinfection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important reason for obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity before starting antibiotic therapy for a urinary tract infection?

    <p>To correctly identify the organism and help determine which antibiotic will be most effective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient has had a rash when taking penicillin, what alternative drug may be used?

    <p>Ceftriaxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse do if a patient reports ringing in the ears while receiving gentamicin?

    <p>Notify the provider and suggest an oral cephalosporin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory values will the nurse expect to monitor while caring for a patient receiving high doses of tetracycline?

    <p>Liver function tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of Penicillin G procaine and how should a nurse respond to it?

    <p>Penicillin G procaine is a cloudy solution, and the nurse should not administer it and should notify the provider.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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